Nanoscale mass sensing based on vibration of single-layered graphene sheet in thermal environments

Based on vibration analysis, single-layered graphene sheet （SLGS） with multiple attached nanoparticles is developed as nanoscale mass sensor in thermal environments. Graphene sensors are assumed to be in simplysupported configuration. Based on the nonlocal plate the- ory which incorporates size effects into the classical theory, closed-form expressions lot the frequencies and relative fre- quency shills of SLGS-based mass sensor are derived using the Galerkin method. The suggested model is justified by a good agreement between the results given by the present model and available data in literature. The effects of tem- perature difference, nonlocal parameter, the location of the nanoparticle and the number of nanoparticles on the relative frequency shift of the mass sensor are also elucidated. The obtained results show that the sensitivity of the SLGS- based mass sensor increases with increasing temperature difference.

Effect of nitrite intercalated Mg-Al layered double hydroxides on mortar durability under Cl−and SO_(4)^(2-) coexisting environment

The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of nitrite intercalated Mg-Al layered double hydroxides(Mg-Al LDH-NO_(2))on mortar durability under the coexisting environment of Cl−and SO_(4)^(2-).Cl−and SO_(4)^(2-) binding properties of Mg-Al LDH-NO_(2) in simulated concrete pore solutions,Cl−and SO_(4)^(2-) diffusion properties of mortars with Mg-Al LDHNO 2 were examined.The steel corrosion and resistance of mortar against SO_(4)^(2-) attack were also evaluated.The results indicate that Mg-Al LDH-NO_(2) can effectively adsorb the Cl−and SO_(4)^(2-) in simulated concrete pore solution,and inhibit the diffusion of Cl−and SO_(4)^(2-) into cement mortars.The presence of SO_(4)^(2-) can greatly affect the uptake amount of Cl−,and there is a coupled effect of Cl−and SO_(4)^(2-) on their penetration into mortar specimens.In addition,Mg-Al LDH-NO_(2) can greatly upgrade the resistance of mortars against SO_(4)^(2-) attack and well prevent the steel from corrosion.However,Cl−will aggravate the SO_(4)^(2-) attack and SO_(4)^(2-) can initially decrease and then increase the steel corrosion.

Characterization of Health and Environmental Risks of Pesticide Use in Market-Gardening in the Rural City of Tori-Bossito in Benin, West Africa

A study on the use of pesticides in market-gardening production was carried out on 108 market-gardeners in the rural city of Tori-Bossito in Southern Benin. The objective of the study was to characterize the potential risks of pesticides usage by farmers and the impacts on their health and on the environment. Two risk indexes were calculated for each pesticide: an environmental risk index (ERI) and a health risk index (HRI). First stage larva of the mosquito Aedes aegypti were used as bio-indicator for detecting insecticide residue in vegetable before their harvesting on the farms. The highest ERI were obtained for carbofuran, chlorpyriphos ethyl and endosulfan. Pesticide residues were found in 42% of the samples of leaves of eggplant, cucumber, amaranth and solanum. Vegetables growers used pesticides that may be highly hazardous and which were not registered in most cases. These situations could have unexpected consequences including the exposure of consumers to health hazards.

Store Environment:Its Importance and Consumers'Expectations on Casual-wear Chain Stores in Honk Kong

This study attempted to examine the importance of storeenvironment in affecting consumers’store choice deci-sion;the relative importance among the three environ-mental factors;and consumers’expectations on store en-vironment for the casual-wear chain stores in HongKong.Julie Baker’s Three-category framework onstore environments namely ambient,design and socialfactors was adopted for investigation.The results indi-cated that the store environment was important in affect-ing consumers’selection of store for shopping.It alsorevealed that social factor was perceived relatively im-portant than ambient and design factors.Nine store ex-pectation dimensions were categorised and the resultdemonstrated that most respondents were concerned onthe social aspect in their expectation of having a satisfy-ing store environment.

