Effects of Managers＇ Self-interest Motivation on Listed Company＇ s Business Performance

In recent years, managers＇ self-interest motivation has been attracting more and more attention from both the academia and practice.Therefore, the ways and depth of managers＇ self-interest motivation influencing listed companies＇ operating performance has become a hot research area with important theoretical and practical significance. Based on the samples of A-share companies listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchange during 2012-2014. we studied different effects of managers＇ self-interest motivation on listed company＇s business performance under different situations.The innovation of this paper mainly lies in the following two points： on the one hand, we did not adopt the previous research methods which does not distinguish different kinds of company＇s business performance. Therefore, we divided business performance into two types firstly, then we made empirical text of the influences of managers＇ self-interest motivation on business performance by virtue of Hausman Model and drew related conclusions under different situations of operating performance. On the other hand, the index measuring managers＇ self-interest is relatively new.

古罗马帝国中后期的瘟疫与基督教的兴起

古罗马帝国中后期,频繁爆发的瘟疫使业已危机丛生的社会局面更加动荡,而传统宗教———异教无以应对,于是社会出现了普遍的信仰危机。根据早期教会史家的记载,基督教徒在这个危机的时期,大力宣扬超越利己的教义,并开展了卓有成效的社会救助行动。因此,基督教的影响迅速扩大,皈依者迅速增多,形成了对异教的强大挑战。从这种意义上说,帝国中后期的瘟疫为基督教的发展与壮大提供了有利的契机,加快了它战胜异教的进程,并在一定程度上也改变了欧洲社会甚至人类历史的发展走向。

The Characteristics of Bribe-Taking by Chinese High-Level Officials

The purpose of this paper is to analyze in detail the characteristics of bribe-taking by provincial and ministerial or senior-level officials.In this paper,we analyze the data concerning all provincial and ministerial level officials convicted of bribe-taking apart from army generals.We identify 110 cases between 1987 and the end of 2015,of which 76 cases involved bribery alone and the rest also involved other crimes.The achievements of China’s economic reforms and opening-up over the last 40 years are obvious to all,but they have encouraged significant problems of corruption by senior party and government officials.Between 1987 and 2015 the number of officials convicted of corruption grew significantly and,sentences became more severe.Since 1987,the amount of bribery has increased steadily and the time span of corruption has increased.Corrupt officials mostly use traditional kinds of exchange of interests,and corruption in China has spread into every part of society.China still has a long way to go if it is to win the fight against corruption.

China's Economic Diplomacy:Concept,Organization,Implementation Mechanisms and the BRI

Based on the existing research regarding China’s economic diplomacy,this study creates a theoretical structure for economic diplomacy with Chinese characteristics that encompasses soft power,the two competitive concepts of justified ought and self interests,and the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).By introducing soft power,this paper argues that the goal of economic diplomacy with Chinese characteristics for the new era is to achieve the conversion of hard power to soft power.Unlike the“carrot and stick”principle often followed by Western powers in their economic diplomacy with political strings attached,the conversion between hard power and soft power in China’s economic diplomacy hinges upon the two competitive concepts of justified ought and self interests,which is the basic principle that guides China’s economic diplomacy overall.We argue that in creating an implementation mechanism for China’s economic diplomacy,policymakers must consider China’s unique national condition as a large economy not yet rich in per capita terms,while drawing upon the experiences of other major nations.

Beyond Self--Interest

When Ren Zhengfei, founder and CEO of Chinese telecom giant Huawei, spoke of his admiration for the iPhone ecosystem during a recent interview, he visualized a day when China and the U.S. would work together for universal benefits. His revelation that he buys Apple products for his family members may be a surprise to many, but building partnerships by engaging in fair competition and exploring comparative advantages is not a new idea.