Clinical Analysis of Early Application of Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure ventilation in the Treatment of COPD with Type II Respiratory Failure

Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy of early application of bi-level positive airway pressure ventilation in the treatment of COPD with type II respiratory failure.Method:A total of 58 patients with COPD and type II respiratory failure admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to January 2019 were randomly divided into observation group and control group,with 29 cases in each group.Among them,the control group was received routine treatment while the observation group was treated with bi-level positive pressure airway ventilation in addition of conventional treatment.The arterial blood gas analysis,mortality rate and hospitalization time of these two groups before and after treatment were compared.Result:The blood pH,partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2)and arterial oxygen saturation(SaO2)of these two groups were significantly higher after the treatment while PaO2 alone was decreased.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The results of arterial blood gas analysis in the observation group were significantly improved compared with those before treatment.The mortality rate and hospitalization time were significantly less than the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Early clinical application of bi-level positive airway pressure ventilation in the treatment of COPD with type II respiratory failure has a significant clinical effect in reducing the mortality rate and hospitalization time of patients,and thus it is worthy of clinical application.

Creation method for bi-level positive airway pressure based on pressure and flow feedback

An airway pressure and flow data acquisition system is developed to investigate the approach to building the bi-level positive airway pressure BiPAP in a ventilator.A number of experiments under different breathing situations and states are conducted and the experimental data are recorded.According to the data from these experiments the variation characteristics of the pressure and flow are analyzed using Matlab. The data analysis results show that the pressure increases while the flow decreases in the expiratory phase contrarily the pressure decreases while the flow increases in the inspiratory phase during the apnea state both the pressure and the flow remain unchanged. According to the above variation characteristics of breath a feedback-based method for creating bi-level positive airway pressure is proposed. Experiments are implemented to verify the BiPAP model. Results demonstrate that the proposed method works effectively in following respiration and caters well to most polypnea and apnea events.

Clinical efficacy of mask continuous positive airway pressure mechanical ventilation in children with severe pneumonia

Objective: To investigate the clinical effects of the mask continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) mechanical ventilation in children with severe pneumonia. Methods: A total of 100 cases of children with severe pneumonia were randomly divided into two groups, study group with 50 children and control group with 50 children. These 100 children were given comprehensive treatment measures: treatment of anti-infection, anti-respiratory failure, anti-heart failure (if necessary), relieving cough and reducing sputum, aerosol inhalation, limited fluid volume, nutrition support etc. Children in the study group were added mask continuous positive airway pressure mechanical ventilation (CPAP). Children in the control group were added ordinary mask oxygen inhalation. Investigated and checked the treatment effect in these two groups. Results: After treatment, SaO2, PaO2 in both two groups were showed significantly higher than before the treatment. PaO2 of the study group is obviously higher than the control group. The oxygen inhalation time of the study group was obviously lesser than the control group. The total effective rate of the study group was significantly higher than the control group which was 96.0% vs 66.0%. Conclusion: The mask continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) mechanical ventilation can significantly improve the related symptoms and blood gas status of the children with severe pneumonia, shorten the oxygen inhalation time and had remarkable effect.

Bi-level Nasal Positive Airway Pressure(BiPAP)versus Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure(CPAP)for Preterm Infants with Birth Weight Less Than 1500g and Respiratory Distress Syndrome Following INSURE Treatment:A Two-center Randomized Controlled Trial

