Mycotoxins and their derivatives since their discoveries and until the present time are behind unspecified economic and medical damages.Aflatoxins are classified according to their physical–chemical and toxicological...Mycotoxins and their derivatives since their discoveries and until the present time are behind unspecified economic and medical damages.Aflatoxins are classified according to their physical–chemical and toxicological characters in the most dangerous row of the mycotoxins.These aflatoxins are in part responsible,of irreversible medical disasters that are not easily manageable such as cancer of the liver and kidneys,and in the other part,of losses in the stored cereal products.Based on these crucial findings,monitoring of this toxin became imperative in post-harvest food products,during storage,during transformation chain and even during the long phases of conservation.Vigilance of this toxin is delivered by detection methods using very advanced technologies to respond in the shortest possible times.In addition,the knowledge of factors supporting the biosynthesis of aflatoxins such as the temperature,moisture content,concentration of nitrogen and carbon,and the molecules responsible for the genetic control of the synthesis will be reflected later in the choice of bio-control techniques.This control is currently based on new strategies using the bioactives substances of the plants,the lactic bacteria and some strains of actinomycetes that have good inhibiting activity against aflatoxins with fewer side effects on Man.On the other hand,this brief review summarizes the results of new studies demonstrating the toxicity of the toxin,new detection methods and bio-control.展开更多
The formation control problem for underactuated unmanned surface vehicles(USVs) is addressed by a distributed strategy based on virtual leader strategy. The control system takes account of disturbance induced by exter...The formation control problem for underactuated unmanned surface vehicles(USVs) is addressed by a distributed strategy based on virtual leader strategy. The control system takes account of disturbance induced by external environment. With the coordinate transformation, the advantage of the proposed scheme is that the control point can be any point of the ship instead of the center of gravity. By introducing bio-inspired model, the formation control problem is addressed with backstepping method. This avoids complicated computation, simplifies the control law,and smoothes the input signals. The system uniform ultimate boundness is proven by Lyapunov stability theory with Young inequality. Simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness and robust of the proposed controller.展开更多
As an artificial microbial ecosystem, acidogenic de sulfate bioreactor has high efficiency of sulfate removal. The restrictive ecological factors, including causing ecological factors, such as COD/SO 4 2- ratio and su...As an artificial microbial ecosystem, acidogenic de sulfate bioreactor has high efficiency of sulfate removal. The restrictive ecological factors, including causing ecological factors, such as COD/SO 4 2- ratio and sulfate loading rate (Ns), and following ecological factors, such as pH value, oxidation reduction potential (ORP) and alkalinity (ALK) have significant effect on the ability and stability of acidogenic de sulfate bio reactor. Continuous flow and batch test were carried out to investigate the quantification and control of COD/SO 4 2- ratio, Ns, pH value, ORP and ALK in acidogenic de sulfate bioreactor supplied with molasses wastewater as sole organic carbon source and sodium sulfate as electron donor. It was demonstrated that In order to maintain high sulfate removal rate (SRR) of 80% to 90%, the restrictive factors should meet all the requirement as follows: k COD/ SO 4 2- ratio≥2.0, Ns≤7.5 kg (m 3·d) -1 ,pH=5.7～6.2,ORP=-320～-420 mV and ALK= 1 500～2 000 mg/L.展开更多
Taking Youxi County of Fujian Province as an example,the author introduced basic situations of new bio-disaster prevention and control mechanism for forest resource protection and social service works after the forest...Taking Youxi County of Fujian Province as an example,the author introduced basic situations of new bio-disaster prevention and control mechanism for forest resource protection and social service works after the forest tenure reform.Then,the author analyzed new problems faced by bio-disaster prevention and control in forestry.Finally,the author present the existing problems of bio-disaster prevention and control at the county level from five aspects:innovating upon plant quarantine management mechanism;innovation upon survey methods and service modes of bio-disaster monitoring;strengthening and improving construction of bio-disaster monitoring and forecasting network;innovating upon management system for bio-disaster prevention and control;speeding up construction of service system for social prevention and control of bio-disasters.展开更多
