Normalization method for asphalt mixture fatigue equation under different loading frequencies

In order to analyze the effect of different loading frequencies on the fatigue performance for asphalt mixture,the changing law of asphalt mixture strengths with loading speed was revealed by strength tests under different loading speeds.Fatigue equations of asphalt mixtures based on the nominal stress ratio and real stress ratio were established using fatigue tests under different loading frequencies.It was revealed that the strength of the asphalt mixture is affected by the loading speed greatly.It was also discovered that the fatigue equation based on the nominal stress ratio will change with the change of the fatigue loading speed.There is no uniqueness.But the fatigue equation based on the real stress ratio doesn't change with the loading frequency.It has the uniqueness.The results indicate the fatigue equation based on the real stress ratio can realize the normalization of the asphalt mixture fatigue equation under different loading frequencies.It can greatly benefit the analysis of the fatigue characteristics under different vehicle speeds for asphalt pavement.

Fatigue Defect of Layer Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete

An experimental study is carried out on fatigue defect of layer steel fiber reinforced concrete (LSFRC). Based on experimental data,the various relation curves are given corresponding to different stress levels 0.9, 0.85, and 0.8. Furthermore, the fatigue defect degree is defined, and the strain cycle ratio equations and defect cycle ratio equations with the correlation coefficients very close to 1, are regressed in terms of the cubic polynomial,of which the fittings are preferable.In addition,the results show that the fatigue defect of LSFRC presents three phase development regularity too.And in comparison with the plain concrete,the third phase of the fatigue defect of LSFRC is longer, therefore the fatigue failure of LSFRC is more ductile.The mechanism of the fatigue defect is discussed too.

Fatigue Life Estimation of an Elastomeric Pad by ε-N Curve and FEA

Failure analysis and fatigue life prediction are very important in the design procedure to assure the safety and reliability of rubber components. The fatigue life of a railway elastomeric pad is predicted by combining the test of material properties and finite element analysis (FEA). The specially developed chloroprene rubber material’s fatigue life equation is acquired based on uniaxial tensile test and fatigue life tests performed on the dumbbell specimens of the chloroprene rubber. The same chloroprene rubber was developed at Indian Rubber Manufacturer’s Research Association, Thane. The strain distribution contours and the maximum total principal strains of the elastomeric pad at different compressive loads are obtained using finite element analysis method. The software used for the FEA was ANSYS. The three parameter nonlinear hyperelastic Mooney-Rivlin Model and plane 182 elements were used for finite element analysis. The critical region cracks prone to arise are obtained and analysed. Then the maximum first principal elastic strain was used as the fatigue damage parameter, which is substituted in the chloroprene rubber’s fatigue life equation, to predict the fatigue life of an elastomeric pad in the number of cycles at different compressive loads. The results were compared with the technical requirements given by Indian Railway’s Research Designs and Standards Organization. These requirements were achieved up to certain extents. The results were also compared with the data available in the literature and a similarity was observed between the results acquired and literature data. In short, the proposed fatigue life prediction method can shorten the product design cycle, decrease the design and product cost remarkably and improve the quality of an elastomeric pad.

Bi-variable damage model for fatigue life prediction of metal components

Based on the theory of continuum damage mechanics,a bi-variable damage mechanics model is developed,which,according to thermodynamics,is accessible to derivation of damage driving force,damage evolution equation and damage evolution criteria. Furthermore,damage evolution equations of time rate are established by the generalized Drucker＇s postulate. The damage evolution equation of cycle rate is obtained by integrating the time damage evolution equations,and the fatigue life prediction method for smooth specimens under repeated loading with constant strain amplitude is constructed. Likewise,for notched specimens under the repeated loading with constant strain amplitude,the fatigue life prediction method is obtained on the ground of the theory of conservative integral in damage mechanics. Thus,the material parameters in the damage evolution equation can be obtained by reference to the fatigue test results of standard specimens with stress concentration factor equal to 1,2 and 3.

A NEW CYCLIC J-INTEGRAL FOR LOW-CYCLE FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH

The constitutive equation under the low-cycle fatigue （LCF） was discussed, and a two-dimensional （2-D） model for simulating fatigue crack extension was put forward in order to propose a new cyclic J-integral. The definition, primary characteristics, physical interpretations and numerical evaluation of the new parameter were investigated in detail. Moreover, the new cyclic J-integral for LCF behaviors was validated by the compact tension （CT） specimens. Results show that the calculated values of the new parameter can correlate well with LCF crack growth rate, during constant-amplitude loading. In addition, the phenomenon of fatigue retardation was explained through the viewpoint of energy based on the concept of the new parameter.

