BnaC03.BIN2 regulates plant height by affecting the main inflorescence length and first effective branch height in Brassica napus L.

Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)is one of the main oil crops in the world,and increasing its yield is of great significance for ensuring the safety of edible oil.Presently,improving rapeseed plant architecture is an effective way to increase rapeseed yield with higher planting density.However,the regulatory mechanism of rapeseed plant architecture is poorly understood.In this study,a dwarf rapeseed mutant dwarf08(df08)is obtained by ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)-mutagenesis.The decrease in plant height of df08 is mainly caused by the reduction in main inflorescence length and first effective branch height and controlled by a single semi-dominant gene.The hybrid plants(F1)show a semi-dwarf phenotype.Through map-based cloning and transgenic assay,we confirm that the nonsynonymous single nucleotide variant(SNV)(C to T)in BnaC03.BIN2,which is homologous with Arabidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana)BIN2,is responsible for the dwarfism of df08.BnaC03.BIN2 interacts with BnaBZR1/BES1 and involves in brassinosteroids(BRs)signal transduction.Proline to Leucine substitution in 284(P284L)enhances the protein stability of BnaC03.bin2-D,disrupts BRs signal transduction and affects the expression of genes regulating cell division,leading to dwarfism of df08.This study provides a new insight for the mechanism of rapeseed plant height regulation and creates an elite germplasm that can be used for genetic improvement of rapeseed architecture.

Comparison of a Spectral Bin and Two Multi-Moment Bulk Microphysics Schemes for Supercell Simulation:Investigation into Key Processes Responsible for Hydrometeor Distributions and Precipitation

There are more uncertainties with ice hydrometeor representations and related processes than liquid hydrometeors within microphysics parameterization(MP)schemes because of their complicated geometries and physical properties.Idealized supercell simulations are produced using the WRF model coupled with“full”Hebrew University spectral bin MP(HU-SBM),and NSSL and Thompson bulk MP(BMP)schemes.HU-SBM downdrafts are typically weaker than those of the NSSL and Thompson simulations,accompanied by less rain evaporation.HU-SBM produces more cloud ice(plates),graupel,and hail than the BMPs,yet precipitates less at the surface.The limiting mass bins(and subsequently,particle size)of rimed ice in HU-SBM and slower rimed ice fall speeds lead to smaller melting-level net rimed ice fluxes than those of the BMPs.Aggregation from plates in HU-SBM,together with snow–graupel collisions,leads to a greater snow contribution to rain than those of the BMPs.Replacing HU-SBM’s fall speeds using the formulations of the BMPs after aggregating the discrete bin values to mass mixing ratios and total number concentrations increases net rain and rimed ice fluxes.Still,they are smaller in magnitude than bulk rain,NSSL hail,and Thompson graupel net fluxes near the surface.Conversely,the melting-layer net rimed ice fluxes are reduced when the fall speeds for the NSSL and Thompson simulations are calculated using HU-SBM fall speed formulations after discretizing the bulk particle size distributions(PSDs)into spectral bins.The results highlight precipitation sensitivity to storm dynamics,fall speed,hydrometeor evolution governed by process rates,and MP PSD design.

The efficiency and safety evaluation of hemoglobin hydrolysate as a non-heme iron fortifier

Hemoglobin hydrolysate is derived from the enzymatic degradation of hemoglobin.This work aimed to evaluate whether hemoglobin hydrolysate promotes the absorption of non-heme iron and the safety of absorbed iron in mice by analyzing the iron binding content,iron circulation,and liver homeostasis.We found that hemoglobin hydrolysate promoted the absorption of non-heme iron with high efficiency in duodenum by spontaneously binding non-heme iron during digestion,and increased hepatic iron content by up-regulating divalent metal transporter 1,zinc transporter 14,but hepatic iron content only increased at 3 weeks.Duodenal iron entered the blood through ferroportin without restriction at 3 weeks,and excessive iron entered the liver and then affected the hepatocyte membranes permeability and lipid synthesis through oxidative stress.With the prolongation of dietary intervention,the up-regulated hepcidin acted on the ferroportin to restrict excess iron from entering the blood,and then the hepatic homeostasis recovered.In addition,hemoglobin hydrolysate enhanced the hepatic antioxidant capacity.Taken together,hemoglobin hydrolysate has a strong ability to promote the absorption of non-heme iron in vivo,and the absorbed iron is relatively safe due to the regulation of hepcidin.

