Optimal synthesis of heat-integrated distillation configurations using the two-column superstructure

In the realm of the synthesis of heat-integrated distillation configurations,the conventional approach for exploring more heat integration possibilities typically entails the splitting of a single column into a twocolumn configuration.However,this approach frequently necessitates tedious enumeration procedures,resulting in a considerable computational burden.To surmount this formidable challenge,the present study introduces an innovative remedy:The proposition of a superstructure that encompasses both single-column and multiple two-column configurations.Additionally,a simultaneous optimization algorithm is applied to optimize both the process parameters and heat integration structures of the twocolumn configurations.The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated through a case study focusing on industrial organosilicon separation.The results underscore that the superstructure methodology not only substantially mitigates computational time compared to exhaustive enumeration but also furnishes solutions that exhibit comparable performance.

Synthesis of Heat Integrated Complex Distillation Systems via Stochastic Optimization Approaches

This paper addresses the application of stochastic optimization approaches to the synthesis of heatintegrated complex distillation system, which is characterized by large-scale combinatorial feature. Conventionaland complex columns, thermally coupled (linked) side strippers and side rectifiers as well as heat integration betweenthe different columns are simultaneously considered. The problem is formulated as an MINLP (mixed-integernonlinear programming) problem. A simulated annealing algorithm is proposed to deal with the MINLP problemand a shortcut method is applied to evaluate all required design parameters as well as the total cost function. Twoillustrating examples are presented.

Method for Incorporation of Controllability in Heat Exchanger Network Synthesis by Integrating Mathematical Programming and Knowledge Engineering

A method for incorporation of controlling the heat exchanger networks with or without splits is proposed by integrating mathemati-cal programming and knowledge engineering. The simultaneous optimal mathematical model is established. This method can be practically used in the integration of large-scale heat exchanger networks, not only to synthesize automatically but also to satisfy the requirement of struc-tural controllability with more objective human intervention.

Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of A Human Occupied Vehicle Based on Bi-Level Integrated System Collaborative Optimization

The design of Human Occupied Vehicle （HOV） is a typical multidisciplinary problem, but heavily dependent on the experience of naval architects at present engineering design. In order to relieve the experience dependence and improve the design, a new Multidisciplinary Design Optimization （MDO） method ＂Bi-Level Integrated System Collaborative Optimization （BLISCO）＂ is applied to the conceptual design of an HOV, which consists of hull module, resistance module, energy module, structure module, weight module, and the stability module. This design problem is defined by 21 design variables and 23 constraints, and its objective is to maximize the ratio of payload to weight. The results show that the general performance of the HOV can be greatly improved by BLISCO.

Synthesis and Scheduling of Optimal Batch Water-recycle Networks

This work develops an optimization-based methodology for the design and scheduling of batch water recycle networks. This task requires the identification of network configuration, fresh-water usage, recycle assignments from sources to sinks, wastewater discharge, and a scheduling scheme. A new source-tank-sink representation is developed to allow for storage and dispatch tanks. The problem is solved in stages by first eliminating scheduling constraints and determining minimum usage of fresh water and wastewater discharge. An iterative procedure is formulated to minimize the total annual cost of the system by trading off capital versus operating costs. The work overcomes limitations in previous literature work including restricted recycle within the same cycle, lumped balances that may not lead to feasible solutions, and unrealistic objective functions. A case study is solved to illustrate the usefulness of the devised procedure.

Integrated reliability of travel time and capacity of urban road network under ice and snowfall conditions

In order to evaluate and integrate travel time reliability and capacity reliability of a road network subjected to ice and snowfall conditions,the conceptions of travel time reliability and capacity reliability were defined under special conditions.The link travel time model(ice and snowfall based-bureau public road,ISB-BPR) and the path choice decision model(elastic demand user equilibrium,EDUE) were proposed.The integrated reliability was defined and the model was set up.Monte Carlo simulation was used to calculate the model and a numerical example was provided to demonstrate the application of the model and efficiency of the solution algorithm.The results show that the intensity of ice and snowfall,the traffic demand and supply,and the requirements for level of service(LOS) have great influence on the reliability of a road network.For example,the reliability drops from 65% to 5% when the traffic demand increases by 30%.The comprehensive performance index may be used for network planning,design and maintenance.