The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of bi-level positive airway pressure(BiPAP)versus continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)in preterm infants with birth weight less than 1500 g and respiratory distress syndrome(RDS)following intubation-surfactant-extubation(INSURE)treatment.A two-center randomized control trial was performed.The primary outcome was the reintubation rate of infants within 72 h of age after INSURE.Secondary outcomes included bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD),necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC),retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)and incidences of adverse events.Lung function at one year of corrected age was also compared between the two groups.There were 140 cases in the CPAP group and 144 in the BiPAP group.After INSURE,the reintubation rates of infants within 72 h of age were 15%and 11.1%in the CPAP group and the BiPAP group,respectively(P>0.05).Neonates in the BiPAP group was on positive airway pressure(PAP)therapy three days less than in the CPAP group(12.6 d and 15.3 d,respectively,P<0.05),and on oxygen six days less than in the CPAP group(20.6 d and 26.9 d,respectively,P<0.05).Other outcomes such as BPD,NEC,ROP and feeding intolerance were not significantly different between the two groups(P>0.05).There was no difference in lung function at one year of age between the two groups(P>0.05).In conclusion,after INSURE,the reintubation rate of infants within 72 h of age was comparable between the BiPAP group and the CPAP group.BiPAP was superior to CPAP in terms of shorter durations(days)on PAP support and oxygen supplementation.There were no differences in the incidences of BPD and ROP,and lung function at one year of age between the two ventilation methods.

The Value of Positive Pressure Ventilations for Clients in Acute Respiratory Distress as a Result of Cardiac and Pulmonary Issues

Objective: Research was conducted to examine benefits to using non-invasive ventilation (NIV) or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) early in the treatment of respiratory distress caused by pulmonary edema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Limitations to successful NIV and CPAP therapy were evaluated to determine how prolonged initiation of treatment may lead to hypoxemia (decreased oxygen in the blood) and hypercapnia (increased carbon dioxide in the blood) resulting in poor outcomes. Method: Reviews of literature from nursing and allied health data bases (CINAHL and ProQuest) with terms pulmonary edema, positive pressure device and non-invasive ventilation from 2010 to 2014 were used. Studies were conducted in the hospital and prehospital settings. Results: The literature search located 7 articles from CINAHL and 25 articles from ProQuest. A total of 6 of these articles were analyzed. Additional sources of data were obtained from Ignatavicius and Workman (2013) Medical-Surgical Nursing Patient-Centered Collaborative Care 7th edition and American Journal of Nursing (02/2013) Volume 113: 2. Conclusion: All of the articles concluded that early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure ventilations in the short-term was beneficial;however, late initiation of therapy required additional interventions. The studies indicated that early use of positive airway pressure in acute respiratory distress improved breath rate, heart rate and blood pressure. The use of positive airway pressure for respiratory distress may decrease the need for endotracheal intubation.

Airway Pressure Release Ventilation Improves Oxygenation in a Patient with Pulmonary Hypertension and Abdominal Compartment Syndrome

The following case describes the favorable application of airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) in a patient with pulmonary hypertension who developed respiratory failure and abdominal compartment syndrome after abdominal closure from an incarcerated umbilical hernia. A 66-year-old male with past medical history of restrictive lung disease, obstructive sleep apnea and pulmonary hypertension, presented to the operating room for an incarcerated inguinal hernia. After abdominal closure, he gradually developed decreased oxygen saturation and hypotension. APRV was initiated during post operative day 2 after inability to maintain adequate oxygen saturation with resultant hypotension on pressure control ventilation with varying degrees of positive end expiratory pressure and 100% inspired oxygen concentration. The initial set high pressure on APRV was 35 mm Hg. Yet, in lieu of decreasing lung compliance, it peaked at 50 mm Hg. Eventually, inhaled Nitric Oxide was initiated post operative day 3 due to increasing pulmonary arterial pressures. A bedside laparotomy was eventually performed when bladder pressures peaked to 25 mm Hg. APRV gradually and temporally improved the oxygen saturation and decreased the pulmonary arterial pressures with subsequent increase in systemic blood pressures. APRV promoted alveolar recruitment and decreased the shunting associated with abdominal compartment syndrome. Better oxygen saturations lead to increases in blood pressure by decreasing the effects of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction on the right ventricle (RV). In patients with decreasing lung compliance and pulmonary comorbidities, APRV appears safe and allows for improve oxygenation, after failure with conventional modes of ventilation.

