Bioactive molecules from terrestrial and seafood resources in hypertension treatment:focus on molecular mechanisms and targeted therapies

Hypertension(HTN),a complex cardiovascular disease(CVD),significantly impacts global health,prompting a growing interest in complementary and alternative therapeutic approaches.This review article seeks to provide an up-to-date and thorough summary of modern therapeutic techniques for treating HTN,with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of action found in substances found in plants,herbs,and seafood.Bioactive molecules have been a significant source of novel therapeutics and are crucial in developing and testing new HTN remedies.Recent advances in science have made it possible to understand the complex molecular mechanisms underlying blood pressure(BP)-regulating effects of these natural substances better.Polyphenols,flavonoids,alkaloids,and peptides are examples of bioactive compounds that have demonstrated promise in influencing several pathways involved in regulating vascular tone,reducing oxidative stress(OS),reducing inflammation,and improving endothelial function.The article explains the vasodilatory,diuretic,and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system(RAAS)modifying properties of vital plants such as garlic and olive leaf.Phytochemicals from plants are the primary in traditional drug development as models for novel antihypertensive drugs,providing diverse strategies to combat HTN due to their biological actions.The review also discusses the functions of calcium channel blockers originating from natural sources,angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitors,and nitric oxide(NO)donors.Including seafood components in this study demonstrates the increased interest in using bioactive chemicals originating from marine sources to treat HTN.Omega-3 fatty acids,peptides,and minerals obtained from seafood sources have anti-inflammatory,vasodilatory,and antioxidant properties that improve vascular health and control BP.Overall,we discussed the multiple functions of bioactive molecules and seafood components in the treatment of HTN.

Recent advances in small molecule fluorescent probes for simultaneous imaging of two bioactive molecules in live cells and in vivo

The interrelationships and synergistic regulations of bioactive molecules play pivotal roles in physiological and pathological processes involved in the initiation and development of some diseases,such as cancer and neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases.Therefore,the simultaneous,accurate and timely detection of two bioactive molecules is crucial to explore their roles and pathological mechanisms in related diseases.Fluorescence imaging associated with small molecular probes has been widely used in the imaging of bioactive molecules in living cells and in vivo due to its excellent performances,including high sensitivity and selectivity,noninvasive properties,real-time and high spatial temporal resolution.Single organic molecule fluorescent probes have been successively developed to simultaneously monitor two biomolecules to uncover their synergistic relationships in living systems.Hence,in this review,we focus on summarizing the design strategies,classifications,and bioimaging applications of dual-response fluorescent probes over the past decade.Furthermore,future research directions in this field are proposed.

Interaction of Biologically Active Molecules with Sulfur-modified Gold Surface

The immobilization of cytochrome c or horseradish peroxidase at the sulfur-modified gold electrode exhibits a rapid electron transfer behavior because of its specific orientation on the electrode surface and the interaction between cytochrome c or horseradish peroxidase and sulfur-modified on the surface of the Au electrode.

Nanoscale coordination polymer Fe-DMY downregulating Poldip2-Nox4-H2O2 pathway and alleviating diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is a prevalent microvascular complication of diabetes and the leading cause of blindness and severe visual impairment in adults.The high levels of glucose trigger multiple intracellular oxidative stress pathways,such as POLDIP2,resulting in excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS)production and increased expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1),hypoxia-inducible factor 1a(HIF-1a),and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),causing microvascular dysfunction.Dihydromyricetin(DMY)is a natural flavonoid small molecule antioxidant.However,it exhibits poor solubility in physiological environments,has a short half-life in vivo,and has low oral bioavailability.In this study,we present,for the first time,the synthesis of ultra-small Fe-DMY nano-coordinated polymer particles(Fe-DMY NCPs),formed by combining DMY with low-toxicity iron ions.In vitro and in vivo experiments confirm that Fe-DMY NCPs alleviate oxidative stress-induced damage to vascular endothelial cells by high glucose,scavenge excess ROS,and improve pathological features of DR,such as retinal vascular leakage and neovascularization.Mechanistic validation indicates that Fe-DMY NCPs can inhibit the activation of the Poldip2-Nox4-H_(2)O_(2) signaling pathway and downregulate vital vascular function indicators such as VCAM-1,HIF-1a,and VEGF.These findings suggest that Fe-DMY NCPs could serve as a safe and effective antioxidant and microangio-protective agent,with the potential as a novel multimeric drug for DR therapy.