Enhancing Population’s Resistance to Toxic Exposures as an Auxilliary Tool of Decreasing Environmental and Occupational Health Risks (a Self-Overview)

Environment chemical pollution can be persistent, and even virtually irremovable. For some chemicals in the workplace environment reliably safe low exposure levels are technically unattainable or presumably nonexistent. As a supplement to decreasing harmful exposures to as low levels as possible, the “biological prophylaxis” aims at enhancing host’s protective mechanisms. During over 30 years in animal experiments modeling isolated or combined chronic or subchronic exposures to silica, asbestos, monazite, lead, chromium, arsenic, manganese, nickel, vanadium, nanosilver, nanocopper, formaldehyde, phenol, naphthalene, benzo(a)pyrene we tested so-called “bioprophylatic complexes” (BPCs) comprising innocuous substances with theoretically expected beneficial influence on the toxicokinetics and/or toxicodynamics of those toxics. The BPCs proved protectively effective in animal experiments were then subjected to controlled field trials on restricted groups of volunteers. Once the effectiveness and safety of a BPC was established, it was recommended for practical use, first of all, in the most vulnerable population groups (children, pregnant women) and in the most harmful occupations. At each stage of this work the effectiveness of the bioprophylactic approach to chemical risks management was successfully demonstrated. The BPCs tested up to now proved capable of mitigating systemic toxicity, cytotoxicity, fibrogenicity, and mutagenicity of the above-listed chemicals.

Genetic relationship of rapeseed yield-related traits revealed by elite lines under multiple environments

To provide a theoretical basis for further improvement of Brassica napus yield, additive dominance with additive - by - additive epistatic effects （ ADAA） genetic model and a 6 X 8 partial dial- lel cross design were used to analyze the genetic effects and correlations of five yield related traits of 14 excellent Brassica napus parental lines and their 46 and F2 populations. The results showed that silique density （SD） , siliques per plant （SPP） , seeds per silique （SPS） and thousand - seed weight （TSW） exhibited not only additive and dominant effects, but also significant epistatic effects. The dominant effects of all five yield - related traits were obviously greater than their additive effects and epistatic effects. Yield per plant （YPP） showed significant genetic correlation with SD, SPP and SPS, and the main component of the genetic correlation was the dominance correlation. SPP and SPS both showed a significant negative correlation with TSW. The SD of rapeseed was genetically correlated with all three components of yield to a certain extent, and there were different components of genetic effects positively correlated with the three yield components, indicating that SD is a potential trait to reconcile the conflict between TSW and SPP as well as SPS.

中国北方沙漠化地区生态重建的环境政策研究——基于Bioe-conomic Model

论文以内蒙古沙漠化地区为例,运用Bioe-conom ic M odel,比较自由放牧与耕垦、禁牧与禁垦、控制放牧规模与禁垦的土地利用政策情景下,引进舍饲养牛技术与信贷服务和增加非农就业机会对农户土地利用决策及其家庭收入的影响,据此探讨中国北方地区沙漠化发展的人文驱动机制以及生态重建的环境政策。结果表明:实施控制放牧规模与禁垦的环境政策,同时引进舍饲养牛技术能够有效地促进生态重建并提高农户收入;引进舍饲养牛技术需要启动基金,提供信贷服务和增加非农就业机会是贫困农户引进该技术的前提。因此,迫切需要调整宏观环境政策,提高农业集约化经营水平和城乡联系力度,从而提高农户家庭收入、减轻农民对环境的依赖性和促进农村的可持续发展。

Technological Options to Ameliorate Waste Treatment of Intensive Pig Production in China:An Analysis Based on Bio-Economic Model

Ameliorating waste treatment by technological improvements affects the economic and the ecological-environment benefits of intensive pig production. The objective of the research was to develop and test a method to determine the technical optimization to ameliorate waste treatment methods and gain insight into the relationship between technological options and the economic and ecological effects. We developed an integrated bio-economic model which incorporates the farming production and waste disposal systems to simulate the impact of technological improvements in pig manure treatment on economic and environmental benefits for the case of a pilot farm in Beijing, China. Based on different waste treatment technology options, three scenarios are applied for the simulation analysis of the model. The simulation results reveal that the economic-environmental benefits of the livestock farm could be improved by reducing the cropland manure application and increasing the composting production with the current technologies. Nevertheless, the technical efficiency, the waste treatment capacity and the economic benefits could be further improved by the introduction of new technologies. It implies that technological and economic support policies should be implemented comprehensively on waste disposal and resource utilization to promote sustainable development in intensive livestock production in China.