Noninvasive Ventilation Interfaces in the Treatment of Acute Respiratory Insufficiency: A Critical Review

Background: Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is an important therapeutic modality for the treatment of acute respiratory failure (ARF). In this review, we critically analyze randomized controlled trials on the most used NIV interfaces in the treatments of ARF. Methods: The searches were conducted in the Medline, Lilacs, PubMed, Cochrane, and Pedro databases from June to November 2021. The inclusion criteria were Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published from 2016 to 2021 in Portuguese, Spanish, or English and involving adults (aged ≥ 18 years). The eligibility criteria for article selection were based on the PICO strategy: Population—Adults with ARF;Intervention—NIV Therapy;Comparison—Conventional oxygen therapy, high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy, or NIV;Outcome—improvement in ARF. The search for articles and the implementation of the inclusion criteria were independently conducted by two researchers. Results: Seven scientific articles involving 574 adults with ARF due to various causes, such as chest trauma, decompensated heart failure, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and postoperative period, among others, were included. The interfaces cited in the studies included an oronasal mask, nasal mask, full-face mask, and helmet. In addition, some favorable outcomes related to NIV were reported in the studies, such as a reduction in the rate of orotracheal intubation and shorter length of stay in the ICU. Conclusions: The most cited interfaces in the treatment of ARF were the oronasal mask and the helmet.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes associated with nasal intermittent mandatory ventilation in acute pediatric respiratory failure

AIM To characterize the clinical course and outcomes of nasal intermittent mandatory ventilation(NIMV) use in acute pediatric respiratory failure.METHODS We identified all patients treated with NIMV in the pediatric intensive care unit(PICU) or inpatient general pediatrics between January 2013 and December 2015 at two academic centers.Patients who utilized NIMV with other modes of noninvasive ventilation during the same admission were included.Data included demographics,vital signs on admission and prior to initiation of NIMV,pediatric risk of mortality Ⅲ(PRIsM-Ⅲ) scores,complications,respiratory support characteristics,PICU and hospital length of stays,duration of respiratory support,and complications.Patients who did not require escalation to mechanical ventilation were defined as NIMV responders;those who required escalation to mechanical ventilation(MV) were defined as NIMV nonresponders.NIMV responders were compared to NIMV non-responders.RESULTS Forty-two patients met study criteria.six(14%) failed treatment and required MV.The majority of the patients(74%) had a primary diagnosis of bronchiolitis.The median age of these 42 patients was 4 mo(range 0.5-28.1 mo,IQR 7,P = 0.69).No significant difference was measured in other baseline demographics and vitals on initiation of NIMV;these included age,temperature,respiratory rate,O2 saturation,heart rate,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,and PRIsM-Ⅲ scores.The duration of NIMV was shorter in the NIMV nonresponder vs NIMV responder group(6.5 h vs 65 h,P < 0.0005).Otherwise,NIMV failure was not associated with significant differences in PICU length of stay(LOs),hospital LOs,or total duration of respiratory support.No patients had aspiration pneumonia,pneumothorax,or skin breakdown.CONCLUSION Most of our patients responded to NIMV.NIMV failure is not associated with differences in hospital LOs,PICU LOs,or duration of respiratory support.

Effectiveness of adaptive servo-ventilation

Adaptive servo-ventilation(ASV) has been developed as a specific treatment for sleep-disordered breathing, in particular Cheyne-Stokes respiration with central sleep apnea(CSA). Heart failure patients often have sleep-disordered breathing, which consists of either obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) or CSA. Other medical conditions, such as stroke, acromegaly, renal failure, and opioid use may be associated with CSA. Continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP) therapy is widely used for patients with OSA, but some of these patients develop CSA on CPAP, which is called treatmentemergent CSA. CPAP can be useful as a treatment for these various forms of CSA, but it is insufficient to eliminate respiratory events in approximately half of patients with CSA. As compared to CPAP, ASV may be a better option to treat CSA, with sufficient alleviation of respiratory events as well as improvement of cardiac function in heart failure patients. In patients without heart failure, ASV can also alleviate CSA and relieve their symptom. Recently, ASV has been widely used for patients with various forms of CSA. ASV may be also used in the setting without CSA, but it should be assessed more carefully. Clinicians should have a better understanding of the indications for ASV in each setting.

