Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer with Antagonistic Bacteria against Tobacco Bacterial Wilt on Soil Microbial Communities and Disease Resistance of Tobacco

In this study, the effects of bio-organic fertilizer with antagonistic bacteria against tobacco bacterial wilt on soil microbial communities and disease resist- ance of tobacco were investigated by field experiment. The results showed that the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt in bio-organic fertilizer treatments （T3 and T4） decreased remarkably among four treatments in the field. Compared with the local conventional fertilization group, the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt was re- duced by 21.9% and 25.0% in T3 and T4, respectively ; the yield of flue-cured tobacco was improved by 5.7% and 5.3%, respectively ; the proportion of mid- high grade tobacco leaves increased by 2.3% and 2.6%, respectively. After application of bio-organie fertilizer with antagonistic bacteria against tobacco bacterial wilt, rhizosphere soil microbial communities exhibited vast amount and abundant species ; the amount of rhizosphere soil bacteria of infected tobacco plants was im- proved by 218.5% with fewer species. It could be concluded that the application of bio-organic fertilizer with antagonistic bacteria against tobacco bacterial wilt could improve the ecological environment of tobacco field, inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, decrease the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt, and enhance the quality of flue-cured tobacco. This study laid the foundation for further ecological prevention and control of soil-borne diseases of tobacco.

Application of Bio-organic Fertilizer Containing High-efficient Nitrogen-fixing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on Strawberry

With strawberry as a test material,the effects of the bio-organic fertilizer containing high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on nutrient contents in strawberry-planted soil,wilt occurrence and strawberry yield and quality were studied by a plot experiment,so as to provide reference for scientific use of the bio-organic fertilizer and green production of strawberry.The results showed that after hole-applying the bio-organic fertilizer at a rate of 22.5 t/hm^2,the contents of NH^+_4-N,available P,available K and organic matter did not change much with time;and when replacing 50%of chemical fertilizers with the bio-organic fertilizer at a rate of 11.25 t/hm^2(K_3),the contents of NH^+_4-N and available P in the soil did not change much with time,and the contents of available K and organic matter decreased slightly with time,but were both higher than the CK(the unfertilized treatment).Meanwhile,the disease index values of strawberry wilt disease in treatments K_2 and K_3were significantly lower than those of the CK and the conventional fertilization treatment(K_1),and the vitamin C contents of strawberry fruit in the two treatments were significantly higher than that of the CK.The yield determination showed that the cumulative yields of treatments K_2 and K_3 increased by 9.8% and 3.3%,respectively,and the increase rates of the early yields(before the Spring Festival)were 30.6% and 21.9%,respectively.Therefore,the application of the bio-organic fertilizer can replace chemical fertilizers,and can achieve the effects of reducing the occurrence of wilt,improving the early yield of fruit commodity and improving fruit quality.

Effects of Partial Replacement of Chemical Fertilizer by Bio-organic Fertilizer Kunyijian on Yield and Quality of Tobacco Leaves

To explore the application effect of bio-organic fertilizer Kunyijian in flue-cured tobacco and provide scientific basis for its application in production,a plot trial was conducted with K326,a flue-cured tobacco variety,in the Science and Technology Test Base of Xundian County,Yunnan.Taking local fertilizer consumption(control 1)and 70%local fertilizer consumption(control 2)as controls,the following replacement groups were designed:under uniformly replacement 70%local fertilizer consumption,(i)organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg),+600 kg/ha,+900 kg/ha,+1200 kg/ha,+1500 kg/ha Kunyijian;(ii)organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=40∶1(kg),+900 kg/ha Kunyijian.The results show that in the treatment of 70%local fertilizer consumption+1200 kg/ha Kunyijian[organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg)],the comprehensive performance of flue-cured tobacco was significantly better than that in the control groups,the yield of tobacco leaves reached 2237.1 kg/ha,the output value was 45505.2 yuan/ha,and the average price of the tobacco leaves was 20.53 yuan/kg.The performance of flue-cured tobacco in the treatment of 70%local fertilizer consumption+1500 kg/ha Kunyijian ranked second.The performance of other fertilization treatments was not good,but it did not differ significantly from that of control 1.In terms of chemical composition of tobacco leaves,partial replacement of chemical fertilizer by bio-organic fertilizer Kunyijian,was beneficial to increase the sugar content and reduce the nicotine and total nitrogen contents in tobacco leaves,especially the treatment of 70%local fertilizer consumption+900 kg/ha Kunyijian[organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg)],and it was also beneficial to increase the chlorine content in tobacco leaves,especially the treatment of 70%local fertilizer consumption+1500 kg/ha Kunyijian[organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg)].Therefore,it is feasible to use the bio-organic fertilizer Kunyijian to replace 30%of chemical fertilizer in tobacco production.The rate is recommended to be 900-1500 kg/ha[organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg)].It is suggested to further strengthen the demonstration and promotion of Kunyijian.