NONEQUILIBRIUM STATISTICAL FOUNDATION OF FATIGUE FRACTURE

The physical foundation of statistical law of fatigue fracture is discussed. The universal forms of the microcrack growth rate, fluctuation growth coefficient and distribution function and fatigue life distribution function have been given.

Modified Coffin-Manson equation to predict the fatigue life of structural materials subjected to mechanical-thermal coupling non-coaxial loading

With regard to the structures subjected to severe mechanical-thermal coupling fatigue conditions,the consistency between service conditions and loading conditions was the prerequisite for the fatigue prop-erties test and fatigue life prediction.A miniature piezoelectric-driven instrument integrating with a tripodal piezoelectric actuator and envelope-type heating function was developed to investigate the mechanical-thermal coupling fatigue properties and obtain the fatigue life of materials under approximate service conditions.A physical model was described to quantitatively calculate the alternating deformation under the mechanical-thermal coupling tensile-bending combined condition.Accordingly,a fatigue life prediction method based on the Coffin-Manson equation under tensile-bending combined loading was proposed to estimate the mechanical-thermal coupling fatigue life in terms of the total coupling defor-mation and plastic strain amplitude.The feasibility of the proposed instrument was verified through the analysis of displacement responses of high entropy alloy specimens under the thermal-mechanical cou-pling tensile-bending combined condition at temperatures ranging from RT to 600°C.The comparison between fatigue lives directly measured through thermal-mechanical coupling experiments and theoreti-cally predicted fatigue lives indicated the availability of the modified Coffin-Manson equation.

废弃橡胶粉对水泥稳定碎石抗疲劳性能的影响

为了消除水泥稳定碎石基层因疲劳损伤产生的裂缝,采用三分点加载方法系统研究了不同废弃橡胶粉掺量下水泥稳定碎石的疲劳性能,运用三点弯曲梁法表征了掺加废弃橡胶粉的水泥稳定碎石抗疲劳机理.结果表明:掺加10、20 kg/m^(3)废弃橡胶粉的水泥稳定碎石疲劳寿命优于基准组水泥稳定碎石;当废弃橡胶粉掺量为10、20 kg/m^(3)时水泥稳定碎石的起裂韧度是基准组的1.49、2.58倍,失稳韧度是基准组的1.30、2.21倍,断裂能也较大,抗疲劳性能显著;当废弃橡胶粉掺量为30 kg/m^(3)时,水泥稳定碎石的抗疲劳性能并没有提高,这可能与废弃橡胶粉掺量过大导致弯拉强度降低有关.

台风作用下轻钢屋面自攻钉节点的静力-疲劳统一设计模型

对已受疲劳损伤的V125型屋面板自攻钉节点进行静力拉伸试验,获得该类节点在不同幅值疲劳加载作用后的剩余承载力,并分析其在受静载作用下的损伤演化过程,提出了风致疲劳作用下的承载力折减及退化系数计算方法,建立了静力-疲劳统一设计模型.根据实验结果,推导拟合了风速与风致疲劳折减系数的相关关系.根据我国沿海11个城市的台风风速概率信息,给出了适用于相应城市的V125型自攻钉节点的静力-疲劳承载力退化模型.结果表明:V125型自攻钉节点的疲劳极限为其静力极限承载力的20%;在风致疲劳作用下,中国台北的轻钢屋面自攻钉节点的疲劳损伤折减系数最大,上海地区自攻钉节点的疲劳损伤折减系数最小.

脉动疲劳加载下振动信号的建模及损伤演化

围绕脉动加载下的疲劳损伤演化,基于振动信号的测量数据,应用非线性常微分方程建立周期振动信号的参数化建模与损伤演化检测方法。采用多项式逼近非线性函数的策略,给出非线性常微分方程模型的最小二乘辨识方法;针对测量数据中的噪声导致参数估计偏差的问题,采用谱分析算法剔除数据中的噪声干扰;基于辨识得到的非线性常微分方程模型,建立疲劳损伤的非线性特征参数;通过脉动疲劳试验,验证了所提出方法的有效性。

考虑Miner线性累计损伤的卷绕头疲劳寿命预测

纺织机卷绕头长期振动会产生零件损伤,这种振动损伤会形成线性积累,当前方法对卷绕头的疲劳损伤以固定阈值为主,未考虑损伤积累问题,所以难以准确预测卷绕头的疲劳寿命。因此提出基于Miner线性累计损伤的纺织机卷绕头疲劳寿命预测方法。分析纺织卷绕头的主要结构,并从轴段单元、刚性盘、机匣、支承部件四方面出发,构建卷绕头整体的动力学方程。构建振动方程明确卷绕头的振动受力,结合Miner线性累计损伤理论,构建高速卷绕头的疲劳寿命预测函数,完成纺织机卷绕头疲劳寿命的预测。实验结果表明:这种估计方法的疲劳强度损失值与实际值更为接近,振动位移分析结果更加精准,且疲劳寿命预测误差降低,平均误差仅为1.475%。