气道正压通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并高血压患者的影响

目的探究气道正压通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)合并高血压患者睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、血压及认知功能的影响。方法选取2022年3月至2023年1月上海市第八人民医院收治的88例OSAHS合并高血压患者,按照随机数字表法分为干预组(44例)与对照组(44例)。对照组采用常规治疗,干预组在对照组的基础上加用气道正压通气治疗。比较2组患者的睡眠监测结果、血压水平、认知和嗜睡评定及生活质量。结果治疗后干预组患者的AHI和最长呼吸暂停时间数值均比治疗前降低(P<0.05),且干预组的数值均较对照组更低(P<0.05);治疗后2组24 h平均收缩压、舒张压和夜间收缩压、舒张压均降低,且干预组的血压水平降低幅度较对照组更明显(P<0.05);治疗后2组患者的蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分均有提升,Epworth嗜睡量表(ESS)评分均有下降,且干预组患者的MoCA和ESS量表评分升高、下降幅度均超过对照组(P<0.05);治疗后2组患者的社会生活、物质生活、生理功能和躯体功能指标均有提升,且干预组各项指标较对照组更高(P<0.05)。结论气道正压通气能有效降低OSAHS合并高血压患者的AHI指数,降低患者的血压水平,改善患者的认知功能。

肠内-肠外联合营养联合双水平气道正压通气对COPD急性加重期合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的应用效果探讨

目的探讨分析肠内-肠外联合营养联合双水平气道正压通气对COPD急性加重期合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的应用效果。方法选择2022年3月-2023年2月本院呼吸内科收治的118例COPD急性加重期合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者作为研究对象,按照随机数表法分成实验组和对照组两组,每组各59例。对照组患者给予常规治疗、肠道内营养支持以及经鼻持续低流量吸氧,实验组患者给予肠内-肠外联合营养支持联合双水平气道正压通气。对比治疗前与治疗1周后的肺功能指标、血气分析指标、营养指标以及住院基本情况。结果实验组ICU住院时间、总住院时间均短于对照组,住院期间气管切开率和28 d病死率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。经不同方法治疗后,两组患者用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值的百分比(FEV1%)和最大的呼气流量(PEF)均高于治疗前,且实验组高于对照组;两组患者氧气分压(PaO_(2))、血酸碱度(pH)、血氧饱和度(SaO_(2))均高于治疗前,且实验组高于对照组,两组患者二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))低于治疗前,且实验组低于对照组;两组患者前白蛋白(PA)、白蛋白(ALB)、总蛋白(TP)均高于治疗前,且实验组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论对COPD急性加重期合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者采取肠内-肠外联合营养联合双水平气道正压通气方式辅助的治疗方法,可以明显提高患者康复速度、缩短住院时间,在改善患者营养状况、血气功能与肺功能方面作用明显。

中医培土化浊方、针刺结合持续气道正压通气在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者中疗效分析

目的观察中医培土化浊方、针刺结合持续气道正压通气(CPAP)在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)中的临床疗效。方法选取2020年5月—2022年5月收治的120例OSAHS患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组(n=30)、药物+CPAP组(A组,n=29)、针刺+CPAP组(B组,n=27)以及联合组(n=34)共4组。对照组采用单独CPAP治疗,联合组采用培土化浊方内服+针刺+CPAP治疗,治疗周期为1个月。观察4组患者临床疗效,评估治疗前后4组患者中医证候积分、嗜睡程度、通气功能[呼吸暂停通气指数(AHI)、最低血氧饱和度(LSaO_(2))、最长呼吸暂停时间(LAT)]以及生活质量变化。结果治疗1个月后联合组临床疗效为94.12%,较对照组、A组以及B组临床疗效(72.41%、74.07%、56.67%)均明显更高(均P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,4组患者中医证候积分、嗜睡程度、通气功能以及生活质量均明显改善(均P<0.05),联合组中医证候积分、嗜睡程度评分、AHI以及LAT均低于对照组、A组与B组(均P<0.05),联合组LSaO_(2)以及生活质量评分均高于对照组、A组与B组(均P<0.05),对照组、A组与B组3组间中医证候积分、嗜睡程度评分、AHI、LSaO_(2)、LAT以及生活质量评分比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论中医培土化浊方、针刺结合CPAP联合治疗可有效提高OSAHS患者临床疗效,缓解其临床症状,提高通气功能,改善患者生活质量。