Analysis of the Fertilizing and Bioremediation Potential of Leaf Litter Compost Amendment in Different Soils through Indexing Method

This research study explored the efficacy of leaf litter compost as a sustainable soil amendment with the objective of promoting soil health and mitigating the accumulation of potentially toxic elements. The investigation encompassed the impact of various organic compost amendments, including leaf compost, cow dung manure, kitchen waste compost, municipal organic waste compost, and vermicompost. The study employed Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) to evaluate soil nutrient levels and concentrations of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) such as arsenic, chromium, cadmium, mercury, lead, nickel, and lithium. The fertilization and bioremediation potential of these compost amendments are quantified using an indexing method. Results indicated a substantial increase in overall nutrient levels (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur) in soils treated with leaf compost and other organic composts. Fertility indices (FI) are notably higher in compost-amended soils (ranging from 2.667 to 3.938) compared to those amended with chemical fertilizers (ranging from 2.250 to 2.813) across all soil samples. Furthermore, the mean concentrations of PTEs were significantly lower in soils treated with leaf compost and other organic compost amendments compared to those treated with chemical fertilizers amendments. The assessment through the indexing method revealed a high clean index (CI) for leaf compost amendment (ranging from 3.407 to 3.58), whereas the chemical fertilizer amendment exhibits a relatively lower CI (ranging from 2.78 to 3.20). Consequently, leaf compost and other organic composts exhibit the potential to enhance sustainable productivity, promoting soil health and environmental safety by improving nutrient levels and remediating potentially toxic elements in the soil.

Efficiency of Bio-Fertilizing as One of the Natural Alternatives to Improve the Growth of Khaya senegalensis and Swietenia mahagoni Trees and for Sustainability

A field experiment was carried out at Ismailia Research Station, Ismailia Governorate from 2020-2022 to improve the growth of Khaya senegalensis and Swietenia mahagoni by using a combination of mineral fertilizer (NPK) and biological fertilizer (Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus megatherium, and Bacillus circulant) as recommended dose under new sandy soils conditions. Split plot designed with four treatments (Control, (50% Mineral fertilizer (M.) + 50% Biological fertilizer (Bio.)), 100% M. and 100% Bio.) of each species. Vegetative growth, leaf area, tree biomass, stored carbon, basal area, tree volume, and in the soil both of microbial account and mineral content were determined. The experimental results showed no significant differences between studied species among the most studied parameters except for Khaya senegalensis which gave the highest significant difference in root biomass and below-stored carbon than Swietenia mahagoni. Evidently, the highest significant growth parameters were 100% mineral fertilizer followed by (50% M. + 50% Bio.) as compared with control. No significant difference between 100% M. and (50% M. + 50% Bio.) of shoot dry biomass (15.19 and 12.02 kg, respectively) and above-stored carbon (0.28 and 0.22 Mt, respectively). Microbial account and mineral content in soil were improved after cultivation of tree species compared to before planting and control, especially with 50% mineral fertilizer and 50% bio-fertilizer treatment. In conclusion, a treatment containing 50% mineral fertilizer and 50% bio-fertilizer has led to the ideal Khaya senegalensis and Swietenia mahagoni growth in sandy soil for cheaper and sustainable.

Effects of bamboo charcoal-based bio-fertilizer on wine bamboo sap yield and nutrient composition

