Preparation and <i>in Vitro</i>Drug Release Evaluation of Once-Daily Metformin Hydrochloride Sustained-Release Tablets

The objective of this study was to develop once-daily metformin hydrochloride sustained-release tablets (MHSRT) and evaluate their in vitro release behavior. MHSRT were prepared by the film coating method. The in vitro drug release rate of MHSRT and the commercial tablets Fortamet? made in the United States of America in water was fitted with zero order kinetic equation, and Ritger-Peppas kinetic equation in 0.1 M HCl and pH 6.8-phosphate buffer, respectively. The similarity factor f2 values of MHSRT in three different dissolution medium were 82, 80 and 74, respectively in comparison with imported Fortamet?, which were all greater than 50. The results of storage-stability showed that MHSRT were stable for at least 6 months under stress condition (40℃ ± 2℃, RH 75% ± 5%). Therefore, in this study, MHSRT were successfully prepared using optimized formulation technologies that meet mass produce. The in vitro release behavior of MHSRT was almost similar to that of imported Fortamet?.

Preparation and evaluation of sustained-release azithromycin tablets in vitro and in vivo

The objective of this study was to prepare azithromycin(AZI)sustained-release products in order to allow for a high dose to be administered,reduce gastrointestinal side-effects and increase the compliance of patients.AZI sustained-release tablets with different release performance(F-I:T_(100%)=3 h and F-II:T_(100%)=8 h in pH 6.0 phosphate buffer)were successfully prepared by wet granulation.The in vitro release rate and drug release mechanism were studied.The release rate of F-Iwas affected by dissolutionmedia with different pH,but not for F-II.HixsoneCrowellmodel was the best regression fitting model for F-I and F-II.Additionally,F-I and F-II both belonged to non-Fick diffusion.Oral pharmacokinetics of the two tablets and one AZI dispersible tablet as reference were studied in six healthy beagle dogs after oral administration.Compared with the reference,the C_(max) of F-I and F-II were decreased,and the T_(max) were prolonged,in that case which meet the requirement of sustained-release tablets.The relative bioavailability of F-I and F-II were 79.12%and 64.09%.T-test ofAUC_(0-144),and AUC_(0-∞) for F-I and F-II indicated there was no significant difference between F-I and F-II.These mean that the extended release rate did not induce different pharmacokinetics in vivo.

Clinical observation of Baitou Weng Decoction combined with mesalazine sustained-release tablets in treating heat-toxic and smoldering ulcerative colitis

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of Baitou Weng Decoction combined with mesalazine sustained-release tablets in the treatment of ulcerative colitis with febrile heat and its effect on immune function and serum inflammatory factors.Methods: A total of 84 patients with ulcerative colitis were randomly divided into control group and treatment group, with 42 cases in each group. The control group was given mesalazine sustained-release tablets orally, while the treatment group was given Baitou Weng Decoction and mesalazine sustained-release tablets orally. The treatment period was 30 days and the patients were followed up for 3 months. After treatment, the clinical efficacy, quality of life, immune function and serum inflammatory factors of the two groups were observed.Results: The effective rate of treatment group (90.47%) was higher than that of control group (73.81%) (P<0.05);compared with before treatment, the scores of inflammatory bowel disease quality of life questionnaire scale in both groups were significantly improved (P<0.05), and the difference between the two groups was significant (P<0.05);after treatment, the plasma CD4+/CD8+ ratio and NK+ levels in both groups were significantly higher than those before treatment (P<0.05), and the treatment group was changed. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-17 and interleukin-23 were significantly decreased in both groups after treatment (P<0.05), and the improvement was more significant in the treatment group (P<0.05). No significant adverse reactions were observed in the treatment group.Conclusions: Modified Baitou Weng Decoction combined with mesalazine in the treatment of heat-toxic and incandescent ulcerative colitis can significantly improve the clinical efficacy, improve the quality of life of patients, effectively regulate the expression level of serum inflammatory factors in ulcerative colitis patients, promote the recovery of patients' immune function, and have high drug safety.