综合护理干预对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者生命质量的作用

目的:探讨综合护理干预对青海地区阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者生命质量的改善效果。方法:选取2019年1月至2021年12月在青海红十字医院睡眠医学科行多导睡眠监测(PSG)和无创呼吸机治疗的中重度OSAHS住院患者392例作为研究对象,根据收治的时间登记表单双号顺序将患者分为对照组(单号)和观察组(双号),每组196例。对照组给予普通护理,观察组给予综合护理。比较2组干预前后Epworth嗜睡量表(ESS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、睡眠呼吸暂停生命质量指数(SAQLl)评分及干预后持续气道正压通气(CPAP)治疗依从性。结果:干预后,2组患者ESS、SAS评分均低于本组干预前(均P<0.05),且观察组干预后ESS、SAS评分均低于对照组(均P<0.05)。干预后,2组患者SAQLI日常活动、社会影响、情感活动、症状评分均高于本组干预前(均P<0.05),且观察组干预后SAQLI日常活动、社会影响、情感活动、症状评分均高于对照组(均P<0.05)。观察组干预后完成CPAP治疗患者例数明显多于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:综合护理干预后可显著提高患者CPAP治疗的依从性,提高疗效,提高患者的生命质量。

无创正压呼吸机治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征对改善阿尔茨海默病血清生物标记物指标与认知功能的效果分析

目的:了解持续气道正压通气治疗是否可以改善阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者认知功能以及改善阿尔茨海默病重要生物标记物β-淀粉样蛋白1-42/1-40比值。方法:入选阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者56例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组、治疗组各28例。治疗组睡眠过程中给予持续正压无创呼吸机治疗结合有氧运动,对照组仅进行有氧运动,治疗6个月检测血清同型半胱氨酸水平、β-淀粉样蛋白1-42/1-40比值,并使用华山版听觉词语学习测验(auditory verbal learning test-Huashan version,AVLT-H)和动物词语流畅性量表(animal fluency test,AFT)来评估认知功能。结果:治疗6个月时,治疗组血清同型半胱氨酸水平、β-淀粉样蛋白1-42/1-40比值显著低于对照组(P<0.05);AVLT-H即刻回忆评分、AFT评分显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:持续气道正压通气治疗可明显改善阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者的记忆和言语功能,并降低HCY和Aβ_(42)/Aβ_(40)比值,对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的认知障碍可能具有改善作用。

不同无创通气联合枸橼酸咖啡因治疗早产儿呼吸暂停疗效分析

目的通过分析不同无创辅助通气模式联合枸橼酸咖啡因在早产儿呼吸暂停中的治疗效果,探讨治疗早产儿呼吸暂停的优化方案。方法选择2019年10月~2022年8月蚌埠医学院第二附属医院新生儿重症监护病房收治的90例胎龄≤34周的呼吸暂停患儿作为研究对象,回顾性分析患儿的病例资料,将患儿分为NCPAP联合枸橼酸咖啡因组(n=44)和NIPPV序贯NCPAP联合枸橼酸咖啡因组(n=46)。采用t检验、χ2检验、Mann-Whitney检验等,对两组患儿一般临床资料、呼吸暂停疗效、治疗时间及不良反应发生情况,进行统计学比较。结果NIPPV序贯NCPAP联合枸橼酸咖啡因组治疗早产儿呼吸暂停总有效率为91.30%,高于NCPAP联合枸橼酸咖啡因组的86.36%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组无创通气失败及相关治疗时间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组在喂养不耐受、鼻损伤发生情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论早期采用NIPPV序贯NCPAP的通气模式,较传统单用NCPAP治疗早产儿呼吸暂停,可以取得更好的临床效果,缩短治疗及住院时间,不良反应相对更少,值得临床推广。