Parametric Tolerance Analysis of Mechanical Assembly by Developing Direct Constraint Model in CAD and Cost Competent Tolerance Synthesis

The objective of tolerance analysis is to check the extent and nature of variation of an analyzed dimension or geometric feature of interest for a given GD & T scheme. The parametric approach to tolerance analysis is based on parametric constraint solving. The accuracy of simulation results is dependent on the userdefined modeling scheme. Once an accurate CAD model is developed, it is integrated with tolerance synthesis model. In order to make it cost competent, it is necessary to obtain the costtolerance relationships. The neural network recently has been reported to be an effective statistical tool for determining relationship between input factors and output responses. This study deals development of direct constraint model in CAD, which is integrated to an optimal tolerance design problem. A backpropagation (BP) network is applied to fit the costtolerance relationship. An optimization method based on Differential Evolution (DE) is then used to locate the combination of controllable factors (tolerances) to optimize the output response (manufacturing cost plus quality loss) using the equations stemming from the trained network. A tolerance synthesis problem for a motor assembly is used to investigate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed methodology.

Wafer-scale synthesis of twodimensional materials for integrated electronics

Two-dimensional(2D)van derWaals materials have attracted great interest and facilitated the development of post-Moore electronics owing to their novel physical properties and high compatibility with traditional microfabrication techniques.Their wafer-scale synthesis has become a critical challenge for large-scale integrated applications.Although the wafer-scale synthesis approaches for some 2D materials have been extensively explored,the preparation of high-quality thin films with well-controlled thickness remains a big challenge.This review focuses on the wafer-scale synthesis of 2D materials and their applications in integrated electronics.Firstly,several representative 2D layered materials including their crystal structures and unique electronic properties were introduced.Then,the current synthesis strategies of 2Dlayeredmaterials at thewafer scale,which are divided into“top-down”and“bottom-up”,were reviewed in depth.Afterwards,the applications of 2D materials wafer in integrated electrical and optoelectronic devices were discussed.Finally,the current challenges and future prospects for 2D integrated electronics were presented.It is hoped that this reviewwill provide comprehensive and insightful guidance for the development of wafer-scale 2D materials and their integrated applications.

Integrated Fuzzy Robust Controller for Flight Control Design

μ-synthesis is a practical design approach and has been applied successfully to achieve a nominal and robust performance objectives. However, this design method suffers from the complexity of its practical implementation and high computational demand due to its high order dynamics. To overcome this problem, the interaction between fuzzy logic control which is a part of intelligence control theory and p-synthesis controller is carried out. This is called integrated fuzzy robust controller in this paper. It is obtained by coupling fuzzy pd with p-synthesis controller through the outer loop. Using this design strategy, we can keep the system performance and robustness even a high order p-synthesis controller is reduced into second order model. In order to test the effectiveness of this design method, the linear simulation results for a launch vehicle＇s attitude control motion are presented at the end of this paper.

Bi-Level Bidding and Multi-Energy Retail Packages for Integrated Energy Service Providers Considering Multi-Energy Demand Elasticity

How to effectively use the multi-energy demand elasticity of users to bid in the multi-energy market and formulate multi-energy retail packages is an urgent problem which needs to be solved by integrated energy service providers(IESPs)to attract more users and reduce operating costs.This paper presents a unified clearing of electricity and natural gas based on a bi-level bidding and multi-energy retail price formulation method for IESPs considering multi-energy demand elasticity.First,we propose an operating structure of IESPs in the wholesale and retail energy markets.The multi-energy demand elasticity model of retail-side users and a retail price model for electricity,gas,heat and cooling are established.Secondly,a bi-level bidding model for IESPs considering multi-energy demand elasticity is established to provide IESPs with wholesale-side bidding decisions and retail-side energy retail price decisions.Finally,an example is given to verify the proposed method.The results show that the method improves the total social welfare of the electricity and natural gas markets by 7.99%and the profit of IESPs by 1.40%.It can reduce the variance of the electricity,gas,and cooling load curves,especially the reduction of the variance of the electricity load curve can which reach 79.90%.It can be seen that the research in this paper has a positive effect on repairing the limitations of integrated energy trading research and improving the economics of the operation of IESPs.