Pharmacokinetic Study on Lovastatin Sustained-release Tablet and Sustained-release Capsule in Begal Dogs

This study pharmacokinetically examined the lovastatin sustained-release tablet and sustained-release capsule in Beagle dogs. An reversed-phase HPLC method was established for the determination of lovastatin in Beagle dog plasma. Pharmacokinetic findings were compared among three preparation(lovastatin sustained-release tablet,T p; sustained-release capsule,T J and conventional capsule). Our results showed that the pharmacokinetic parameters in 6 dogs after single-dose oral administration of three perparations were calculated. T max, C max and MRT revealed significant difference (P<0.05). Relative bioavailability was 111.5±16.9 % (T P) and 110.4%±9.6 % (T J). The pharmacokinetic parameters in the 6 dogs after multiple-dose oral administration of three perparations, T max, C max MRT and DF had significant difference (P<0.05); C av , C min and AUC 0-24 h displayed no significant difference (P>0.05). It is concluded that the lovastatin sustained-release tablet and sustained-release capsule are able to maintain a sustained-release for 24 h.

Simultaneous Analysis of Indapamide and Related Impurities in Sustained-Release Tablets by a Single-Run HPLC-PDA Method

The contents of indapamide and related impurities in generic indapamide sustained-release tablets were simultaneously detected by a single-run high performance liquid chromatography equipped with photodiode array detector(HPLC-PDA)method for the quality control in this paper.The results showed the method had a good selectivity and was validated through linearity,limits of detection and quantification,recovery,and precision.The linear ranges of indapamide,2-methyl-1-nitroso-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole(impurity A,ImA),4-chloro-N-(2-methyl-1H-indol-1-yl)-3-sulphamoyl-benzamide(impurity B,ImB)and 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid(impurity 1,Im1)were 0.028-1.80μg/mL(R=0.99995),0.060-1.20μg/mL(R=0.9996),0.0324-1.20μg/mL(R=0.99985)and 0.060-1.20μg/mL(R=0.9997)with detection limits of 0.0093,0.012,0.012 and 0.006μg/mL,respectively.ImA and Im1 were not detectable in the generic drug.The content of indapamide was 96.7%of the labeled amount with a relative standard deviation(RSD)of 1.30%,and the percentage of ImB relative to the labeled amounts of indapamide was 0.106%with an RSD of 1.82%.The content of other unspecified impurities all met the reference quality standards.The results provided references for the quality control and the quality standard study of generic indapamide sustained-release tablets.

葛根总黄酮生物粘附性缓释片体外组织粘附力及释放度研究

目的 :探讨葛根总黄酮缓释片的体外释放度及其释药动力学 ,测定、比较生物粘附性缓释片和普通片与家兔离体胃、小肠组织的粘附力。方法 :采用转篮法 ,以0 1mol/LHCl900ml为溶出介质 ,转速100r/min测定其累积释放度 ,并分别用单指数模型、威布尔分布函数、Higuchi方程、零级释放模型对释放度进行释药动力学模拟 ,根据各模型拟合的AIC计算值与实测值的绝对误差和相对误差确定缓释片的最佳拟合模型 ,同时以自制粘附力测定装置测定、比较生物粘附性缓释片及普通片与家兔离体胃、肠组织的粘附力。结果 :缓释片以单指数模型拟合最佳 ,生物粘附性缓释片与家兔离体胃、肠组织的粘附力明显大于普通片 (P<0 01) ,且与小肠的粘附力大于胃 (P<0 05)。结论 :缓释片在体外释药动力学符合单指数模型 ;生物粘附性缓释片在胃、肠道具有较强的粘附作用。