To explore fertilization methods for wine bamboo cultivation in southwestern semi-arid areas of China, this study analyzed annual changes in sap yield and nutrient composition from May 2013 to March 2015 by using bamboo charcoal-based bio-fertilizer （ZT） and organic fertilizer treatments （CK）. The study also provided basic data for functional beverage preparation and for application of ZT. The results of the two experimental cycles revealed that under the ZT treatment, sap was available for collection from May, the beginning of the rainy season, to November, the beginning of the dry season. The period of abundance was July to October with the highest yield of sap of 3.18 L stalk-1 in September, 2014, still lower than the moso bamboo sap, which was likely due to the scale of sap production of monopodial bamboos being different from that of sympodial bamboos. In January, trace amounts of sap were still detected, suggesting that the effect of the treatment was significant. Moreover,in the dry season, soil water content and soil temperatures at 10-15 cm depths indicated that the fertilizer had the ability to maintain soil temperatures and moisture. In both fertilizer treatments, the correlation between the collected sap and environmental parameters was significant. In the ZT treatment for the entire 2 years, the effectual environ- mental factors were soil water at 10-15 cm, air tempera- tures, and wind speeds. The same determining factors were observed for the rainy season. In the CK treatments, the effectual environmental factors for the entire year and the rainy season were soil water at 0-5 cm and air moisture. The bamboo charcoal-based bio-fertilizer elevated the potassium, calcium, iron, manganese, copper, and total phosphorus content, simultaneously increasing the sap yield, protein and reducing sugar contents, and with a relative increase in sap pH. The wine bamboo sap con- tained 18 amino acids. Glutamic acid, alanine and proline were the most abundant. Compared to the controls, the treatment showed higher levels of all amino acids. Thus, the ZT treatment could be more beneficial to the development of root systems because the function of heat preservation and moisture retention prolong the sap collection period, increase sap yields, and elevate mineral element, conventional nutrients, and amino acid contents with evident fertilization effects and broader application prospects.

Effects of Bioorganic Fertilizers on the Leaf Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Replanted Szechuan Pepper, Zanthoxylum simulans

Continuous cropping obstacles hamper the efficient growth and yield of Szechuan pepper,Zanthoxylum simulans.The current study investigated the impact of different levels of bioorganic fertilizer on the leaf physiological and photosynthetic characteristics of Z.simulans to provide a theoretical reference for continuous Z.simulans crop cultivation.A bioorganic fertilizer was used to treat seedlings growing in 25-year-old continuous cropping soil.Five fertilizer treatments were applied.The impacts of the treatments on the activity of defense enzyme and photosynthetic parameters of Z.simulans leaves were determined.The different concentrations of bioorganic fertilizer reduced to varying degrees the malondialdehyde(MDA)content and intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci),and increased the activity of peroxidase(POD),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and ascorbate peroxidase(APX),as well as the chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs)and transpiration rate(Tr)of Z.simulans leaves.The results showed that most significant increases or decreases were achieved with 100 g/L bioorganic fertilizer(Y2).Thus,the application of bioorganic fertilizer at a rate of 100 g/L can significantly improve the activity of relevant defense enzymes and photosynthetic parameters of Z.simulans,and reduce the MDA content,enhancing the stress resistance of the plants,promoting their growth and addressing,to some extent,obstacles associated with continuous cultivation.

Effect of Diazotrophs and Chemical Fertilizers on Production and Economics of Okra (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>, L.) Cultivars

The effect of diazotrophs and chemical fertilizers on yield attributing characters and economics of okra cultivation was evaluated. Application of highest dose of NPK @100% in combination with vermicompost (5 t ha-1) and biofertilizers with FYM increased the fruit yield of okra (cultivar Mahyco-10) considerably with yield varying between 80.00 q ha-1 to 227.13 q ha-1 and 80.49 q ha-1 to 229.62 q ha-1 during 2010 and 2011 respectively. In okra cv. Utkal Gaurav the fruit yield varied from 47.68 q ha-1 to 129.84 q ha-1 in 2010 and 47.27 q ha-1 to 131.35 q ha-1 in 2011. As regards the net return, highest net profit of Rs 87,630 and Rs. 89,370 ha-1 from the okra was realized over an investment of Rs. 71,360 ha-1 during both the years with a benefit cost ratio of 2.23 and 2.25 when 100% NPK integrated with vermicompost @5t ha-1 and biofertilizers with FYM applied in okra cv.Mahyco-10. The highest net return of Rs. 14,350 in 2010 and Rs. 15,260 in 2011 with an investment of Rs. 63,550 each year was found in cultivar Utkal Gaurav under highest level of nutrient application.