Study of Total Process Energy Integration

The energy utilization consistency method in process integration extracts the key component of process energy utilization, and simplifies the procedure of process analysis and integration. The method allows the conversion of the total process energy integration into a synthesis problem of a pseudo-heat exchanger network. The advantages of using the energy utilization consistency and the pseudo-temperature methods are presented by two examples of integration of large-scale complex processes. The improved genetic algorithm is proved to be an effective tool in the retrofitting procedures.

Bi-level Planning for Integrated Energy Systems Incorporating Demand Response and Energy Storage Under Uncertain Environments Using Novel Metamodel

The optimal planning and design of an integrated energy system(IES)is of great significance to facilitate distributed renewable energy(DRE)technology and improve the overall energy efficiency of the energy system.With the increased penetration of distributed generation(DG),the power supply and load sides of an IES present more increased levels of uncertainties.Demand response(DR)and the energy storage system(ESS)serve as important means to shift energy supply and use across time to counter the indeterminate variations.However,the current IES planning methods are unable to effectively deal with the uncertainties of DREs and loads,and to optimize the operations of DG-DR-ESS due to the enormous possible combinations.In this paper,a new method for the optimal planning and design of an integrated energy system has been introduced and verified.The new method consists of three integrated elements.First,the method of the probability scenario has been used to model the uncertainties of the DREs and loads so as to better characterize the impact of uncertainty on the planning and design of the IES.Secondly,the optimal operation of the IES under different probability scenarios is ensured using the second-order cone optimization for quick solutions due to the simplicity of this sub-problem,serving as the bottom-level optimization.Thirdly,the optimal planning and design of IES through optimal sizing of the power generating components and ESS are performed using a special meta-model based global optimization method due to the complex,black-box,and computation intensive nature of this top-level optimization in a nested,bi-level global optimization problem.The combined approach takes full account of the interrelated operations of DG-DR-ESS under different design configurations to support a better optimal planning and design of the IES.The simulation has been carried out on an IES system modified from the IEEE 33-node distribution system.The simulation results show that the proposed method and model are effective.

集成电路用电子特气合成与纯化技术研究进展

电子特气在集成电路制造过程的多个关键工艺步骤中发挥着重要作用。为确保最终的集成电路产品具备良好的电性指标及良品率,要求电子特气具有很高的产品纯度和严苛的质量一致性。然而,电子气体种类繁多,关键杂质种类及含量标准各不相同,因此各种电子特气的合成及纯化手段存在较大差异。文中重点关注市场需求量大的三氟化氮、六氟化钨和六氟丁二烯等产品,系统总结在电子特气合成与纯化过程中相关合成与纯化技术的研究进展及共性技术问题,以期为集成电路制造用电子特气的行业发展与技术进步提供参考和借鉴。

微波合成纳米氧化镁实验教学的条件探究

将学科前沿、科研成果融入实验教学,充实更新现有的教学内容,对缩小教学与科研距离,提高学生创新能力和培养学生综合素质起着非常重要的作用。项目通过科教融合,设计了一个研究型综合化学实验项目——纳米氧化镁的合成及表征。项目设计过程中引入多功能微波合成仪,通过用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜等表征技术从反应时长、反应物比例等多方面对反应条件进行探究,优化出了适合于本科实验课堂教学的反应方案。项目涉及多学科相关知识点,训练了学生综合运用多学科知识分析和解决问题的能力,并使他们的创新思维能力和综合素质得以提升。

A comprehensive review of recent advancements and developments in heat exchanger network synthesis techniques

The rapid development of computational technology and the increasing energy demand have improved heat exchanger network(HEN)synthesis.The HEN synthesis involves several optimizations of matches,distributions of heat loads,and stream splitting of heat units.Thus,obtaining good results at high efficiency has been the main standard for evaluating the techniques in the research area of HEN synthesis.This paper first summarizes and analyzes the main contributions of the existing HEN synthesis techniques.To compare related data quantitively,information on ten typical cases is presented in this paper.Furthermore,recently improved solutions for commonly encountered existing literature cases demonstrate the evolution and competition trends in the field of HEN synthesis.The comparison data presented in this paper not only provide a useful reference for future research but also present the optimization directions.Based on the findings of this study,it is noted that there is still a large room for improvement,and current approaches are incapable of dealing with all HEN cases.Moreover,it is still difficult to escape a local optimum and overcome structural constraints when seeking the global optimum.As a follow-up to the current work,the parallel computing mode and adaptively coordinating the ratio of global and local searching abilities are major development trends for future investigation.