利用高密度Bin遗传图谱定位水稻抽穗期QTL

挖掘新的控制水稻抽穗期相关位点和候选基因,对抽穗期的遗传机制研究和品种改良具有重要的意义。利用抽穗期存在明显差异的粳稻TD70和籼稻Kasalath杂交衍生的包含186个家系的重组自交系群体,构建了基于深度重测序的高密度Bin遗传图谱,图谱共包含12,328个Bin标记。RIL群体及亲本2018年和2021年正季种植于江苏省南京市江苏省农业科学院。以家系从播种到抽穗所经历的天数作为抽穗期表型值,使用IciMapping软件3.4版的完备区间作图法,对控制水稻抽穗期的QTL进行鉴定。2年共检测到15个抽穗期的QTL,分布在3号、6号、7号、8号、10号和12号染色体上,LOD值为2.58~10.68,其中7个QTL和已知抽穗期QTL的位置存在重叠或者部分重叠。共有4个QTL在2年均检测到,表现出较强的稳定性。对2年重复鉴定到的4个QTL区间进行基因功能注释和亲本间序列分析,共发现7个注释有功能,且在2个亲本间编码区存在非同义突变的基因。根据候选基因SNP的类型对RIL群体家系进行基因等位型分类和效应分析,发现4个基因其不同等位型的RIL家系在抽穗期上存在显著或者极显著差异,推测可能为候选基因,可用于后续水稻抽穗期的分子机制研究。

Numerical Simulation of Macro-and Micro-structures of Intense Convective Clouds with a Spectral Bin Microphysics Model

By use of a three-dimensional compressible non-hydrostatic convective cloud model with detailed microphysics featuring spectral bins of cloud condensation nuclei （CCN）, liquid droplets, ice crystals, snow and graupel particles, the spatial and temporal distributions of hydrometeors in a supercell observed by the （Severe Thunderstorm Electrification and Precipitation Study） STEPS triple-radar network are simulated and analyzed. The bin model is also employed to study the effect of CCN concentration on the evolution characteristics of the supercell. It is found that the CCN concentration not only affects the concentration and spectral distribution of water droplets, but also influences the characteristics of ice crystals and graupel particles. With a larger number of CCN, more water droplets and ice crystals are produced and the growth of graupel is restrained. With a small quantity of CCN the production of large size water droplets are promoted by initially small concentrations of water droplets and ice crystals, leading to earlier formation of small size graupel and restraining the recycling growth of graupel, and thus inhibiting the formation of large size graupel （or small size hail）. It can be concluded that both the macroscopic airflow and microphysical processes influence the formation and growth of large size graupel （or small size hail）. In regions with heavy pollution, a high concentration of CCN may restrain the formation of graupel and hail, and in extremely clean regions, excessively low concentrations of CCN may also limit the formation of large size graupel （hail）.

丝瓜高密度bin标记遗传图谱构建与果长QTL定位

为探究丝瓜高密度遗传图谱构建、挖掘果长变异遗传位点,以果长差异显著的有棱丝瓜自交系盛优长丝瓜和普通丝瓜自交系苹果丝瓜为亲本,构建包含67个植株的BC 1群体,利用全基因组重测序进行bin标记基因分型并构建丝瓜高密度种间遗传图谱。该图谱总共包含9299个bin标记,分布于14个连锁群上,总遗传距离为2956.57 cM(约覆盖普通丝瓜80.47%基因组区域),平均遗传距离为0.32 cM。结合该遗传图谱,运用MapQTL 6软件中MQM模型进行丝瓜果长QTL检测,在连锁群Scaf 1的标记scaf1-bin33(19.76 cM)和scaf1-bin359(92.84 cM)之间定位到1个丝瓜果长性状的QTL位点qFL1.1,其LOD值为4.21,贡献率为28.90%,加性效应为6.04。研究结果为基于丝瓜种间遗传图谱的性状遗传挖掘提供理论依据。

