This paper is to review the theory of thin-walled beam structures of the open cross-section. There is scant information on the performance of structures made from thin-walled beam elements, particularly those of open ...This paper is to review the theory of thin-walled beam structures of the open cross-section. There is scant information on the performance of structures made from thin-walled beam elements, particularly those of open sections, where the behavior is considerably complicated by the coupling of tensile, bending and torsional loading modes. In the combined loading theory of thin-walled structures, it is useful to mention that for a thin-walled beam, the value of direct stress at a point on the cross-section depends on its position, the geometrical properties of the cross-section and the applied loading. This applies whether the thin-walled section is closed or open but this study will be directed primarily at the latter. Theoretical analyses of structures are fairly well established, considered in multi-various applications by many scientists. However, due to the present interest in lightweight structures, it is necessary to specify where the present theory lies. It does not, for example, deal with compression and the consequent failure modes under global and local buckling. Indeed, with the inclusion of strut buckling failure and any other unforeseen collapse modes, the need was perceived for further research into the subject. Presently, a survey of the published works has shown in the following: 1) The assumptions used in deriving the underlying theory of thin-walled beams are not clearly stated or easily understood;2) The transformations of a load system from arbitrary axis to those at the relevant centre of rotation are incomplete. Thus, an incorrect stress distribution may result in;3) Several methods are found in the recent literature for analyzing the behaviour of thin-walled open section beams under combined loading. These reveal the need appears for further study upon their torsion/flexural behaviour when referred to any arbitrary axis, a common case found in practice. This review covers the following areas: 1) Refinement to existing theory to clarify those observations made in 1 - 3 above;2) Derivation of a general elastic stiffness matrix for combined loading;3) Calculation of the stress distribution on the cross-section of a thin-walled beam. A general transformation matrix that accounts for a load system applied at an arbitrary point on the cross-section will be published in a future paper.展开更多
针对水电机组振动信号存在非平稳和非线性,提出一种结合IMF能量矩和双向长短期记忆神经网络(bidirection long short term memory neural network,BiLSTMNN)的故障诊断方法。首先采用互补集合经验模态分解(complementary ensemble empir...针对水电机组振动信号存在非平稳和非线性,提出一种结合IMF能量矩和双向长短期记忆神经网络(bidirection long short term memory neural network,BiLSTMNN)的故障诊断方法。首先采用互补集合经验模态分解(complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition,CEEMD)方法对正常和故障振动信号样本进行处理,得到频率各异的本征模态函数(intrinsic mode functions,IMF)和剩余分量。然后计算IMF能量矩,并将其作为故障特征。进一步,将故障特征作为输入、故障类别作为输出,训练BiLSTMNN得到水电机组故障识别器。结合故障识别器和实时振动信号IMF能量矩特征,即可识别水电机组运行状态为正常或具体故障类型。最后,结合转子实验台数据和实际电站机组样本数据,设计对比实验,验证了所提方法在挖掘信号特征方面的有效性及较高的故障诊断准确率。展开更多
文摘This paper is to review the theory of thin-walled beam structures of the open cross-section. There is scant information on the performance of structures made from thin-walled beam elements, particularly those of open sections, where the behavior is considerably complicated by the coupling of tensile, bending and torsional loading modes. In the combined loading theory of thin-walled structures, it is useful to mention that for a thin-walled beam, the value of direct stress at a point on the cross-section depends on its position, the geometrical properties of the cross-section and the applied loading. This applies whether the thin-walled section is closed or open but this study will be directed primarily at the latter. Theoretical analyses of structures are fairly well established, considered in multi-various applications by many scientists. However, due to the present interest in lightweight structures, it is necessary to specify where the present theory lies. It does not, for example, deal with compression and the consequent failure modes under global and local buckling. Indeed, with the inclusion of strut buckling failure and any other unforeseen collapse modes, the need was perceived for further research into the subject. Presently, a survey of the published works has shown in the following: 1) The assumptions used in deriving the underlying theory of thin-walled beams are not clearly stated or easily understood;2) The transformations of a load system from arbitrary axis to those at the relevant centre of rotation are incomplete. Thus, an incorrect stress distribution may result in;3) Several methods are found in the recent literature for analyzing the behaviour of thin-walled open section beams under combined loading. These reveal the need appears for further study upon their torsion/flexural behaviour when referred to any arbitrary axis, a common case found in practice. This review covers the following areas: 1) Refinement to existing theory to clarify those observations made in 1 - 3 above;2) Derivation of a general elastic stiffness matrix for combined loading;3) Calculation of the stress distribution on the cross-section of a thin-walled beam. A general transformation matrix that accounts for a load system applied at an arbitrary point on the cross-section will be published in a future paper.
文摘针对水电机组振动信号存在非平稳和非线性,提出一种结合IMF能量矩和双向长短期记忆神经网络(bidirection long short term memory neural network,BiLSTMNN)的故障诊断方法。首先采用互补集合经验模态分解(complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition,CEEMD)方法对正常和故障振动信号样本进行处理,得到频率各异的本征模态函数(intrinsic mode functions,IMF)和剩余分量。然后计算IMF能量矩,并将其作为故障特征。进一步,将故障特征作为输入、故障类别作为输出,训练BiLSTMNN得到水电机组故障识别器。结合故障识别器和实时振动信号IMF能量矩特征,即可识别水电机组运行状态为正常或具体故障类型。最后,结合转子实验台数据和实际电站机组样本数据,设计对比实验,验证了所提方法在挖掘信号特征方面的有效性及较高的故障诊断准确率。