环境应力影响下球栅阵列封装焊球仿真分析与力学性能研究

高密度、高性能集成电路主要封装技术采用球栅阵列封装(ball grid array,BGA),其高密度Sn-Pb焊球在极端高、低温及湿热环境的影响下可靠性无法保证。为解决温度变化产生的热膨胀问题,笔者通过有限元仿真计算BGA电路中焊球在高、低温交替循环应力下瞬态黏塑性应变范围,并采用改进的Coffin-Manson经验方程计算器件在温度循环试验下的热疲劳寿命;此外,进一步采用准静态剪切和拉脱试验分析分别经过温度循环及高压蒸煮环境试验后焊球的力学性能,同时采用扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscopy,SEM)和能谱分析仪(energy dispersive spectroscopy,EDS)对焊球切面进行分析。研究表明:焊球在温度循环试验下具有较长的疲劳寿命,在不考虑焊球导电与连接性能的前提下,适当环境应力的影响可促使焊球与焊盘界面区域金属间化合物的生成,有效增强了焊球的剪切力学性能。

基于响应面法的正交异性钢桥面板优化设计研究

为了综合提高正交异性钢桥面板的抗疲劳性能和经济性,以顶板厚度、U肋厚度、横隔板厚度为设计参数,以U肋角焊缝最大拉应力、弧形开孔最大压应力、U肋嵌补段最大拉应力、单位长度用钢量为目标响应,开展了正交异性钢桥面板优化设计研究。基于有限元仿真,确定了不同疲劳易损部位的最不利荷载位置,通过Box-Behnken试验设计方法开展了多参数仿真分析,通过F检验法分析了设计参数对目标响应的影响显著性水平,提出了目标响应简化非线性响应面拟合方程。最后构造了多目标优化期望函数,对目标响应进行了组合优化。结果表明:优化结果相比于原设计值,结构最大应力指标下降27.2%,单位长度用钢量下降18.4%,抗疲劳性能与经济性显著提升。

Distribution Function of the Blow up Time of the Solution of an Anticipating Random Fatigue Equation

In this paper,we study the distribution function of the time of explosion of a stochastic differential equation modeling the length of the dominant crack due to fatigue.The main novelty is that initial condition is regarded as an anticipating random variable and the stochastic integral is in the forward sense.Under suitable conditions,we use the substitution formula from Russo and Vallois to find the local solution of this equation.Then,we find the law of blow up time by proving some results on barrier crossing probabilities of Brownian bridge.

聚丙烯纤维混凝土单轴受压疲劳寿命分析

为研究聚丙烯纤维混凝土(PFRC)单轴受压疲劳寿命,考虑聚丙烯纤维的长径比和体积分数两种因素,共制作180个试块,考察聚丙烯纤维混凝土的疲劳破坏形态,阐明变形规律,建立疲劳强度和疲劳寿命方程.研究表明,聚丙烯纤维混凝土疲劳破坏形态分为劈裂破坏、楔形破坏和剪切破坏三种,试块的破坏断面上可以分为疲劳源区、疲劳裂缝稳定扩展区和瞬时断裂区三个区域;在聚丙烯纤维长径比为280、体积分数为0.2%时疲劳性能提升最明显,疲劳强度相较于素混凝土提高33.83%;建立了含纤维特征参数的疲劳方程,可以较好地描述疲劳应力水平、疲劳寿命、失效概率、纤维特征参数之间的关系,为工程中承受重复动荷载的聚丙烯纤维混凝土结构设计及分析提供相应的依据.

玄武岩纤维再生混凝土冻融后的弯曲疲劳特性

基于中国北方地区气候特点及混凝土路面的受力特征,研究冻融损伤对玄武岩纤维再生混凝土(BFRC)弯曲疲劳特性的影响。首先对BFRC采用快冻法进行冻融循环试验,研究BFRC的冻融损伤形貌、质量、相对动弹性模量和相对抗折强度的变化;然后针对经历不同冻融循环次数后BFRC的弯曲疲劳特性进行了试验研究,分析了冻融循环次数与应力水平对BFRC疲劳寿命的影响规律;最后基于两参数Weibull分布理论对BFRC的疲劳寿命进行分析,预测了不同失效概率下的疲劳寿命并建立了失效概率为0.05和0.5下的双对数疲劳方程。结果表明:随着冻融循环次数的增加,试件表面损伤程度和质量损失率逐渐增大,相对动弹性模量和相对抗折强度逐渐下降,当冻融循环达到225次时,BFRC的相对动弹性模量和相对抗折强度与冻融循环前相比分别下降了12.4%和35.1%;随着冻融循环次数和应力水平的增加,弯曲疲劳寿命逐渐减小;BFRC经冻融循环后的弯曲疲劳寿命服从两参数Weibull分布,失效概率为0.5的预测疲劳寿命与试验所得平均疲劳寿命十分接近;建立的双对数疲劳方程能较好地反映冻融后BFRC应力水平S与疲劳寿命N之间的关系,研究成果为BFRC在路面结构中的安全应用提供可靠依据。