Green Fluorescent Protein Recombinant Nisin as a Probe for Detection of Gram-Positive Bacteria

A great amount of foodborne pathogens were Gram-positive (G+) bacteria, a threat to public health. In this study, considering the binding ability of nisin towards G+ bacteria and the stable fluorescent ability of EGFP protein, a fluorescent nisin–EGFP protein probe was constructed by a gene engineering method. Nisin and EGFP were used as the receptor and fluorophore, respectively, to detect G+ bacteria. The nisin and egfp gene were amplified separately according to the sequence published in GenBank using unique primers. The two genes were cloned into a pET-28b(+) vector resulting in a pET-28b(+)–nisin–egfp vector. The vector was transferred into Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL21 (DE3) for expression. The expressed protein was extracted, purified by a Ni–NTA column, and then tested by the SDS-PAGE method to confirm its molecular weight. Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Micrococcus luteus (M. luteus) were used as the representations of G+ bacteria. E. coli O157, representing the gram-negative (G−) bacteria, was used as a negative control. The binding specificity of the recombinant protein was performed on two types of bacteria and then detected through fluorescent microscopy. The results indicated that the nisin–EGFP probe could detect G+ bacteria at 108CFU/mL. © 2017, Tianjin University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

A novel blind deconvolution algorithm using single frequency bin

Former frequency-domain blind devolution algorithms need to consider a large number of frequency bins and recover the sources in different orders and with different amplitudes in each frequency bin,so they suffer from permutation and amplitude indeterminacy troubles. Based on sliding discrete Fourier transform,the presented deconvolution algorithm can directly recover time-domain sources from frequency-domain convolutive model using single frequency bin. It only needs to execute blind sepa-ration of instantaneous mixture once there are no permutation and amplitude indeterminacy troubles. Compared with former algorithms,the algorithm greatly reduces the computation cost as only one frequency bin is considered. Its good and robust per-formance is demonstrated by simulations when the signal-to-noise-ratio is high.

Idealized numerical simulation experiment of ice seeding in convective clouds using a bin microphysics scheme

A 2D axisymmetric bin model is used to conduct idealized numerical experiments of cloud seeding.The simulations are performed for two clouds that differ in their initial wind shear.Results show that,although cloud seeding with an ice concentration of 1000 Lin a regime that has relatively high supercooled liquid water can obtain a positive effect,the rainfall enhancement seems more pronounced when the cloud develops in a wind shear environment.In no-shear environment,the change in the microphysical thermodynamic field after seeding shows that,although more graupel is produced via riming and this can increase the surface rainfall intensity,the larger drag force and cooling of melting graupel is unfavorable for the development of cloud.On the contrary,when the cloud develops in a wind shear environment,since the main downdraft is behind the direction of movement of the cloud,its negative effect on precipitation is much weaker.

像素binning技术在高速弱点目标探测中的应用研究

弱点目标探测系统要求系统具备高的探测灵敏度和高空间分辨率,实现弱点目标的稳定探测、目标的精准定位以及多目标伴飞时的精细分辨。光电跟瞄系统一般分为目标捕获和目标跟踪两个阶段。在目标捕获阶段,由于速度估计偏差,目标高速飞行的同时,若采用长积分时间进行探测,易出现目标能量跨像元的现象,难以实现目标探测信噪比的提升。为了解决目标高速运动导致的探测灵敏度降低的问题,本文提出了一种基于滑窗像素binning的高速弱点目标探测跟踪技术。像素binning模式提高了初始捕获阶段的探测灵敏度和探测稳定性,当跟瞄系统完成目标的稳定跟踪时,可以采用长积分时间和高分辨率模式完成目标的高灵敏度和高分辨率探测。本文对像素binning模式的信噪比增强效果进行了分析。分析表明,像素binning模式有利于提高高速弱点目标探测的信噪比和探测稳定性。