Yield and Quality Response of Ryegrass, Egyptian Clover and Their Mixtures to Different Sources of Fertilizers

Two field experiments were conducted during two successive winter seasons of 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 to investigate the potentialities of mixing Egyptian clover with ryegrass under bio, organic and mineral fertilization treatments and their combination to increase forage yield and quality grown under sandy soil conditions. The experiment included the combination of five mixing ratios (Egyptian clover alone, ryegrass alone, 75% Egyptian clover: 25% ryegrass, 50% Egyptian clover: 50% ryegrass and 25% Egyptian clover: 75% ryegrass) and eight fertilizer sources, which include control, organic fertilization, bio fertilization, chemical fertilizer, organic + bio fertilizer, organic + chemical fertilizer, bio + chemical fertilizer and combination of organic and chemical and bio fertilizers. The obtained results indicate the superiority of 75% E. clover: 25% ryegrass mixture fertilizedby Bio + O + N in fresh and dry forage production. On the other hand, it reported the lowest dry weight of weeds g/m2. Chemical analysis of forage plants showed that the mixture of ?75% E. clover: 25% ryegrass surpassed that of other treatments yield for crude protein, ether extract and ash. The results also revealed that the highest record of DCP, crude fiber and TDNY was obtained by forage mixture of 75% E. clover: 25% ryegrass fertilized with Bio + O + N. Such higher yield of these characters hassecured a balanced ratio which is really needed for ruminants ration.

生防枯草芽孢杆菌Czk1固体发酵工艺条件优化

枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)Czk1是一株具广谱拮抗、促生和诱导植株产生抗病性的根际益生菌。为了全面资源化利用农业废弃物中的有机养分和促进对植物土传病害的生物防治,本研究以Czk1为研究对象,以鸡粪为底肥,分别利用玉米秸秆、菌糠、椰糠堆肥为原料,采用液固两相发酵工艺,以稀释平板菌落计数法测定活菌总数和芽孢数,经过单因素和正交试验方法,明确Czk1固体发酵物料的配方、工艺参数和培养条件。得出Czk1固体发酵的最优条件:最佳原料为菌糠鸡粪堆肥,Czk1接种重量为10%,黄豆粉添加量为10%,含水量为40%,发酵温度为37℃,翻抛1次/72h,在此条件下,Czk1菌株中的芽孢活菌数量总量可以达到8.63×10^(8)CFU/g,芽孢数为8.37×10^(8)CFU/g。其次,发酵效果较佳的原料为秸秆鸡粪堆肥,Czk1接种量为10%,添加5%黄豆粉,40%含水量,发酵温度为37℃,翻抛1次/72 h,此条件下,Czk1接种菌株中的活菌数量总量可达到6.53×10^(8)CFU/g,芽孢数为5.97×10^(8)CFU/g;另外,在此配方条件下再添加30%菌糠,Czk1菌株的活菌数量总量及芽孢数分别可达到8.70×10^(8)CFU/g和6.90×10^(8)CFU/g。4种发酵生物肥原料的理化性质测定表明,其有机质含量、碳氮比均有较大差异,其中以鸡粪为原料其pH、全磷和全钾含量均最高,碳氮比最低,氮、磷、钾总含量均高于秸秆、椰糠和菌糠;秸秆为原料其电导率、有机质含量最高;椰糠为原料其全氮含量最高,菌糠为原料碳氮比最高。不同鸡粪与菌糠、秸秆及椰糠组合的生物有机肥的种子发芽指数均大于80%。因此,枯草芽孢杆菌Czk1具有良好的开发利用价值,选择合适的发酵生产条件可将农业废弃物制备出高质量的生物有机肥。

生物有机肥对日光温室番茄产量和品质的影响

为探究生物有机肥对蔬菜作物产量和品质的影响,以番茄为试材,在日光温室条件下,采用随机区组试验,分析不施肥、单施生物有机肥、单施化肥、生物有机肥+化肥对设施土壤养分、微生物、酶活性、产量、品质等的影响。结果表明,与单施化肥相比,单施生物有机肥、生物有机肥+化肥均显著提高了番茄的产量,分别增产27.28%、47.56%。单施生物有机肥较显著提高了设施土壤的有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,且降低了硝态氮含量;显著增加了土壤放线菌、真菌和细菌类群的数量,碱性磷酸酶、转化酶、多酚氧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性显著提高。单施生物有机肥较其他处理显著提高番茄果实番茄红素和维生素C含量,而降低硝酸盐含量。研究认为单施生物有机肥可显著提高番茄产量和品质,有效改良设施土壤的肥力,可为无公害蔬菜生产提供一定的借鉴。

生物有机肥对果园生产的影响研究进展

近年来,生物有机肥的研究与应用快速发展,特别是随着施肥报酬递减、土壤退化、面源污染、生态环境破坏等问题频发,生物有机肥料应用受到越来越多的重视,商品化生物有机肥料生产规模快速扩大,产品品类也不断丰富。本文梳理了生物有机肥的特点及其施用对果园土壤、土壤微生物以及果树生长发育、果实产量品质等方面的作用,并提出在果园生产中的施用策略,以期为果树生产栽培中的高效施肥管理提供参考依据。

