Application of CFD and FEA Coupling to Predict Structural Dynamic Responses of A Trimaran in Uni-and Bi-Directional Waves

To predict the wave loads of a flexible trimaran in different wave fields,a one-way interaction numerical simulation method is proposed by integrating the fluid solver(Star-CCM+)and structural solver(Abaqus).Differing from the existing coupled CFD-FEA method for monohull ships in head waves,the presented method equates the mass and stiffness of the whole ship to the hull shell so that any transverse and longitudinal section stress of the hull in oblique waves can be obtained.Firstly,verification study and sensitivity analysis are carried out by comparing the trimaran motions using different mesh sizes and time step schemes.Discussion on the wave elevation of uni-and bi-directional waves is also carried out.Then a comprehensive analysis on the structural responses of the trimaran in different uni-directional regular wave and bi-directional cross sea conditions is carried out,respectively.Finally,the differences in structural response characteristics of trimaran in different wave fields are studied.The results show that the present method can reduce the computational burden of the two-way fluid-structure interaction simulations.

Attachment Styles and Traumatic Responses: Exploring the Impact of Parental Interaction on Child Development and Coping Mechanisms

This article explores the intricate relationship between attachment styles formed during early childhood and the subsequent responses to traumatic events, particularly the death of a parent. Drawing on the theoretical framework of attachment theory and incorporating contemporary research, the paper discusses how parental interactions shape the neural circuitry of infants and children, influencing their ability to form secure or insecure attachments. These attachment styles, in turn, play a critical role in determining the child’s coping mechanisms when faced with trauma. This paper focuses on trying to understand how attachment theory is connected to the reaction to trauma with a highlight on the four major styles of attachments which are secure, anxious, avoidant, and disorganized to mention but a few, and how they influence stress and adversity in children. Attachment theory holds that human beings’ ability to form affectional bonds in infancy determines their patterns of relatedness across the life cycle. The type of attachment that is secure usually supports healthy adaptation and good coping mechanisms regardless of the trauma in the childhood of the child. While secure attachment mostly facilitates favorable trauma-related outcomes, anxious or avoidant attachment can exacerbate or alter the responses. The caregiving system that is avoidant attachment has implications of autonomous self-functioning which has features of suppression of the emotional response and poor search for emotional support during stress. From the principles of developmental psychology and trauma theory, the paper also focuses on the major significance of the child’s early caregivers’ interactions that define the resilience and vulnerability factor. This knowledge is therefore critical in designing specific interventions based on the improvement of coping behaviors and emotional regulatory systems of children who have been exposed to trauma. Finally, we have the synthesis of new knowledge about the role of secure attachment relationships as its fundamental element in shaping adaptive traumatization and psychological development. The article also delves into the physiological processes involved in emotional regulation and the role of cortisol in disrupting attachment. Finally, the implications of these findings for therapeutic interventions and the challenges of addressing prolonged grief and traumatic responses in clinical settings are considered.

Interaction Relationship Between Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Performance:Evidence from 201 Chinese Listed Companies and Preliminary Study of Its Underlying Mechanism

Corporations actively fulfilling corporate social responsibility(CSR)is of more significance to society's sustainable development nowadays.This research discusses the interaction between CSR and corporate performance and then adopts other mediation variables to explain the underlying mechanism.The empirical analyses are performed on a sample of 201 listed Chinese firms.The result shows that CSR has a weak negative impact on corporate perfbnnance while being positively influenced by corporate performance significantly.Further study finds the reason may be CSR requires financial support,but has little to do with increasing shareholder wealth.

Elastic responses of underground circular arches considering dynamic soil-structure interaction:A theoretical analysis

Due to the wide applications of arches in underground protective structures, dynamic analysis of circular arches including soil-structure interactions is important. In this paper, an exact solution of the forced vibration of circular arches subjected to subsurface denotation forces is obtained. The dynamic soil-structure interaction is considered with the introduction of an interfacial damping between the structure element and the surrounding soil into the equa- tion of motion. By neglecting the influences of shear, rotary inertia and tangential forces and assuming the arch incompressible, the equations of motion of the buried arches were set up. Analytical solutions of the dynamic responses of the protective arches were deduced by means of modal super- position. Arches with different opening angles, acoustic impedances and rise-span ratios were analyzed to discuss their influences on an arch. The theoretical analysis suggests blast loads for elastic designs and predicts the potential failure modes for buried protective arches.