Bioactive compounds,nutraceutical values and its application in food product development of oyster mushroom

Oyster mushroom(Pleurotus ostreatus)is one of the popular edible mushrooms and is widely cultivated throughout the world for its unique delicacy in flavor,aroma and taste.They exhibit excellent sources of biological proteins,fber,vitamins,and minerals.Moreover,their demands are increasing due to the presence of bioactive components such as phenol,flavonoid,terpenes,polysaccharides and reported to possess anti-microbial,anti-cancer,anti-hyperlipidemia,anti-diabetic,anti-inflammatory and immunostimulant activity.Owing to their beneficial health effects,they act as a potential source for formulation of functionalσr value added food products.The objective of the review is to emphasize the remarkable nutitional properties and their signifcant relationship concening hea1th-promoting properties which view oyster mushrooms as a superfood and plant-based-mutraceuticals food.

Assessing the Impact of Storage Temperature on the Stability and Biocidal Activity of Essential oils Formulated, Case Tribolium Castaneum （herbst）. （insecta, tenebrionidae）

In this paper, authors describe how to carry out a research assessing the impact of storage temperature on the stability and biocidal activity of formulated essential oils. Cereals, like other stored food, currently experience serious health problems of storage. The offending agents are primary pests such as Sitophilusoryzae and secondary pests including Tribolium. This study focused on the evaluation of the biocidal effect on the essential oils of thyme and citrus, against red flour beetle adults （Triboliumcastaneum） under different temperature regimes. The results showed that different molecules produced a delayed effect （12 h-14 h-16 h-I 8 h） on the populations of Triboliumcastaneum at the storage temperature of 20 ~C. The same results showed an early striking effect of thymol and carvacrol on Triboliumcastaneum compared to limonene. The toxicity of thymol and carvacrol was much more active than limonene at 12 h, which was very remarkable as limonene expressed its toxicity from 14 h with a deadly effect. When temperatures are under 20 ℃ and 25℃, thymol showed a greater degree of efficiency followed by carvacrol and limonene which had lower efficiency. However, at 28℃, carvacrol expressed a very significant biocidal effect compared to the other two formulations, thymol and limonene.

Phytochemical Characterization of the Essential Oils Obtained from Mediterranean Thymus spp. （Lamiacea） Harvested at Different Stages of Growth

To prove more information on the chemical composition of the essential oils of Thymus taxa collected in different Algeria areas, and to determine the effect of harvesting periods on the composition of these essential oils： three Thymus species （T. numidicus, T.ciliatus and T. algeriensis） were collected during two periods of development, the EOs （essential oils） obtained by steam distillation of the aerial parts were analyzed by GC/MS （gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry）. During the pre-flowering stage, the RP% （relative percentage） of Eos varied between 1.00% and 1.34% for all the species. The content of EOs increased during the flowering stage and reached particularly 2.10% and 2.85% for T. numidicus （from Berrahal） and T. numidicus （from Tacha）, respectively. GC/MS analysis showed that these oils are very rich in oxygenated monoterpenes group （76.96%-82.11%） when the plants were harvested during the flowering stage of growth. Thymol was the major compound in the EOs contained in T. numidicus （Berrahal） and T. ciliatus with more than 39% and 54%, respectively. Thymus numidicus （Tacha） and T. algeriensis EOs were characterized by high content in p-cimene-7-ol （78.06% and 26.98%, respectively）. These two chemotypes （thymol and p-cimene-7-ol） are considered as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents providing the basis for many applications in processed food preservation and pharmaceutical products.