To evaluate the high-performance of membrane materials in the concentration of an aqueous solution of dilute bioethanol under temperature-difference controlled evapomeation (TDEV), asymmetric porous cellulose nitrate ...To evaluate the high-performance of membrane materials in the concentration of an aqueous solution of dilute bioethanol under temperature-difference controlled evapomeation (TDEV), asymmetric porous cellulose nitrate (CN) and cellulose acetate (CA) membranes were prepared by a phase inversion method. In the concentration of dilute ethanol under TDEV, these membranes showed a high permeation rate and high ethanol/water selectivity. In membranes with almost the similar pore size, the ethanol/water selectivity was considerably higher for the CN membrane than the corresponding CA membrane. This result suggested that the affinity between the membrane material and the permeant is an important factor in the separation selectivity.展开更多
Southern corn leaf blight(SCLB)disease caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus is one of the major threats to corn production worldwide.The synergistic application of low toxic chemical fungicide and biocontrol agents c...Southern corn leaf blight(SCLB)disease caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus is one of the major threats to corn production worldwide.The synergistic application of low toxic chemical fungicide and biocontrol agents could improve biocontrol stability and efficiency against plant diseases,which ultimately reduce use of chemical fungicide.Trichoderma spp.,well-known biocontrol fungi have been used to control some foliar diseases.However,few works have been reported on synergistic application of chemical fungicide and Trichoderma against foliar diseases.This study was aimed to investigate the control effect on the synergistic application of Trichoderma harzianum SH2303 and difenoconazole-propiconazole(DP)against SCLB.Results showed that the synergistic application of DP and SH2303 reduced the leaf spot area compared to the control.The efficacy of synergistic application of DP+SH2303 against SCLB could last for 15–20 d in pot trial under the greenhouse condition.Under the natural field condition,maize treated with DP+DP and DP+SH2303 showed 60%control,which was higher than that of SH2303+DP(45%)and SH2303+SH2303(35%).All these treatments induced the synthesis of defense-related enzymes(phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL),catalase(CAT),and superoxide dismutase(SOD))and the defence-related gene expression of SA pathway(PR1).Taken together the in-vitro leaf test and field trial,the control of SCLB by synergistic application of DP+SH2303 was similar to that of DP+DP.Among synergistic application,the sequential application of DP+SH2303 showed better control than the sequential application of SH2303+DP.It was concluded that the synergistic application of chemical fungicide(DP)and biocontrol agent(T.harzianum SH2303)could be used to reduce the chemical fungicide and to reduce the SCLB diseases in maize,which provided alternative approach to realize an eco-friendly controlling of the foliar disease.展开更多
Effect of La on emergence, growth and development of Isatis indigotica Fort. and Festuca arundinacea seedlings was researched by pot experiments of inoculating Rhizoctonia solani and with the mixture ofRhizoctonia sol...Effect of La on emergence, growth and development of Isatis indigotica Fort. and Festuca arundinacea seedlings was researched by pot experiments of inoculating Rhizoctonia solani and with the mixture ofRhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani in disinfected soil after the seeds were soaked in the solution with different concentrations of La^3＋. The results indicated that infection rate decreased and there were significant disease controlling effects on seed rot, bud rot and root rot caused by pathogenic fungi when the seeds were soaked by La^3＋. Thus, the rates of emergence of Isatis indigotica Fort. and turfgrass Festuca arundinacea were increased, When La^3＋ concentration was in a proper range, the growth and development of plant seed/ings were promoted. Spraying La on rice plants showed a significant controling effect on Rhizoctonia solani. Furthermore, the EC50 of La^3＋performed 128.7 and 128.1 mg/L at 1 and 7 d after spraying La in rice plants, respectively. The EC50 of La^3＋ performed in vivo （in rice plant） was lower than that in vitro （171.9 mg/L）.展开更多
Efficient walking is one of the main goals of researches on biped robots. A feasible way is to translate the understanding from human walking into robot walking, for example, an artificial control approach on a human ...Efficient walking is one of the main goals of researches on biped robots. A feasible way is to translate the understanding from human walking into robot walking, for example, an artificial control approach on a human like walking structure. In this paper, a walking pattern based on Center of Pressure （COP） switched and modeled after human walking is introduced firstly. Then, a parameterization method for the proposed walking gait is presented. In view of the complication, a multi-space planning method which divides the whole planning task into three sub-spaces, including simplified model space, work space and joint space, is proposed. Furthermore, a finite-state-based control method is also developed to implement the proposed walking pattern. The state switches of this method are driven by sensor events. For convincing verification, a 2D simulation system with a 9-1ink planar biped robot is developed. The simulation results exhibit an efficient walking gait.展开更多