Seismic response of tall building considering soil-pile-structure interaction

The seismic behavior of tall buildings can he greatly affected by non-linear soil-pile interaction during strong earthquakes.In this study a 20-storey building is examined as a typical structure supported on a pile foundation for different conditions:(1) rigid base,i.e.no deformation in the foundation:(2) linear soil-pile system;and (3) nonlinear soil-pile system. The effects of pile foundation displacements on the behavior of tall building are investigated,and compared with the behavior of buildings supported on shallow foundation.With a model of non-reflective boundary between the near field and far field, Novak's method of soil-pile interaction is improved.The computation method for vibration of pile foundations and DYNAN computer program are introduced comprehensively.A series of dynamic experiments have been done on full-scale piles, including single pile and group,linear vibration and nonlinear vibration,to verify the validity of boundary zone model.

Finite element response sensitivity analysis of three-dimensional soil-foundation-structure interaction (SFSI) systems

The nonlinear finite element（FE） analysis has been widely used in the design and analysis of structural or geotechnical systems.The response sensitivities（or gradients） to the model parameters are of significant importance in these realistic engineering problems.However the sensitivity calculation has lagged behind,leaving a gap between advanced FE response analysis and other research hotspots using the response gradient.The response sensitivity analysis is crucial for any gradient-based algorithms,such as reliability analysis,system identification and structural optimization.Among various sensitivity analysis methods,the direct differential method（DDM） has advantages of computing efficiency and accuracy,providing an ideal tool for the response gradient calculation.This paper extended the DDM framework to realistic complicated soil-foundation-structure interaction（SFSI） models by developing the response gradients for various constraints,element and materials involved.The enhanced framework is applied to three-dimensional SFSI system prototypes for a pilesupported bridge pier and a pile-supported reinforced concrete building frame structure,subjected to earthquake loading conditions.The DDM results are verified by forward finite difference method（FFD）.The relative importance（RI） of the various material parameters on the responses of SFSI system are investigated based on the DDM response sensitivity results.The FFD converges asymptotically toward the DDM results,demonstrating the advantages of DDM（e.g.,accurate,efficient,insensitive to numerical noise）.Furthermore,the RI and effects of the model parameters of structure,foundation and soil materials on the responses of SFSI systems are investigated by taking advantage of the sensitivity analysis results.The extension of DDM to SFSI systems greatly broaden the application areas of the d gradient-based algorithms,e.g.FE model updating and nonlinear system identification of complicated SFSI systems.

Propeller Torque Load and Propeller Shaft Torque Response Correlation During Ice-propeller Interaction

Ships use propulsion machinery systems to create directional thrust. Sailing in ice-covered waters involves the breaking of ice pieces and their submergence as the ship hull advances. Sometimes, submerged ice pieces interact with the propeller and cause irregular fluctuations of the torque load. As a result, the propeller and engine dynamics become imbalanced, and energy propagates through the propulsion machinery system until equilibrium is reached. In such imbalanced situations, the measured propeller shaft torque response is not equal to the propeller torque. Therefore, in this work, the overall system response is simulated under the ice-related torque load using the Bond graph model. The energy difference between the propeller and propeller shaft is estimated and related to their corresponding mechanical energy. Additionally, the mechanical energy is distributed among modes. Based on the distribution, kinetic and potential energy are important for the correlation between propeller torque and propeller shaft response.

Effect of nonlinear soil-structure interaction on seismic response of low-rise SMRF buildings

The nonlinear behavior of a soil-foundation system may alter the seismic response of a structure by providing additional flexibility to the system and dissipating hysteretic energy at the soil-foundation interface. However, the current design practice is still reluctant to consider the nonlinearity of the soil-foundation system, primarily due to lack of reliable modeling techniques. This study is motivated towards evaluating the effect of nonlinear soil-structure interaction （SSI） on the seismic responses of low-rise steel moment resisting frame （SMRF） structures. In order to achieve this, a Winkler- based approach is adopted, where the soil beneath the foundation is assumed to be a system of closely-spaced, independent, nonlinear spring elements. Static pushover analysis and nonlinear dynamic analyses are performed on a 3-story SMRF building and the performance of the structure is evaluated through a variety of force and displacement demand parameters. It is observed that incorporation of nonlinear SSI leads to an increase in story displacement demand and a significant reduction in base moment, base shear and inter-story drift demands, indicating the importance of its consideration towards achieving an economic, yet safe seismic design.