Bounded space algorithms for variant of variable-sized bin packing

Given a list of items and a sequence of variable-sized bins arriving one by one, it is NP-hard to pack the items into the bin list with a goal to minimize the total size of bins from the earliest one to the last used. In this paper a set of approximation algorithms is presented for cases in which the ability to preview at most k（〉=2） arriving bins is given. With the essential assumption that all bin sizes are not less than the largest item size, analytical results show the asymptotic worst case ratios of all k-bounded space and offiine algorithms are 2. Based on experiments by applying algorithms to instances in which item sizes and bin sizes are drawn independently from the continuous uniform distribution respectively in the interval [0,u] and [u,l ], averagecase experimental results show that, with fixed k, algorithms with the Best Fit packing（closing） rule are statistically better than those with the First Fit packing（closing） rule.

西华师范大学50BiN双筒望远镜与疏散星团时域观测研究

随着我国经济与科技水平的腾飞,天文和空间科学成为了基础领域发展的重要方向。西华师范大学根据自身的需求和已经具备的基础,一直着力于发展有观测支撑的天文学科。通过与国内科研机构和高校开展合作的方式培养研究生,并引进人才发展本校相关学科,为本校涉足天文学研究奠定了基础。2010年,学校批复了当时物理学科的建设方案,利用国际恒星观测网络组(SONG)项目筹建中国节点的契机,决定与中国科学院国家天文台合作,建设西华师范大学观测设施,即50厘米双筒望远镜(50Bi N),作为中国SONG项目星震学研究的测光子系统。项目初期在紫金山天文台青海观测站建成投运,其间设备运行稳定。但德令哈的观测条件因城市的发展限制了系统的科学能力。在青海冷湖台址勘定完成后,项目随SONG的观测设施一起,于2020年迁往新址,50Bi N完成了冷湖天文观测基地的首光观测,验证了台址优秀的视宁度测量结果。本文将对该设备的科学目标和发展历程,及取得的科学成果进行一个全面的回顾,为其他高等院校发展基于观测设施的天文学科提供参考。

A combined 2D and 3D numerical modeling approach to provide adequate roof support in complex 3D excavations

Traditional methods for assessing effective roof support can be difficult to apply to complex three-dimensional excavations. Through worked examples,the approach of combined two-dimensional and three-dimensional numerical modeling has been shown to be successful in understanding mechanisms of rock failure for unique excavation geometries and geotechnical properties and,in turn,provides adequate roof support recommendations for complex three-dimensional excavations in Australian coal mines. An interactive approach of monitoring and model review during the excavation process is an important part of model support recommendations to ensure rock failure and deformation in the model are representative of actual conditions,to provide effective and practical controls.

Parameterization and Explicit Modeling of Cloud Microphysics:Approaches, Challenges, and Future Directions

Cloud microphysical processes occur at the smallest end of scales among cloud-related processes and thus must be parameterized not only in large-scale global circulation models(GCMs)but also in various higher-resolution limited-area models such as cloud-resolving models(CRMs)and large-eddy simulation(LES)models.Instead of giving a comprehensive review of existing microphysical parameterizations that have been developed over the years,this study concentrates purposely on several topics that we believe are understudied but hold great potential for further advancing bulk microphysics parameterizations:multi-moment bulk microphysics parameterizations and the role of the spectral shape of hydrometeor size distributions;discrete vs“continuous”representation of hydrometeor types;turbulence-microphysics interactions including turbulent entrainment-mixing processes and stochastic condensation;theoretical foundations for the mathematical expressions used to describe hydrometeor size distributions and hydrometeor morphology;and approaches for developing bulk microphysics parameterizations.Also presented are the spectral bin scheme and particle-based scheme(especially,super-droplet method)for representing explicit microphysics.Their advantages and disadvantages are elucidated for constructing cloud models with detailed microphysics that are essential to developing processes understanding and bulk microphysics parameterizations.Particle-resolved direct numerical simulation(DNS)models are described as an emerging technique to investigate turbulence-microphysics interactions at the most fundamental level by tracking individual particles and resolving the smallest turbulent eddies in turbulent clouds.Outstanding challenges and future research directions are explored as well.