放线菌素D阴道生物黏附片的研制

目的:研制一种持续作用时间长,毒副作用小的放线菌素D阴道生物黏附片。方法:以放线菌素D为主药,卡波姆934(CP934)、羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、乳糖、酸碱产气系统(碳酸氢钠和枸橼酸)为辅料。采用正交设计试验制备了不同处方的放线菌素D阴道生物黏附片。同时用自制黏附力测定装置测定了黏附片的黏附力;用桨法测定了体外释药速率。结果:最优处方为CP934∶HPC=2∶3,乳糖用量20%,酸碱产气系统用量5%。结论:本制剂工艺简单、可行,可通过调节处方配比,获得生物黏附力和体外释药均较理想的处方。

葛根总黄酮生物黏附性缓释片在家犬体内的药动学及生物利用度研究

目的研究葛根总黄酮(TPF)生物黏附性缓释片和普通片在家犬体内的药动学与生物利用度,揭示葛根总黄酮生物黏附性缓释片在家犬体内的药动学变化规律,为临床合理运用该药提供实验依据。方法健康家犬6只,以自身前后交叉对照方式,单剂量分别给予葛根总黄酮生物黏附性缓释片和普通片600mg。葛根素血药浓度经时数据以3P87药动学程序处理,以对两种片剂在家犬体内的动态过程进行拟合。以非室模型统计矩方法,计算药时曲线下面积(AUC0→12),并由血药浓度数据读取Cmax,tmax,经统计分析比较普通片与缓释片的生物利用度。结果单剂量给予家犬TPF片及生物黏附片后,葛根素血药浓度变化符合一级吸收一室模型,Ke分别为(0.461±0.115)h-1,(0.238±0.042)h-1;Ka分别为(0.844±0.404)h-1,(0.446±0.100)h-1;t1/2ka分别为(0.954±0.352)h,(1.609±0.292)h,t1/2ke分别为(1.570±0.333)h,(2.995±0.617)h。普通片的AUC0-12,Cmax,tmax分别为(4430±998)ng·h·mL-1,(1241±247)ng·mL-1和(2.2±0.6)h。缓释片的AUC0→12,Cmax和tmax分别为(6459±738)ng·h·mL-1,(1040±134)ng·mL-1和(4.0±0.7)h。以普通片为参比制剂,缓释片的生物利用度为(151.4±37.6)%。结论葛根总黄酮缓释片在家犬体内表现出较好的缓释特性,主要药动学参数发?

氧化苦参碱生物黏附缓释片在Beagle犬体内的药动学

目的:考察氧化苦参碱生物黏附缓释片在Beagle犬体内的药动学过程。方法:建立LC-MS法同时测定Beagle犬血浆中的氧化苦参碱及其代谢产物苦参碱。采用BAPP 2.3程序估算犬服用市售普通胶囊(参比制剂)和氧化苦参碱生物黏附缓释片(受试制剂)后的药动学参数。结果:氧化苦参碱血药浓度-时间曲线符合双室模型特征。受试制剂的生物利用度为110.9,且cmax降低、tmax延长,具有缓释效果。服用受试制剂后测得苦参碱的量为服用参比制剂后测得量的90.5%。结论:氧化苦参碱生物黏附缓释片与市售普通胶囊相比,生物利用度等效,具有明显的缓释效果。

替硝唑口腔粘附片的生物粘附性和体外释药研究

目的 研制替硝唑口腔粘膜粘附片 ,考察其生物粘附特性和体外释药行为之间的关系。方法 选择Carbopol和HPMC作为粘膜粘附材料和缓释骨架 ,用直接粉末压片法制备了不同处方配比的替硝唑口腔粘附片。用自制装置测定了粘附片的生物粘附力 ,用桨法测定了体外释药速率。结果 以含 30 %Carbopol 934P的处方F6制备的粘附片效果较好。结论 生物粘附力、生物粘附时间和体外释药行为之间存在相关性 ,可通过调节处方配比 ,获得生物粘附性和体外释药速率均较理想的处方。