建筑钢材焊接节点在热损伤下的疲劳性能研究

为了避免热损伤降低建筑钢材焊接节点的疲劳性能,提出建筑钢材焊接节点在热损伤下的疲劳性能研究方法。该方法首先分析了建筑钢材焊接节点的热损伤过程,以此为依据建立建筑钢材焊接节点的热损伤演化方程;其次,设置3个焊接节点,在热损伤下对焊接节点的应变、骨架位移和强度退化程度展开分析,研究热损伤对建筑钢材焊接节点疲劳性能产生的影响。研究结果表明,焊接节点的强度退化程度随着加载位移的增加而增大,在疲劳荷载作用下,焊接节点累积的热损伤越来越多,焊接节点的强度逐渐退化,导致节点出现裂缝,焊接节点的裂缝在反复疲劳荷载作用下逐渐扩大,节点刚度退化。

疲劳中介效应下矿工心理因素对不安全行为的影响

为明确矿工不安全行为影响因素及其作用机制,防止不安全行为和事故发生,研究了疲劳中介效应下的矿工心理因素对不安全行为的影响。从心理学角度,归纳分析影响矿工不安全行为的心理因素,以矿工疲劳反应为中介,提出心理因素、疲劳反应、不安全行为3方面的关系假设并构建结构方程模型;采用群体抽样方法,对陕西2家煤矿矿工进行问卷调研;将所收集的有效问卷通过SPSS 26.0软件,进行信度和效度检验;最后通过AMOS 24.0软件对所建模型进行统计分析。结果表明:矿工心理因素(个人性格、心理素质、工作时的注意力和工作态度)均负向影响作业过程中产生的疲劳反应和不安全行为,其中工作时的注意力对矿工疲劳反应的影响以及个人心理素质对矿工不安全行为的影响,显著度均是最大的;矿工作业过程中产生的疲劳反应正向影响其不安全行为;矿工心理因素与不安全行为之间存在2种影响途径,一是心理因素通过引起作业中的疲劳反应进而引起不安全行为,二是心理因素直接引起不安全行为。

癌因性疲乏在胃肠肿瘤术后患者睡眠与认知功能间的中介效应分析

目的探讨癌因性疲乏在胃肠肿瘤术后患者睡眠和认知功能间的中介效应。方法选取314例胃肠肿瘤术后患者作为研究对象,通过癌因性疲乏量表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表和癌症治疗功能评估-认知功能量表分别评估患者的癌因性疲乏评分、睡眠评分和认知功能评分。采用Pearson相关分析探讨癌因性疲乏、睡眠、认知功能的相互关系,采用极大似然法构建结构方程模型并加以验证,分析癌因性疲乏对睡眠和认知功能的中介效应。结果胃肠肿瘤术后患者的癌因性疲乏评分为(10.07±6.69)分,睡眠评分为(7.46±3.99)分,认知功能评分为(97.13±25.40)分。相关性分析结果显示,癌因性疲乏评分与睡眠评分呈正相关(r=0.308,P<0.001),与认知功能评分呈负相关(r=-0.432,P<0.001);睡眠评分与认知功能评分呈负相关(r=-0.269,P<0.001)。中介效应检验结果显示,癌因性疲乏在睡眠与认知功能间起部分中介效果(解释变异量比率为22.44%)。结论癌因性疲乏、睡眠、认知功能三者关系密切,睡眠可直接或间接通过癌因性疲乏影响认知功能。临床医护人员应重视胃肠肿瘤术后患者的睡眠情况和疲乏状态,以降低认知功能障碍的发生率。

钢-聚丙烯混杂纤维混凝土等幅受压疲劳变形

对钢-聚丙烯混杂纤维混凝土(HFRC)开展单轴等幅循环受压疲劳变形试验,以探究应力水平对HFRC疲劳破坏形态、疲劳应力-应变曲线、疲劳耗能能力以及极限疲劳变形的影响规律.结果表明:HFRC的疲劳破坏形态为剪切破坏,具有延性破坏特征;HFRC的疲劳累积耗能和极限疲劳变形随着应力水平的降低而增加;建立了考虑存活率的HFRC应力水平-极限疲劳变形方程,能够定量描述HFRC在任意疲劳荷载作用下的极限变形.