连续气道正压通气对胸腔镜肺部手术患者呼吸功能的影响

目的探讨连续气道正压(CPAP)通气对胸腔镜肺部手术患者呼吸功能的影响。方法选择2021年6月至2022年12月于广西壮族自治区人民医院择期行胸腔镜肺部手术的60例患者,采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组,每组30例,经剔除后,最终两组各有29例纳入分析。在单肺通气时,观察组术侧肺持续给予CPAP通气,压力为5 cmH_(2)O,对照组术侧肺无特殊干预措施。于双肺通气20 min(T_(0))、单肺通气30 min(T_(1))、单肺通气1 h(T_(2))时间点进行动脉血气分析,比较两组各时间点氧合指数(OI)水平。比较两组术前及术后24 h中性粒细胞比率、白细胞计数。比较两组术后72 h内肺部并发症发生情况。结果在T_(0)~T_(2)时间点,两组OI均呈下降趋势(P<0.05),且在T_(1)、T_(2)时间点,对照组的OI水平较观察组更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在手术后,两组白细胞计数、中性粒细胞比率较术前显著升高(P<0.05),两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组术后肺部并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(13.79%vs 37.93%;χ^(2)=4.406,P=0.036)。结论对胸腔镜肺部手术患者的术侧肺实施CPAP通气能有效提高患者单肺通气时的氧合,降低术后肺部并发症发生率。

重组人脑利钠肽联合双水平气道正压通气治疗重症AHF患者的疗效及对心功能、血流动力学及抗氧化指标的影响

目的 研究重组人脑利钠肽联合双水平气道正压通气治疗重症急性心力衰竭(AHF)患者的疗效及对心功能、血流动力学及抗氧化指标的影响。方法 对2020年6月至2022年6月上海市浦东新区人民医院收治的107例重症AHF患者的临床急救资料进行回顾性分析。根据急救方法不同将其分为对照组(n=51)和联合组(n=56)。所有患者均进行强心、利尿、抗感染等常规急救措施,对照组采用双水平气道正压通气,联合组采用双水平气道正压通气联合重组人脑利钠肽治疗。统计分析两组治疗前后的临床疗效、治疗前和治疗72 h后的心功能指标[左室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室收缩末期容积(LVESV)、N末端B型利尿钠肽原(NT-proBNP)]、血流动力学指标[心率、平均动脉压(MAP)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))]、抗氧化指标[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)]水平,并记录两组患者的撤机时间及24 h尿量。结果 联合组的临床总有效率为91.07%,明显高于对照组(78.43%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗72 h后,联合组患者LVEF为(55.13±4.45)%,显著高于对照组[(47.96±4.75)%],LVESV、NT-proBNP分别为(53.61±5.45) mL、(1 848.43±209.31) ng/L,均显著低于对照组[(69.14±5.37) mL、(2 731.35±221.57) ng/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗72 h后,联合组患者心率及MAP、PaCO_(2)水平分别为(86.75±10.52)次/min、(89.32±1.25) mmHg、(40.24±3.63) mmHg,均显著低于对照组[(98.18±8.65)次/min、(100.74±2.15) mmHg、(48.02±3.97) mmHg],PaO_(2)水平为(69.37±5.07)mmHg,高于对照组[(59.16±5.34) mmHg],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗72 h后,联合组患者SOD、CAT、GSH-Px水平分别为(558.16±54.35)μg/g、(281.07±45.69)μg/g、(55.34±4.14)U/L,均显著高于对照组[(479.67±55.14)μg/g、(229.81±45.62)μg/g、(41.05±4.91) U/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合组患者撤机时间为(22.31±5.81) h,短于对照组[(29.05±6.63) h],24 h尿量为(1 628.85±138.92) mL,大于对照组[(1 337.95±110.59) mL],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 重组人脑利钠肽联合双水平气道正压通气用于重症AHF衰竭急救临床疗效显著,可有效改善患者心功能、血流动力学及抗氧化指标,对促进钠排泄和缩短撤机时间更为有利。