酮康唑生物黏附性阴道片的制备与体外评价

目的制备酮康唑生物黏附性阴道片,并对其体外性质进行评价。方法在考察Carbopol934P,974P,HPMC K4M和HPC等生物黏附材料的黏附性质的基础上,用Carbopol934P分别配以HPMC和HPC作黏附剂,加入泡腾剂增加药物释放,设计5种酮康唑黏附片处方,比较不同处方之间的溶胀速率、黏附力、体外释放等指标。结果5种自制黏附片均有生物黏附及缓释效果,其体外释放符合F ick′s扩散机制。结论设计的酮康唑生物黏附性阴道片制备工艺简便,具有黏膜黏附和缓释特点,有望用于治疗妇女的阴道念珠菌感染。

非洛地平口腔粘附片的研究

目的 :研制非洛地平口腔粘附片 ,考察其体外膨胀率、粘附力及释药性能。方法 :采用不同粘度规格的羟丙基甲基纤维素 ( HPMC)和卡波母 ( Carbopol 934 P)为生物粘附材料 ,以不同配比制备非洛地平口腔粘附片 ,桨板法测定其释放度。结果 :以低粘度规格的 HPMC和 Carbopol934 P( 3∶ 1 )为生物粘附材料 ,制得的口腔粘附片较好。结论 :非洛地平口腔给药是可行的。

胰岛素口腔黏附片的制备及体外药学特性

优选胰岛素口腔黏附片处方组成,并探讨黏附材料对胰岛素口腔黏附片体外药学特性的影响。以苹果果胶、壳聚糖、卡波姆934P、羟丙基甲基纤维素和海藻酸钠为生物黏附材料,设计处方F1～F12,冻干法制备胰岛素口腔黏附双层片,以黏附片性状特点、体外黏附力、溶胀率、溶胀速率和体外释放度为指标,综合评价各处方的优劣。所制胰岛素口腔黏附片有多孔海绵状结构,利于胰岛素释放,具有疏水的保护层,可保证药物单向释放,避免药物损失;F5、F7和F12成形性差,未作进一步检测。F6和F8黏附力过大,F1和F11溶胀速率过快,均不理想。而F2、F9和F10具有优良的释药能力,适宜的体外黏附力[分别为(66.1±6.65)、(75.62±4.53)和(69.39±8.03)g/cm2]和溶胀率(2h时溶胀率均小于4%)。因此F2、F9和F10处方制备的胰岛素口腔黏附双层片,体外药学特性优良,可进一步研究。

冬凌草甲素纳米结晶黏附性缓释片的制备及体外评价

目的制备冬凌草甲素纳米结晶黏附片,考察其体外释放性、黏附性和结晶药物形态。方法采用高压均质法将冬凌草甲素制成纳米结晶,以羟丙甲纤维素(HPMC)和卡波姆为生物黏附材料,甘露醇为稀释剂和支架剂制备冬凌草纳米结晶生物黏附性缓释片。采用紫外分光光度法测定冬凌草甲素的含量,采用正交设计结合多元线性回归,以累计释放率为主要考察指标,考察了HPMC、卡波姆、甘露醇的用量对药物溶出的影响,确定了片剂的优化处方,并对片剂的黏附性和体外药物释放做了考察。结果最佳处方含HPMC31.0%,卡波姆21.7%,甘露醇7.44%。片剂中药物以纳米结晶形式从片剂中溶出,而且具有黏附和缓释作用。结论以最佳制备工艺条件制备纳米结晶片,制备工艺简单,重现性好。同时体外实验表明,冬凌草甲素纳米结晶生物黏附性缓释片显示了纳米结晶与生物黏附的双重优点。

大蒜油口腔黏附片的研究

目的研制大蒜油口腔黏附片,并考察其生物黏附性及释药性能。方法采用羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)和卡波姆(Carbopol 934P)为黏附材料,制备不同处方配比的大蒜油口腔黏附片,测定其体外溶胀百分率、黏附力和黏附时间,并采用浆法测定释放度。结果以HPMC:Carbopol 934P为3:1的处方制得的口腔黏附片较好。结论成功制备了大蒜油口腔黏附片。