The problem of flapping motion control of Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs) with flapping wings was studied in this paper.Based upon the knowledge of skeletal and muscular components of hummingbird, a dynamic model for flappi...The problem of flapping motion control of Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs) with flapping wings was studied in this paper.Based upon the knowledge of skeletal and muscular components of hummingbird, a dynamic model for flapping wing wasdeveloped.A control scheme inspired by human memory and learning concept was constructed for wing motion control ofMAVs.The salient feature of the proposed control lies in its capabilities to improve the control performance by learning fromexperience and observation on its current and past behaviors, without the need for system dynamic information.Furthermore,the overall control scheme has a fairly simple structure and demands little online computations, making it attractive for real-timeimplementation on MAVs.Both theoretical analysis and computer simulation confirms its effectiveness.展开更多
文摘Mycotoxins and their derivatives since their discoveries and until the present time are behind unspecified economic and medical damages.Aflatoxins are classified according to their physical–chemical and toxicological characters in the most dangerous row of the mycotoxins.These aflatoxins are in part responsible,of irreversible medical disasters that are not easily manageable such as cancer of the liver and kidneys,and in the other part,of losses in the stored cereal products.Based on these crucial findings,monitoring of this toxin became imperative in post-harvest food products,during storage,during transformation chain and even during the long phases of conservation.Vigilance of this toxin is delivered by detection methods using very advanced technologies to respond in the shortest possible times.In addition,the knowledge of factors supporting the biosynthesis of aflatoxins such as the temperature,moisture content,concentration of nitrogen and carbon,and the molecules responsible for the genetic control of the synthesis will be reflected later in the choice of bio-control techniques.This control is currently based on new strategies using the bioactives substances of the plants,the lactic bacteria and some strains of actinomycetes that have good inhibiting activity against aflatoxins with fewer side effects on Man.On the other hand,this brief review summarizes the results of new studies demonstrating the toxicity of the toxin,new detection methods and bio-control.
基金partially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51309062)
文摘The formation control problem for underactuated unmanned surface vehicles(USVs) is addressed by a distributed strategy based on virtual leader strategy. The control system takes account of disturbance induced by external environment. With the coordinate transformation, the advantage of the proposed scheme is that the control point can be any point of the ship instead of the center of gravity. By introducing bio-inspired model, the formation control problem is addressed with backstepping method. This avoids complicated computation, simplifies the control law,and smoothes the input signals. The system uniform ultimate boundness is proven by Lyapunov stability theory with Young inequality. Simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness and robust of the proposed controller.
文摘As an artificial microbial ecosystem, acidogenic de sulfate bioreactor has high efficiency of sulfate removal. The restrictive ecological factors, including causing ecological factors, such as COD/SO 4 2- ratio and sulfate loading rate (Ns), and following ecological factors, such as pH value, oxidation reduction potential (ORP) and alkalinity (ALK) have significant effect on the ability and stability of acidogenic de sulfate bio reactor. Continuous flow and batch test were carried out to investigate the quantification and control of COD/SO 4 2- ratio, Ns, pH value, ORP and ALK in acidogenic de sulfate bioreactor supplied with molasses wastewater as sole organic carbon source and sodium sulfate as electron donor. It was demonstrated that In order to maintain high sulfate removal rate (SRR) of 80% to 90%, the restrictive factors should meet all the requirement as follows: k COD/ SO 4 2- ratio≥2.0, Ns≤7.5 kg (m 3·d) -1 ,pH=5.7～6.2,ORP=-320～-420 mV and ALK= 1 500～2 000 mg/L.
文摘Taking Youxi County of Fujian Province as an example,the author introduced basic situations of new bio-disaster prevention and control mechanism for forest resource protection and social service works after the forest tenure reform.Then,the author analyzed new problems faced by bio-disaster prevention and control in forestry.Finally,the author present the existing problems of bio-disaster prevention and control at the county level from five aspects:innovating upon plant quarantine management mechanism;innovation upon survey methods and service modes of bio-disaster monitoring;strengthening and improving construction of bio-disaster monitoring and forecasting network;innovating upon management system for bio-disaster prevention and control;speeding up construction of service system for social prevention and control of bio-disasters.