Fatty acids of Pleurotus florida mushroom:Potential molecules for blood glucose control

In Vitro-In Vivo antidiabetic effect of Pleurotus florida mycelia was evaluated using enzymes,yeast cell and in streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic(T2D)animal model.P.florida mycelia was prepared by submerged fermentation process.The fungal biomass was organically extracted using mixture of ethanol and water.Highest extractives yield of 14.3%w/w was obtained in hydroalcoholic solvent with dielectric constant-δvalue of 78.2(EX78).P.florida mycelia extract(EX 78)shows higher antioxidant power with 86.87%free radical scavenging activity and with 75.29 reducing power.In-vitroα-amylase inhibition,α-glucosidase inhibition and glucose uptake activity of EX 78 shows higher effectiveness.The P.florida mycelia extract(EX 78)is also found to be effective in controlling of blood glucose and insulin level in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced T2D animals.The blood glucose was reduced to 216±6.21 mg/dl from 357±0.34 mg/dl and the insulin level was increased to 0.423±0.006 ng per mL from 0.164±0.03 ng/mL in P.florida treated animals.The higher fatty acids,C20-eicosane;C24-tetracosane and C30-squalene present in P.florida mycelium extract was found to be effective in inhibiting human intestinalα-glucosidase and pancreaticα-amylase.The P.florida mushroom is found to be effective in controlling high blood glucose elevated liver and cardiac enzymes.Consumption of this mushroom is suitable for controlling blood glucose level in person with hyperglycaemia.

Seaweeds’nutraceutical and biomedical potential in cancer therapy:a concise review

Seaweeds have been a food source since ancient times(600 BC)and are still widely used in Asia,mainly in traditional Chinese medicine and Japanese folk medicine.Nowadays,seaweed compounds and extracts have been gaining interest from the biomedical and pharmaceutical market sectors.Seaweeds have been referenced as feasible solutions in finding new potential compounds and therapies in prevention,control,and reduction of cancer development due to the multirole of some bioactive components(e.g,phenolic compounds and sulphated polysaccharides).Moreover,seaweeds are rich in important health-promoting molecules[such as poly and highly unsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs and HUFAs),essential amino acids,vitamins,and dietary fibers]and minerals(calcium,iron,iodine,magnesium,phosphorus,potassium,zinc,copper,manganese,selenium,and fluoride).In this review,the potential therapeutic effects of seaweed in the prevention and treatment of cancer are approached,as well as nutraceutical properties of seaweed to promote cell homeostasis.

A review of the use of pteridophytes for treating human ailments

The aim of this review was to explore the pharmacological activity of early tracheophytes （pteridophytes） as an alternative medicine for treating human ailments. As the first vascular plants, pteridophytes （aka, ferns and fern allies） are an ancient lineage, and human beings have been exploring and using taxa from this lineage for over 2000 years because of their beneficial properties. We have documented the medicinal uses of pteddophytes belonging to thirty different families. The lycophyte Selaginella sp. was shown in earlier studies to have multiple pharmacological activity, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-Alzheimer properties. Among all the pteridophytes examined, taxa from the Pteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, and Adiantaceae ex- hibited significant medicinal activity. Based on our review, many pteridophytes have properties that could be used in alternative medicine for treatment of various human illnesses. Biotechnological tools can be used to preserve and even improve their bioactive molecules for the preparation of medicines against illness. Even though several studies have reported medicinal uses of ferns, the possible bioacUve compounds of several pteridophytes have not been identified. Furthermore, their optimal dosage level and treatment strategies still need to be determined. Finally, the future direc- tion of pteridophyte research is discussed.

Isolation,purification and characterization of extracellular protease produced by marine-derived endophytic fungus Xylaria psidii KT30

Objective:To isolate,purify and characterize extracellular protease produced by Xylaria psidii(X.psidii)KT30.Methods:In the present study,the extracellular protease secreted by X.psidii KT30 was isolated and purified by using three steps of protein purification,then the purified protease was characterized by applying qualitative and quantitative enzymatic assays.Results:Extracellular protease with molecular mass 71 kDa has been purified successfully by applying diethylaminoethanol-Sepharose followed by sephadex SG75 with its final specific protease activity of 0.091 IU/mg.Protease was the most active at temperature 60℃ and pH 7.The activity of enzyme was abolished mostly by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride,showing it is family of serine protease.Conclusions:Extracellular serine protease produced by X.psidii KT30 with good biochemical properties displayed some promising results for its further application in field of biotechnology or medicine.