三七总皂苷胃肠道生物黏附片的体外释药及黏附特性考察

目的考察三七总皂苷胃肠道生物黏附片中的总皂苷及主要单体皂苷的体外释药动力学、生物黏附片体外对离体家兔肠粘膜的黏附力。方法释放度测定按中国药典2000年版附录转篮法,采用显色法测定黏附片中三七总皂苷的释放,采用高效液相方法测定三七皂苷R1,人参皂苷Rg1,人参皂苷Rb1的释放特征,分别用零级释放、一级释放模型、Higuchi方程P、eppas方程对4者的释放曲线进行动力学模拟,阐明其释药机制,并采用相似因子法判断各单体皂苷和总皂苷的释放曲线是否相似;采用自制的黏附力测试装置测定生物黏附片对兔肠粘膜的黏附力,对黏附力进行体外评价。结果三七总皂苷,三七皂苷R1,人参皂苷Rb1的释放符合Peppas方程,人参皂苷Rg1的释放曲线符合一级释放动力学;相似因子法判断3种单体的释放曲线均与总皂苷的释放曲线相似。生物黏附片对肠粘膜的黏附力明显大于普通片(P<0.01)。结论三七总皂苷胃肠道生物黏附片中单体皂苷与总皂苷的释放机制不同,但释放曲线相似。生物黏附片对于肠粘膜具有较大的黏附力。

生物黏附性神衰果素缓释片体外释放度及组织黏附力研究

目的研究生物黏附性神衰果素缓释片的体外释放度及释药规律,并测定其体外黏附力。方法采用转篮法,以900mL水为释放介质,转速100 r.min-1测定其累积释放度,用多种数学模型对释放曲线进行拟合,根据各模型拟合的AIC值、计算值与真实值的绝对误差以及相对误差确定最优模型。以自制黏附力测定装置测定了生物黏附性缓释片的大鼠离体胃、小肠组织的黏附力。结果缓释片以Higuchi,Ritger-Peppas模型拟合皆佳,在大鼠离体胃、小肠组织的黏附力分别为6.1,13.2 kPa。结论生物黏附性神衰果素缓释片的释药参数n=0.619 9,药物的释放是通过扩散和凝胶骨架溶蚀两种机制协同作用的结果;在大鼠离体胃、小肠组织均具有黏附作用,且在小肠组织的黏附作用强于胃。

以卡波普为黏附材料的三七总皂苷生物黏附片的研制与体外评价

目的研制三七总皂苷生物黏附片,考察其体外释药动力学、对离体肠黏膜的黏附力。方法释放度测定方法按2005年版《中国药典》附录,采用显色法测定黏附片中三七总皂苷的释放,用零级释放、一级释放模型、H iguch i方程、Peppas方程对释放度进行动力学模拟,考察药物释放机制。以自制的黏附力测试装置测定生物黏附片对兔肠黏膜的黏附力。结果三七总皂苷生物黏附片体外释放符合设计要求,生物黏附片对于肠黏膜具有较大的黏附力。结论生物黏附片处方设计与制备工艺合理,达到了设计要求。

口腔粘膜粘附制剂的开发

口腔粘膜粘附制剂作为一种新颖的药物释放系统，利用生物粘附聚合物与口腔粘膜间的生物粘附力，延长制剂在口腔内的滞留时间，提高与口腔粘膜的亲合程度，控制制剂中药物的释放速度和释药量，使制剂产生最佳治疗效果。本文阐述了粘膜粘附机理，并对近来口腔粘膜粘附制剂，如粘附片，粘附贴片，半固体剂型等的开发及其发展前景作一概述。

酮康唑及其生物黏附性阴道片在大鼠体内的药动学

目的：考察酮康唑溶液给大鼠静脉注射后的药动学行为，研究酮康唑生物黏附性阴道片在大鼠体内的绝对生物利用度。方法：采用HPLC法测定大鼠静脉及阴道给予酮康唑后的血药浓度，用矩量法计算药动学参数，隔室模型由3P97软件拟合。