文摘To evaluate the high-performance of membrane materials in the concentration of an aqueous solution of dilute bioethanol under temperature-difference controlled evapomeation (TDEV), asymmetric porous cellulose nitrate (CN) and cellulose acetate (CA) membranes were prepared by a phase inversion method. In the concentration of dilute ethanol under TDEV, these membranes showed a high permeation rate and high ethanol/water selectivity. In membranes with almost the similar pore size, the ethanol/water selectivity was considerably higher for the CN membrane than the corresponding CA membrane. This result suggested that the affinity between the membrane material and the permeant is an important factor in the separation selectivity.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0201108, 2017YFD0200901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31672072, 31872015, 31750110455)+2 种基金the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-02)the Key National R&D Programs of China-Key International Intergovernmental Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation Projects (2017YFE0104900)the Agriculture Research System of Shanghai, China (201710)
文摘Southern corn leaf blight(SCLB)disease caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus is one of the major threats to corn production worldwide.The synergistic application of low toxic chemical fungicide and biocontrol agents could improve biocontrol stability and efficiency against plant diseases,which ultimately reduce use of chemical fungicide.Trichoderma spp.,well-known biocontrol fungi have been used to control some foliar diseases.However,few works have been reported on synergistic application of chemical fungicide and Trichoderma against foliar diseases.This study was aimed to investigate the control effect on the synergistic application of Trichoderma harzianum SH2303 and difenoconazole-propiconazole(DP)against SCLB.Results showed that the synergistic application of DP and SH2303 reduced the leaf spot area compared to the control.The efficacy of synergistic application of DP+SH2303 against SCLB could last for 15–20 d in pot trial under the greenhouse condition.Under the natural field condition,maize treated with DP+DP and DP+SH2303 showed 60%control,which was higher than that of SH2303+DP(45%)and SH2303+SH2303(35%).All these treatments induced the synthesis of defense-related enzymes(phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL),catalase(CAT),and superoxide dismutase(SOD))and the defence-related gene expression of SA pathway(PR1).Taken together the in-vitro leaf test and field trial,the control of SCLB by synergistic application of DP+SH2303 was similar to that of DP+DP.Among synergistic application,the sequential application of DP+SH2303 showed better control than the sequential application of SH2303+DP.It was concluded that the synergistic application of chemical fungicide(DP)and biocontrol agent(T.harzianum SH2303)could be used to reduce the chemical fungicide and to reduce the SCLB diseases in maize,which provided alternative approach to realize an eco-friendly controlling of the foliar disease.
基金Project supported by Research Promotion Foundation of China Agricultural University and Sino-American Turf Management Project
文摘Effect of La on emergence, growth and development of Isatis indigotica Fort. and Festuca arundinacea seedlings was researched by pot experiments of inoculating Rhizoctonia solani and with the mixture ofRhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani in disinfected soil after the seeds were soaked in the solution with different concentrations of La^3＋. The results indicated that infection rate decreased and there were significant disease controlling effects on seed rot, bud rot and root rot caused by pathogenic fungi when the seeds were soaked by La^3＋. Thus, the rates of emergence of Isatis indigotica Fort. and turfgrass Festuca arundinacea were increased, When La^3＋ concentration was in a proper range, the growth and development of plant seed/ings were promoted. Spraying La on rice plants showed a significant controling effect on Rhizoctonia solani. Furthermore, the EC50 of La^3＋performed 128.7 and 128.1 mg/L at 1 and 7 d after spraying La in rice plants, respectively. The EC50 of La^3＋ performed in vivo （in rice plant） was lower than that in vitro （171.9 mg/L）.
基金Acknowledgements The work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant 50775037 and 51075071.
文摘Efficient walking is one of the main goals of researches on biped robots. A feasible way is to translate the understanding from human walking into robot walking, for example, an artificial control approach on a human like walking structure. In this paper, a walking pattern based on Center of Pressure （COP） switched and modeled after human walking is introduced firstly. Then, a parameterization method for the proposed walking gait is presented. In view of the complication, a multi-space planning method which divides the whole planning task into three sub-spaces, including simplified model space, work space and joint space, is proposed. Furthermore, a finite-state-based control method is also developed to implement the proposed walking pattern. The state switches of this method are driven by sensor events. For convincing verification, a 2D simulation system with a 9-1ink planar biped robot is developed. The simulation results exhibit an efficient walking gait.
文摘The problem of flapping motion control of Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs) with flapping wings was studied in this paper.Based upon the knowledge of skeletal and muscular components of hummingbird, a dynamic model for flapping wing wasdeveloped.A control scheme inspired by human memory and learning concept was constructed for wing motion control ofMAVs.The salient feature of the proposed control lies in its capabilities to improve the control performance by learning fromexperience and observation on its current and past behaviors, without the need for system dynamic information.Furthermore,the overall control scheme has a fairly simple structure and demands little online computations, making it attractive for real-timeimplementation on MAVs.Both theoretical analysis and computer simulation confirms its effectiveness.