Treatment of Dyes Wastewater by a New Kind of Bio - Fluid Bed

A new kind of bio-fluid bed used to treat dyes wastewater is described in detail due to its several special features,such as high removal efficiency,simple struc-ture,shock load resistance,etc.By means of analyzing the experiment data,the results show that the dye wastewater’s organic matter is removed greatly after be-ing treated by this new kind of bio-fluid bed.On the other hand,the removal efficiency of chromaticity of

The identification and comparison of the bio-elements of the penguin ornithogenic sediments sample from Davis Station and Great Wall Station

During CHINARE-22 in austral summer of 2005-2006, a lake sediment core named DG4, which is impacted by penguin droppings, was retrieved from a lake catchment in Gardner Island of Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica. In this study, the concentrations of characteristic elements in the core, local bedrocks and fresh penguin guanos were determined. P, Se, F, S, As, Sr and Cu in DG4 were identified as the bio-element assemblage by R-clustering analysis and compared with those in the local bedrocks and fresh guanos, the results are similar to Y2 in Ardley Island, Antarctic Peninsula. On this basis, P and Se were identified as the optimum bio-elements in DG4 and F, P and S were identified in Y2, respectively. This work will provides the foundation for reconstructing the past penguin populations in Gardner Island of Vest- fold Hills, East Antarctica and comparing the penguin population dynamics between East Antarctica and Antarctic Peninsula.

Seismic Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Frames in the Harsh Environment Using Pushover Analysis

The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the seismic response of buildings of typical reinforced concrete frames when concrete starts to deteriorate gradually and to make a comparison between the base shear and the displacement at different stages of earthquake loading. Typical 5, 15, 20 and 30-storey reinforced concrete frames have been designed for seismicity according to the recently adopted seismic code in Abu Dhabi, ACI 318-08/IBC 2009 code. A pushover analysis has been performed to these four buildings by using SAP 2000. Twenty-four models have been created (6 models for each building) by decreasing the concrete strength gradually from 4000 psi (281 kg/cm2) to 1500 psi (105 kg/cm2). This is to simulate the effect of harsh environment on the strength of concrete in existing buildings.

生物安全与环境健康安全协同保障的法治路径

生物安全与环境健康安全法律制度息息相关,须协同治理生物安全与环境健康安全问题。由于公众健康保护优先理念未得到充分贯彻,生物安全与环境健康安全制度体系之间协调衔接不畅,实现生物安全与环境健康安全协同保障的专门制度供给匮乏等问题,导致生物安全与环境健康安全协同保障实现公众健康目标的效果不佳。因此,生物安全与环境健康安全协同保障应坚持公众健康保护优先的价值理念,促进社会经济、生物安全与公众健康保护协调发展。实现生物安全与环境健康安全协同保障,须加强生物安全与环境健康安全法律制度之间的协同配合,构建协同生物安全与环境健康安全保障的专门性法律制度体系。

两株耐铬菌的分离鉴定及对Cr(Ⅵ)污染土壤的治理

为实现高质量比铬污染场地的微生物修复,从华北某废弃铬盐厂取土样分离出两株高效铬还原菌,并对两株菌进行16S rRNA鉴定,分别命名为Agrobacterium sp. Cr-1(Cr-1)和Lysinibacillus sp. Cr-2(Cr-2)。将两菌株分别投入高质量比铬污染土壤中,通过分析土壤Cr(Ⅵ)质量比、pH值、铬形态的变化,探究两菌株对高质量比Cr(Ⅵ)污染土壤的治理能力。通过细菌多样性和代谢组学分析,根据细菌种类、代谢物和代谢物通路的差异分析了两菌株的Cr(Ⅵ)解毒及还原的原理。当反应42 d后,投加Agrobacterium sp. Cr-1和Lysinibacillus sp. Cr-2的土壤Cr(Ⅵ)质量比分别由1 100 mg/kg降至33.49 mg/kg和92.29 mg/kg。研究显示:两种菌株均能够实现对高质量比Cr(Ⅵ)污染土壤的高效修复。