Simple Method for Dynamic Responses of Soil-Pile-Isolated Structure Interaction System

To investigate the effect of soil-pile-structure interaction(SPSI effect)on the dynamic response of a baseisolated structure with buried footings on a pile foundation,certain shake table tests are previously conducted.Based on the test results and the existing related studies,an efficient simplified model and a corresponding calculation method are verified for estimating the dynamic characteristics of a base-isolated structure with buried footings on a pile foundation with the SSI effect.In this method,the solutions by Veletsos and co-workers for a non-isolated structure with the SSI effect are verified and advanced for a base-isolated structure,and the solutions by Maravas and co-workers for a non-isolated structure on a pile foundation are introduced to consider the effect of the piles.By comparison with the shake table test,this work proves that the simplified method can efficiently estimate the dynamic responses of a base-isolated structure with buried footings on a pile foundation.Using parameter analysis,this work also shows that the dynamic characteristics of a non-isolated structure are quite similar to those of the base-isolated structure when the soil foundation is sufficiently soft,which means that the isolation layer gradually loses its isolation function as the soil foundation softens.

Dynamic Response of Fluid-Single Leg Gravity Platform-Soil Interaction System

An approximate method is presented to investigate the earthquake response of the fluid-single leg (shortened for S. L.) gravity platform-soil interaction system. By assuming a suitable form of the velocity potential of the radiation waves and by using the motion equation and the boundary conditions, the unknown coefficients can be obtained. Thereafter the function of frequency for the interaction system may also be obtained. In this paper, the difference of the system dynamic response between rigid foundation is analyzed and the influences of the various foundation geometric dimension and the various water-depth on the hydrodynamic loading and dynamic response of the system is illustrated.

An extended multiple-support response spectrum method incorporating fluid-structure interaction for seismic analysis of deep-water bridges

The effects of ground motion spatial variability(GMSV)or fluid-structure interaction(FSI)on the seismic responses of deep-water bridges have been extensively examined.However,there are few studies on the seismic performance of bridges considering GMSV and FSI effects simultaneously.In this study,the original multiple-support response spectrum(MSRS)method is extended to consider FSI effect for seismic analysis of deep-water bridges.The solution of hydrodynamic pressure on a pier is obtained using the radiation wave theory,and the FSI-MSRS formulation is derived according to the random vibration theory.The influence of FSI effect on the related coefficients is analyzed.A five-span steel-concrete continuous beam bridge is adopted to conduct the numerical simulations.Different load conditions are designed to investigate the variation of the bridge responses when considering the GMSV and FSI effects.The results indicate that the incoherence effect and wave passage effect decrease the bridge responses with a maximum percentage of 86%,while the FSI effect increases the responses with a maximum percentage of 26%.The GMSV and FSI effects should be included in the seismic design of deep-water bridges.

Enterprise innovation, corporate social responsibility and their interactive relationship: A review

Under the new normal economic growth, lack of motivation, structural imbalances in the economy, the shortage of resources, resource utilization inefficiency, environmental damage and other issues have become increasingly prominent, enterprises as the carrier of economy is one of the root of the problem. Research on enterprise innovation and corporate social responsibility issues, it is conducive to the development of enterprise itself and the transformation of Chinese economy. This paper reviewed the research status of relationships between innovation and corporate social responsibility, through comb the aspects of the definitions and evolution of enterprise innovation and social responsibility, also include both the relationship and the new way(responsible innovation) of combination of them, we found the presence of index system is not perfect, and lack of in-depth comprehensive study and opportunities for future research is prospected.

Dynamic Response Analysis of Interaction System of R.C. Gravity Single-Leg Platform

In this paper, the responses of the interaction system of R.C. gravity single-leg platform to seismic excitation are mainly analysed. A set of nonlinear equations for the interaction system are established by using the wave, one is the soil-structure interaction and the other is the fluid-structure interaction. The seismic response of the interaction system is analysed for the influence of the asymmetric structure, fluid action, etc. with the input of seismic SH waves in any direction. The numerical results are given for a simple example.

Analysis of Dynamic Structure-Fluid Interaction Response of a Floating Laminated Composite Plate

In consideration of the effects of transverse shear deformation and structure-fluid interaction, the analytical expression of fluid force between a floating laminated composite plate and liquid surface is obtained. By expanding the displacements into Fourier series, the structure-fluid coupling dynamic response is solved. The effects of lamination angle, layer number, depth of fluid region and loading forms on dynamic response are investigated.

Dynamic Structure-Fluid Interaction Response of a Composite Cylindrical Shell Submerged in Water

This paper analyzes the dynamic structure-fluid interaction response of a submerged composite cylindrical shell. Dynamic equations based on the first-order shear deformation theory include the initial stresses and structure-fluid interaction forces due to fluid. The field equation is solved by expanding the velocity potential into series similar to transverse deflection of the cylindrical shell and the structure-fluid interaction force is obtained. The dynamic response is investigated by means of series expansion method. The effects of structure-fluid interaction on dynamic response are discussed.