工学一体背景下的《精细有机合成实验》教学探索

基于创建地方应用型高水平大学、产学研融合的办学目标和应用化学专业培养目标,我们针对《精细有机合成实验》课程实验内容与企业生产脱钩、工艺设计环节较少、安全环保意识淡薄等问题,进行更新实验内容、融合生产实例、增强工艺设计和强化安全环保意识等教学探索,以期提高《精细有机合成实验》教学质量,培养高素质应用型人才,更好地服务于地方区域经济发展。

产教融合背景下药物合成反应课程教学改革探索

复合型医药创新人才是医药产业发展的重要基石,但传统制药工程专业教育教学与当前医药产业发展前沿联系不够紧密,导致高素质应用型制药人才供给严重不足,践行产教融合的人才培养教学改革势在必行。药物合成反应是制药工程专业的核心基础课程之一,上承有机化学,下启药物化学、药物分析等多门专业基础课。文章以药物合成反应课程教学改革为范例,从提升理论水平和实践能力两方面探索制药工程专业的产教融合之路,是培养更符合市场需求、全面发展的制药专业人才的有效途径。

Integration of Sensor Network Synthesis and Steady-State Online Data Reconciliation

Sensor network synthesis means to select certain variables to be measured, to select suitable sensors, to observe all the important variables, and to get reliable and accurate process data. The steady state online data reconciliation can remove the influences of errors in the measurements on the acquired data, and get consistent process data that satisfy the process constraints. These two techniques have been studied often but separately. This paper proposed to integrate these two techniques into a unified system to get better information about the process data. An industrial application of the integrated system to a crude oil distillation unit was also described, where valid process data were obtained and applied for online process optimization system, which led to a profit increase of about four million RMB annually.

尿素合成塔筒体结构研究

简要介绍了尿素合成塔的筒体结构,分析比较各种尿素合成塔筒体结构的优缺点。整体多层夹紧式结构的尿素合成塔具有多层包扎结构的优点,且没有深环焊缝,生产效率和设备安全性高,是目前优选的结构形式,该结构尿素合成塔在中国五环工程有限公司自主尿素技术中已成功推广22套。此外,还介绍该结构应关注的几个关键问题。

Chronic disease care integration into primary care services in sub-Saharan Africa:a‘best fit’framework synthesis and new conceptual model

Objective To examine the relevance of existing chronic care models to the integration of chronic disease care into primary care services in sub-Saharan Africa and determine whether additional context-specific model elements should be considered.Design‘Best fit’framework synthesis comprising two systematic reviews.First systematic review of existing chronic care conceptual models with construction of a priori framework.Second systematic review of literature on integrated HIV and diabetes care at a primary care level in sub-Saharan Africa,with thematic analysis carried out against the a priori framework.New conceptual model constructed from a priori themes and new themes.Risk of bias of included studies was assessed using CASP and MMAT.Eligibility criteria Conceptual models eligible for inclusion in construction of a priori framework if developed for a primary care context and described a framework for long-term management of chronic disease care.Articles eligible for inclusion in second systematic review described implementation and evaluation of an intervention or programme to integrate HIV and diabetes care into primary care services in SSA.Information sources PubMed,Embase,CINAHL Plus,Global Health and Global Index Medicus databases searched in April 2020 and September 2022.Results Two conceptual models of chronic disease care,comprising six themes,were used to develop the a priori framework.The systematic review of primary research identified 16 articles,within which all 6 of the a priori framework themes,along with 5 new themes:Improving patient access,stigma and confidentiality,patient-provider partnerships,task-shifting,and clinical mentoring.A new conceptual model was constructed from the a priori and new themes.Conclusion The a priori framework themes confirm a need for co-ordinated,longitudinal chronic disease care integration into primary care services in sub-Saharan Africa.Analysis of the primary research suggests integrated care for HIV and diabetes at a primary care level is feasible and new themes identified a need for a contextualised chronic disease care model for sub-Saharan Africa.