激素替代疗法联合气道正压通气治疗绝经后女性阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停疗效观察

目的 观察激素替代疗法(HRT)联合气道正压通气(CPAP)治疗绝经后女性阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)的临床效果。方法 选择2022年2月至2023年5月在上海市第八人民医院治疗的100例绝经期女性OSA患者作为研究对象,按随机数表法分为观察组和对照组各50例。对照组患者给予CPAP治疗,观察组患者给予HRT+CPAP治疗。一个疗程为28 d,治疗28 d后常规开展门诊随访。治疗前及治疗28 d后,比较两组患者的睡眠图(PSG)、性激素指标[雌二醇(E2)、孕激素(P)]及生存质量测定简表(WHOQOL-BREF)变化,并比较两组患者对诊疗效果的满意率。结果 治疗后,两组患者的低通气指数、呼吸暂停次数、呼吸紊乱指数、最长呼吸暂停次数均降低,且观察组患者的上述指标分别为(10.27±2.10)次/h、(6.21±1.02)次/h、(26.10±3.28)次/h、(24.28±4.18) s,明显低于对照组的(14.28±2.17)次/h、(9.73±2.10)次/h、(31.29±4.12)次/h、(35.19±3.95) s,而两组患者治疗后的睡眠最低SaO2均升高,且观察组患者的睡眠最低SaO2为(91.31±8.21)%,明显高于对照组的(79.26±7.31)%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组患者的E2、P水平均升高,且观察组患者的E2、P分别为(35.13±2.25) pmol/L、(2.01±0.31)μmol/L,明显高于对照组的(18.93±2.10) pmol/L、(1.66±0.42)μmol/L,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组患者的生理领域、心理领域、社会关系、环境领域评分均升高,且观察组患者的上述评分分别为(16.10±2.31)分、(15.31±2.04)分、(16.28±3.31)分、(16.29±2.12)分,明显高于对照组的(12.28±2.01)分、(12.01±1.94)分、(13.28±2.74)分、(12.88±1.89)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者对诊疗效果的满意率为96.00%,明显高于对照组的82.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 HRT联合CPAP治疗绝经期女性OSA可有效改善睡眠质量、呼吸功能及激素水平,提高患者生存质量及对诊疗效果的满意度。

加热加湿高流量鼻导管通气预防新生儿拔管失败的有效性和安全性的Meta分析

目的 通过Meta分析评价加热加湿高流量鼻导管通气(HHHFNC)与经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)预防新生儿拔管失败的有效性和安全性。方法 检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、OVID、Embase、Web of Science、万方、CNKI等数据库的相关文献,检索时间为各数据库建库至2023年7月31日。纳入并比较HHHFNC与NCPAP两种通气模式预防新生儿疗效指标(治疗失败率、再插管率)、安全性指标(鼻外伤发生率、频繁呼吸暂停发生率)、次要指标[院内病死率、支气管肺发育不良(BPD)、坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)、脑室内出血(IVH)、早产儿视网膜病(ROP)、肺气漏和达到全肠内喂养时间]的随机对照试验(RCT)。结果 共纳入25项RCT。Meta分析结果显示,在疗效方面,两组治疗失败率、再插管率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);在安全性方面,HHHFNC降低鼻外伤发生率、频繁呼吸暂停发生率均优于NCPAP,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组院内病死率、BPD、ROP、IVH发生率和达到全胃肠喂养时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);HHHFNC的NEC发生率和漏气发生率均明显低于NCPAP,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 HHHFNC在预防婴儿拔管失败疗效方面与NCPAP相似,但HHHFNC具有更低的鼻外伤、频繁的呼吸暂停、NEC和肺气漏发生率,安全性较高,可推荐HHHFNC作为预防新生儿拔管失败的首选无创通气模式。