Simulation Model Using Meta Heuristic Algorithms for Achieving Optimal Arrangement of Storage Bins in a Sawmill Yard

Bin planning (arrangements) is a key factor in the timber industry. Improper planning of the storage bins may lead to inefficient transportation of resources, which threaten the overall efficiency and thereby limit the profit margins of sawmills. To address this challenge, a simulation model has been developed. However, as numerous alternatives are available for arranging bins, simulating all possibilities will take an enormous amount of time and it is computationally infeasible. A discrete-event simulation model incorporating meta-heuristic algorithms has therefore been investigated in this study. Preliminary investigations indicate that the results achieved by GA based simulation model are promising and better than the other meta-heuristic algorithm. Further, a sensitivity analysis has been done on the GA based optimal arrangement which contributes to gaining insights and knowledge about the real system that ultimately leads to improved and enhanced efficiency in sawmill yards. It is expected that the results achieved in the work will support timber industries in making optimal decisions with respect to arrangement of storage bins in a sawmill yard.

Too Early to Celebrate bin Laden’s Death

More than being a victory of good against evil,media commentator Cheng Yi says the killing of Osama bin Laden has opened the way for retaliatory attacks from the terror group Al Qaeda who wilt no doubt use their leader’s death as a renewed call to arms.He argues that the irresponsible and unilateral way in which the United States went about the operation has stirred up further chaos and instabil-

“BIN”品牌视觉形象设计

通过消费心理分析和甜品市场发展探寻,梳理BIN甜品的品牌特点及标志符号,提取元素符号应用于品牌视觉形象设计,推出符合当下流行趋势和品牌内涵的品牌设计方案。

利用高密度遗传图谱挖掘水稻芽期耐盐QTL

【目的】挖掘水稻芽期耐盐新位点,为进一步开展基因功能分析和盐渍土直播生产提供理论依据。【方法】以耐盐品种‘龙稻133’和盐敏品种‘彩稻’衍生的169个RIL群体为试验材料,利用包含1107个高质量多态性Bin标记的高密度遗传连锁图谱,对对照和0.5%NaCl胁迫下的胚芽鞘长、胚根数、胚根长以及相对胚芽鞘长、相对胚根数和相对胚根长共9个性状进行QTL定位分析。【结果】高密度遗传连锁图谱共覆盖水稻基因组2957.35 cM,标记间的平均距离为2.67 cM。12条染色体含有的平均标记数为92.25个。描述性统计分析表明,亲本‘龙稻133’的耐盐性显著高于‘彩稻’,亲本的性状表型值位于RIL群体的极值之间,群体表现出超亲分离现象。盐胁迫严重抑制RIL群体的胚芽鞘长、胚根数和胚根长,且不同株系受胁迫影响差异较大,各性状基本符合正态分布,具有数量性状的遗传特性。连锁分析共鉴定到19个QTL,贡献率为2.58%~14.83%,发现2个QTL区间内存在已克隆的耐盐相关基因,其中qTCL3区间内包含DST,qRRN10区间内包含OsMSRA4.1。此外,发现控制盐胁迫下胚芽鞘长的qTCL10、控制相对胚芽鞘长的qRCL10以及控制相对胚根长的qRRL10均位于同一QTL区间内;控制盐胁迫下胚根长的qTRL7和控制相对胚根长的qRRL7也位于同一QTL区间内。2个共定位区间内的25个候选基因qRT-PCR分析结果显示,盐处理后,LOC_Os07g44210、LOC_Os07g44240、LOC_Os07g44250、LOC_Os07g44350、LOC_Os10g42940和LOC_Os10g43060在‘彩稻’或‘龙稻133’均显著上调表达。其中,LOC_Os07g44350在盐处理后的‘龙稻133’胚芽鞘和胚根内均极显著上调表达。【结论】发掘19个与水稻芽期耐盐相关QTL,其中包含2个共定位位点qTRL7和qTCL10,2个共定位区间内共有25个候选基因。通过qRT-PCR分析发现6个在盐处理后表达量上调的基因,其中LOC_Os07g44350是芽期耐盐的重要候选基因。