Smoothed response spectra including soil-structure interaction effects

Elastic response spectra that take into account the effects of soil-structure interaction on soft soils are developed. The response spectra are calculated utilizing a 3 DOF system including deformations of the superstructure and foundation. The equations of motion of the system are solved using direct integration under normalized earthquake records. Statistical processing of the results is implemented resulting in response spectra for "short and dense buildings with low interaction", "short and dense buildings with high interaction", "tall and light buildings with low interaction" and "tall and light buildings with high interaction". The resulting response spectra are smoothed and discussed.

Herbivory and Plant Genotype Influence Fitness-Related Responses of<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>to Indirect Plant-Plant Interactions

Previous studies have demonstrated that genetic identity between interacting perennial plants results in more effective defense when emitter and receiver neighbors have greater genetic similarity. However, the effects of both genetic relatedness and presence of herbivores on fitness-related responses of neighboring plants have not yet been explored. Our aim was to examine how manipulating these two important factors genetic and environmental factors can influence indirect plant-plant communication in the annual crucifer Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants of a single genotype (receivers) were exposed to volatile emissions of neighboring emitter plants with a similar or different genotype, and either intact or damaged by larvae of a specialist herbivore for ten days. Each of the four treatments was isolated in separate environmental chambers and the full experiment was replicated twice. Receiver plant growth and reproductive-related traits were measured ten days after exposure to treatments, and at senescence. Results showed that the effect of herbivory and plant genotype of emitter plants influenced responses related growth and reproduction in receiver plants. Receiver plants grew taller, had more inflorescence branching, and produced more fruits (60% more) when exposed to undamaged emitters of a different genotype than receivers exposed to the other emitter plant treatments. Therefore, genotype identity and environmental context (presence of herbivory) may be important factors influencing indirect plant-plant communication, which could, in turn, result in selection for genotypes showing increased fitness-related responses.

Investigating the customer trust in artificial intelligence: The role of anthropomorphism, empathy response, and interaction

Artificial intelligence(AI)applications are observed in different industries including the services,where the impressive changing pace is boosted by the technological advances in AI.The use of AI in the daily work of individuals and in shaping the relationship between firms and customers has resulted in increased efficiency and a higher degree of fascination in interaction.There are,however,customers'fears related to the use of AI.Therefore,understanding how AI affects customer trust is worth investigating.This study focuses on the AI applications and their impact on communication quality and customer trust.The features of AI applications investigated in this study include anthropomorphism,empathy response and interaction.A model was first empirically validated through Confirmatory Factor Analysis and tested using Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modelling.Data were then collected from a survey of 507 customers of two banks and two big telecommunication firms in Vietnam.Empirical results indicate that anthropomorphism and interaction do not play critical roles in generating customer trust in AI unless they create communication quality with customers.The ability of empathy response makes customers trust in various service situations.AI application seems to be a good solution for service firms to enhance their relationship with customers in difficult circumstances,including a pandemic crisis.This study delivers implications for enhancing AI adoption in the service firms that intend to innovate their future operations.

Comparative Analysis of Seismic Response Characteristics of Pile-Soil-Stnicture Interaction System

The study on the earthquake-resistant performance of a pile-soil-structure interaction system is a relatively complicated and primarily important issue in civil engineering practice. In this paper, a computational model and computation procedures for pile-supported structures, which can duly consider the pile-soil interaction effect, arc established by the finite clement method. Numerical implementation is made in the time domain. A simplified approximation for the seismic response analysis of pile-soil-structure systems is briefly presented. Then a comparative study is performed for an engineering example with numerical results computed respectively by the finite clement method and the simplified method. Through comparative analysis, it is shown that the results obtained by the simplified method well agree with those achieved by the finite element method. The numerical results and findings will offer instructive guidelines for earthquake-resistant analysis and design of pile-supported structures.

Influence of Structure Plane Size on Seismic Response of Soil-Structure Interaction

The influence of the change of structure plane size on seismic response was studied for a soil-structure interaction system.Based on the finite element method,a soil-structure interaction calculation model was established to analyze the seismic response by changing the structure plane size and choosing different earthquake waves for different soil fields.The results show that when the natural periods of vibration for different structure plane sizes are close,under the same earthquake wave,the total displacement on the top layer of the structure and the foundation rotation displacement decrease with the increase of structure plane size,and the proportion of superstructure elastic selfdeformation displacement to the total displacement increases with the increase of structure plane size.While for different types of sites and seismic waves,under the horizontal and vertical seismic waves,the seismic responses of different plane sizes have a similar change rule.