东莞城市河流大型底栖动物群落结构及影响因子

了解城市化进程对河流生态系统结构组成的影响是城市水生态环境保护的基础。为探究城市河流大型底栖动物群落结构的时空变化特征,于2021年12月-2022年1月和2022年5-6月对东莞市内东江、东引运河、石马河3条城市河流开展大型底栖动物监测。结果显示,东莞城市河流大型底栖动物种类组成上节肢动物占优势地位,其次是软体动物。科级分类水平上,枯水期常见科级分类单元包括齿吻沙蚕科、田螺科、摇蚊科、长臂虾科等,丰水期常见科级分类单元为田螺科、颤蚓科等。霍甫水丝蚓Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri、宽身舌蛭Glossiphonialata、梨形环棱螺Bellamya purificata、中华沼螺Parafossarulus sinensis、钩虾属一种Gammarus sp.和湖沼股蛤Limnoper lacustris是造成群落结构时空差异的关键物种。物种丰富度和现存量枯水期高于丰水期,石马河高于东江和东引运河。基于统计学的估计值表明,整体上大型底栖动物物种数46-52种,枯水期约38-42种,丰水期约28-31种,石马河物种数最高(约35-38种)而东江最低(约23-27种)。β多样性丰水期高于枯水期,东引运河最高而石马河最低。CCA分析发现水温、高锰酸盐指数、总溶解性固体和底质重金属(铜、汞、锌、砷)是枯水期大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构的主要影响因子;溶解氧和总溶解性固体是丰水期的主要影响因子。该研究结果表明减少水质污染、增加河道生境多样性是东莞城市河流未来生态修复的管理方向。

虾-鱼-贝-藻生态优化养殖及其水质生物调控技术研究

建立了一种虾、鱼、贝、藻多池循环水生态优化养殖模式及水质生物调控系统,包括对虾养殖、鱼类养殖、贝类养殖和大型海藻栽培等4个不同功能养殖区,1个水处理区以及1条应急排水渠。通过在封闭循环系统内不同池塘中放养生态位互补的经济动植物对虾池水环境进行生物调控。结果表明,循环水养殖系统内虾池水层悬浮物数量、COD值、氨态氮和硝酸态氮含量比对照组对虾单养池明显降低(P<0·01)。养殖排放水不处于富营养化状态(E<1)。对虾饲料产出对虾0.667kg·kg-1、罗非鱼0.037kg·kg-1、牡蛎0.738kg·kg-1、江蓠0.437kg·kg-1,净增产值2.01元。投入产出比由对虾单养的0.588降低为优化生态养殖的0.235。该养殖模式不仅实现了虾池水环境的生物调控与养殖用水的零排放,且显著提高了饲料利用率和经济效益,具有防病、环保、高效等优点。

砷黄铁矿生物氧化影响因素及控制方法

砷黄铁矿的生物氧化是产生含砷酸性矿山废水的主要原因,为了更好地研究含砷酸性矿山废水控制技术,综述砷黄铁矿生物氧化的关键环境影响因素和源头控制技术的研究现状。介绍砷黄铁矿的理化性质、化学和生物氧化特性,了解其在矿山环境中的氧化行为。深入阐述微生物、共存离子、有机物、伴生矿物等环境因素对砷黄铁矿生物氧化的影响及其作用机制,揭示砷黄铁矿生物氧化过程中的关键步骤和反应。环境中砷黄铁矿的氧化和砷的释放主要是由水、氧气和微生物3种成分驱动,可以通过隔绝其中任何一种成分来抑制其氧化,因此,着重介绍氧屏障法、杀菌剂法、混合碱性矿物处置法以及钝化涂层法等源头控制方法的机理并探讨其优缺点和适用性。在此基础上,还展望了该领域可行的研究方向,为评估和抑制砷黄铁矿导致的含砷酸性矿山废水提供理论基础。

流沙固定过程中土壤-植被系统演变对水环境的影响

横穿腾格里沙漠的防风固沙体系始建于 1 95 6年 ,确保了包兰铁路近半个世纪的畅通无阻。在几十年的土壤 -植被系统演变中 ,花棒 +柠条 +油蒿 -干旱砂质新成土的人工系统演变为油蒿 +雾冰藜 +小画眉草 -简育正常干旱土的半天然、天然系统 ;生物结皮发育、结皮层形成改变了降水的再分配过程 ;在 2 0～ 5 0 0cm深度的干旱层因灌木的排水作用而形成 ,低等植物也开始与草本和灌木竞争水分 ,深根系的灌木很难得到降水的补给 ,逐渐退出了防护体系 ;土壤 -植被系统趋于更薄的活动层。

木质素阻燃剂的研究进展

为解决传统阻燃剂引起的环境问题,提高产品的可持续性,研发绿色环保的阻燃剂具有重要意义。木质素因含有丰富的芳环结构、脂肪族和芳香族羟基等活性基团,广泛应用于制备多种生物基阻燃剂。文章首先分析了木质素的分子结构,介绍了木质素的阻燃机理及在阻燃领域的应用进展;然后总结了木质素在高分子复合材料中发挥阻燃作用的两种形式,即物理协同作用和化学改性作用;最后对未来木质素基阻燃剂研究进行了展望,分析了其发展趋势和面临挑战。