利用高密度Bin图谱定位水稻抽穗期剑叶叶绿素含量QTL

【目的】挖掘新的控制水稻叶绿素含量的相关位点和基因,为水稻叶绿素含量的遗传机制研究提供理论基础。【方法】利用剑叶叶色存在明显差异的粳稻TD70和籼稻Kasalath杂交构建的包含186个株系的重组自交系群体为供试材料,通过对两亲本及RIL群体重测序,构建了包含12328个Bin标记的高密度遗传图谱。RIL群体及亲本分别于2011和2020年正季在江苏省农业科学院种植。抽穗后第3天使用叶绿素仪测定剑叶SPAD值。使用IciMappingv3.4软件完备区间作图法,对控制水稻抽穗期剑叶叶绿素含量的QTL进行鉴定。利用便携式光合仪测定RIL群体中20个SPAD极端株系的水分利用效率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和净光合速率等光合作用参数。【结果】2年共检测到19个抽穗期剑叶叶绿素含量相关QTL,分别分布在除第8、9和10染色体外的其他9个染色体上。单一QTL贡献率为3.09%—13.13%,LOD值为2.74—14.08。通过物理位置比对,发现其中10个QTL与前人定位到的叶绿素含量相关位点在相同或邻近区域。qCHL2-1和qCHL5-12年均被检测到,表现出较强的稳定性。qCHL2-1位于第2染色体的7.63—7.71 Mb处,2年LOD值分别为14.08和7.93,贡献率分别为13.13%和7.94%。qCHL5-1位于第5染色体的23.44—23.49 Mb处,2年LOD值分别为4.31和3.76,贡献率分别为3.57%和4.82%。结合功能注释和亲本间序列分析,分别在qCHL2-1和qCHL5-1染色体区间内找到2个与剑叶叶绿素含量相关的基因Os02g0236000和Os05g0476700。这两个基因的核苷酸序列在两亲本间均存在差异。Os02g0236000编码水稻天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AAT1),是水稻氮代谢途径中的重要酶,与蛋白质及氨基酸含量有关。Os05g0476700编码叶面斑点相关蛋白,推测与叶片颜色有关。根据AAT1在CDS+273 bp有无突变对RIL群体进行等位型分类。在20个SPAD极端株系中,AAT1不同等位型株系的剑叶SPAD值和水分利用效率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和净光合速率等光合作用指标均存在显著差异。【结论】共检测到19个控制水稻抽穗期剑叶叶绿素含量QTL,鉴定了2个稳定存在的QTL——qCHL2-1和qCHL5-1,在这两个QTL区间筛选到2个可能调控水稻抽穗期剑叶叶绿素含量的基因。其中1个AAT1(Os02g0236000)不同等位型的光合作用参数在20个极端SPAD株系中存在显著差异,推测其为最可能的候选基因,可用于后续剑叶叶绿素调控基因的功能研究。

异步Binning高帧频CCD相机的拖尾校正

一种基于异步时序驱动和Binning技术的高帧频成像技术在帧转移CCD相机上得到成功应用。为了抑制该CCD相机成像时产生的拖尾效应,基于该相机的高帧频连续成像原理,理论上分析了图像获取过程中拖尾产生的原因,给出了一套完整的消除拖尾的数值解析算法。该算法充分考虑了图像亮度变化对拖尾形成产生的影响,并对此进行了修正,已在异步Binning CCD相机上进行了实验验证。利用相机以40 000帧每秒的帧频获取4幅连续图像进行实验,实验结果表明,该算法可有效去除每幅图像的拖尾噪声,而且消除拖尾噪声后的图像区域的灰度方差得到明显降低,异步Binning CCD相机的成像质量得以提高。上述结果表明算法适用于高帧频相机的连续成像。