施用生物有机肥对云当归产量、品质及土壤养分的影响

为给云南省维西县云当归高产、优质和合理施肥提供理论依据,采用防草布覆盖开展云当归成药栽培田间试验,设置不施肥(CK1)、常规施肥(CK2)、单施化肥(C)、单施生物有机肥Ⅰ号(B_(Ⅰ))、单施生物有机肥Ⅱ号(B_(Ⅱ))、50%化肥+生物有机肥Ⅰ号(1/2C+B_(Ⅰ))、50%化肥+生物有机肥Ⅱ号(1/2C+B_(Ⅱ))7个处理,研究了不同施肥处理对云当归产量构成因素、药材产量、品质和土壤养分的影响。结果表明,(1)施用生物有机肥能促进云当归主根长、根粗、侧根数、单株鲜重、干重增加,显著提高云当归鲜、干药材产量(P<0.05),生物有机肥处理云当归鲜、干药材产量较CK1分别增产41.50%~201.13%、35.00%~69.42%,其中,1/2C+B_(Ⅰ)处理鲜干产量最高,1/2C+B_(Ⅱ)处理次之。(2)施用生物有机肥可提高云当归药材阿魏酸、挥发油、浸出物和多糖含量,降低总灰分含量,有效改善云当归药材品质;(3)施用生物有机肥可显著提高土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾的含量(P<0.05)。施用生物有机肥处理土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量较CK1分别提高11.77%~16.77%、5.64%~13.17%、15.74%~95.78%和26.71%~140.53%。综合云当归产量构成因素、产量、品质与土壤养分,本试验条件下,要实现维西县云当归高产优质以处理1/2C+B_(Ⅰ)效果最佳。

平菇菌糠堆肥制备生物有机肥工艺研究

以平菇菌糠和枯草芽孢杆菌为试验材料,进行60 d的堆肥发酵,制备平菇菌糠生物有机肥。发酵过程中通过测定温度、pH值、电导率、营养成分、C/N、腐殖酸的含量变化,判断平菇菌糠生物有机肥的腐熟程度。结果表明,发酵后的平菇菌糠C/N为15~20,有机质质量分数为46.31%,水分含量22.37%,酸碱度为8.2,总养分质量分数为4.70%,发芽指数为81%,均符合《有机肥料》(NY/T 525—2021)的相关要求,可以作为有机肥用于农业生产。

降低甘蔗对重金属吸收的施肥模式探究

【目的】探究不同施肥处理对甘蔗重金属含量、甘蔗产量和品质的影响。【方法】以甘蔗‘柳城05-136’品种为研究对象,设置:化肥(A)、藻类活性细胞生物肥(B)、生物有机肥(C)、藻类活性细胞生物肥+生物有机肥(D)、不施肥(CK)5个施肥处理。【结果】与化肥(A)处理相比,藻类活性细胞生物肥(B)、生物有机肥(C)以及藻类活性细胞生物肥+生物有机肥(D)处理均能显著降低甘蔗植株镉、汞、砷、铬等重金属的含量,分别减少了0.05~0.08 mg/kg、0.01~0.02 mg/kg、0.09~0.13 mg/kg、0.19~0.43 mg/kg;另一方面,与化肥(A)处理相比,藻类活性细胞生物肥(B)或生物有机肥(C)处理甘蔗产量和有效茎数虽然显著低于化肥处理,分别减少了1500~4455 kg/hm^(2)和1860—2090株/hm^(2),但藻类活性细胞生物肥+生物有机肥(D)处理与化肥处理之间无显著差异。此外,与不施肥(CK)和化肥(A)处理相比,藻类活性细胞生物肥(B)、生物有机肥(C)以及藻类活性细胞生物肥+生物有机肥(D)处理均显著提高了甘蔗蔗糖含量与锤度,分别增加了0.1%~1.27%和0.2%~2.84%。【结论】藻类活性细胞生物肥(B)、生物有机肥(C)以及两者混合施用处理(D)均可显著降低甘蔗植株镉、汞、砷、铬等重金属的含量,同时藻类活性细胞生物肥+生物有机肥混合施用处理(D)还可以显著提高了甘蔗的产量和品质。

不同颜色地膜和增施生物有机肥对地温、杂草生长和甜瓜产量的影响

为探究不同颜色地膜和增施生物有机肥对甜瓜产量的调控效应,在大田条件下以甜瓜为试材,以覆透明膜不施生物有机肥为对照(CK),研究了3种不同颜色地膜覆盖[黑膜(B)、黑白相间膜(W)、上银下黑双色膜(S)]和3种生物有机肥施肥量[1800 kg·hm^(-2)(H)、1200 kg·hm^(-2)(M)、600 kg·hm^(-2)(L)]对土壤热效应、杂草生长和甜瓜产量的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,3种不同颜色地膜在甜瓜整个生育期中早晚均能增加土壤温度,对农田土壤温度具有低温阶段增温和高温阶段降温的双重调节作用,增温效果为S膜>W膜>B膜,降温效果为S膜>B膜>W膜,降温和保温效应主要表现在甜瓜生育前期,增温效应表现为前期>中期>后期,保温效应为前期>后期>中期。3种不同颜色地膜覆盖对杂草的防效均高于CK,S膜覆盖的杂草株防效、鲜质量防效较B膜和W膜覆盖分别提高了6.5%、92.2%和7.0%、131.1%。产量方面,S膜、B膜覆盖较CK分别显著提高了20.5%、11.2%,不同增施有机肥施肥量下,S膜覆盖条件下的中施肥量较W、B膜处理(除BH处理)和CK显著提高了甜瓜的产量。在河西绿洲灌溉条件下充分考虑覆膜控草的栽培需求下,综合土温、甜瓜果实性状及产量因素,较优的地膜覆盖颜色为上银下黑双色膜,适宜增施生物有机肥施肥量为1200 kg·hm^(-2)。

施用生物有机肥对仁用杏园土壤微生物结构及杏仁品质的影响

生物有机肥替代化肥不仅可以刺激作物生长,还可以减轻化肥对生态环境的污染。为进一步探究生物有机肥对杏园土壤微生物机制以及杏仁品质的影响。本试验以河北省张家口市蔚县细弦子村15 a生‘优一’仁用杏为材料进行施肥试验,以常规施肥(化肥)处理为对照,研究生物有机肥不同施肥量T_(1)(1 kg/株)、T_(2)(2 kg/株)、T_(3)(3 kg/株)处理在2020—2021年对土壤微生物、土壤酶活性、土壤理化性质与杏仁品质上的影响。与对照相比,生物有机肥不同施肥量均能提高杏仁品质;显著提高了0~20 cm土层土壤有机质、全氮和有效磷含量,降低土壤pH;同时显著提高土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性。生物有机肥不同施肥量均能提高土壤真菌和细菌丰富度和多样性,改变土壤微生物群落结构和数量,提高放线菌门等有益菌的相对丰度。与CK相比,T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)处理MND1属和T_(2)处理链霉菌属的相对丰度显著提高,并与产量呈显著正相关。与CK、T_(1)、T_(3)处理相比,T_(2)处理显著上调的类诺卡氏菌属也与产量呈显著正相关。生物有机肥通过改变土壤微生物群落结构,提高了微生物群落多样性,增加了土壤养分含量,提高了杏仁出仁率以及品质,且在本试验中,生物有机肥施用量为2 kg/株时效果最好。

化肥减量配施生物有机肥和微生物菌剂对花生生长、产量及经济效益的影响

为进一步探索生物有机肥和微生物菌剂替代部分化肥在花生上的应用效果,分别以不施肥、当地习惯施肥、推荐常规施肥为对照,研究80%、60%、50%、40%常规肥配施生物有机肥和微生物菌剂对花生生长、产量、肥料贡献率及经济效益的影响。结果表明:40%~80%常规肥配施生物有机肥和微生物菌剂在主要农艺性状、荚果性状上与当地习惯施肥和常规施肥无显著差异;在产量、肥料贡献率及经济效益上,50%常规肥+50%生物有机肥+微生物菌剂表现最好,肥料贡献率10.60%,与当地习惯施肥、常规施肥相比分别增产1.43%、1.96%,分别增收3.56%、0.60%;60%常规肥+40%生物有机肥+微生物菌剂表现次之,肥料贡献率10.31%,与当地习惯施肥、常规施肥相比分别增产1.10%、1.63%,分别增收3.28%、0.35%。综上,本试验条件下,配施生物有机肥和微生物菌剂的基础上化肥减施量以40%~50%为宜。