Background:The global war on terrorism has prompted an increase in the deployment of security personnel from multi-national forces on foreign lands,especially in places where known terrorist groups are based.The aim o...Background:The global war on terrorism has prompted an increase in the deployment of security personnel from multi-national forces on foreign lands,especially in places where known terrorist groups are based.The aim of this study was to obtain U.S.military and security personnel's perceptions of the possibility of encountering a humanborne with bioagent(HBBA) terrorist at an entry control point(ECP).Methods:This study was a mixed-method,cross-sectional,survey-based,time-limited study.A validated,five-option Likert scale questionnaire with Cronbach's alphas of 0.82 and 0.894 for Constructs 1 and 2 was distributed to over 113 respondents with combat experience.Results:The results indicated that 92.3% of the respondents thought it was possible for a terrorist to employ a biological agent to cause terror; 61.5% claimed it was either possible or very possible,and 26.9% claimed it was somewhat possible for a terrorist carrying a biological agent to successfully breach a combat Forward Operating Bases(FOB) ECP undetected.26.9% of the respondents agreed that "ECP soldiers are knowledgeable about bioagents(BA)",only 15.4% responded that ECP soldiers have effective devices for detecting a BA on a terrorist at an ECP.Conclusion:Despite some limitations,this pre-study tends to indicate that while many U.S.military or security personnel acknowledge the possibility of an HBBA terrorist breach and the vulnerability of U.S.combat post ECPs to a BA breach,the soldiers at the ECPs lack adequate knowledge or devices to effectively detect a BA on a terrorist at an ECP.展开更多
目的评价肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factorα,TNF-α)抑制剂治疗难治性复发性多软骨炎(relapsing polychondritis,RP)的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析2007年11月至2016年7月于北京协和医院使用TNF-α抑制剂治疗的11例难治性RP患者...目的评价肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factorα,TNF-α)抑制剂治疗难治性复发性多软骨炎(relapsing polychondritis,RP)的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析2007年11月至2016年7月于北京协和医院使用TNF-α抑制剂治疗的11例难治性RP患者的临床表现、实验室指标、合并用药情况,对TNF-α抑制剂的疗效做出评估。结果 11例RP患者中使用英夫利昔单抗者1例,使用TNF-α受体融合蛋白者10例,患者应用TNF-α抑制剂疗程为6~39个月,随访时间为6~58个月。患者用药后红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)、C反应蛋白(C-reaction protein,CRP)明显降低(P<0.05),1 s用力呼气量(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)、1 s用力呼气量与用力肺活量比值(forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity ratio,FEV1/FVC)均有升高,但未见统计学差异。用药后7例患者病情好转,3例稳定,1例未见好转。评估TNF-α抑制剂疗效为有效10例,无效1例。11例患者均未见明显不良反应。结论 TNF-α抑制剂在难治性RP的治疗中具有良好的疗效和安全性,但还有待于进一步研究证实。展开更多
Experiments were carried out to study the effect of two fungal bioagents along with mustard oil cake and furadan against root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato under greenhouse condition. Bioagents ...Experiments were carried out to study the effect of two fungal bioagents along with mustard oil cake and furadan against root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato under greenhouse condition. Bioagents viz., Paecilomyces lilacinus and Trichoderma viride alone or in combination with mustard cake and furadan promoted plant growth, reduced number of galls/plant, egg masses/root system and eggs/egg mass. The fungal bioagents along with mustard cake and nematicide showed least nematodes reproduction factor as compared to untreated infested soil.展开更多
In the present research, the toxicity, antifeedant activity and biological effects of ethanolic leaves extract of four medicinal plants named Eucalyptus rostrata, Dodonea viscosa, Rhyza stricta and Cymbopogon schoenan...In the present research, the toxicity, antifeedant activity and biological effects of ethanolic leaves extract of four medicinal plants named Eucalyptus rostrata, Dodonea viscosa, Rhyza stricta and Cymbopogon schoenanthus were evaluated on 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar larvae of H. armigera under laboratory condition. The results showed that values of LC50 in mg of different plant extracts in mg/100ml of the larval diet can be arranged in an ascending order as follows: Dodonea 7.23 > Cymbopogon 12.59 > Rhazya 14.52 > Eucalyptus 29.42 mg/100ml diet (the least LC50 is more toxic than the higher one). All the tested extracts had antifeedant and starvation effects against the 2nd, 3rd, 4th instar larvae. D. viscose extract possesses the least antifeedant effect even of their higher toxicity. There was clear relation between the percent of starvation and antifeedant of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th larval instar. All extracts were nearly the same in their effect on the biotic potential;of the insect, and possess latent effect when tested against 2nd instar larvae, the value of LC 50 of the extract was added to the diet, extracts increased larval duration, deformation between pupae and adult stages, moths sterility, increased as decreasing in females egg production. Other effects were noticed, reduction in percentage of pupation and moths emergence. The plant extracts can be arranged ascending according to percentage of their sterility effects as follows: C. schoenanthus E. rostrata R. stricta D. viscose. All extracts cause disruption on the biology and physiology of the insect, and all extract induced percentages of deformation between pupal and moth stages. The ethanolic extract of the plant leaves of the tested plans may be used for control H. armigera in combination with other methods in the integrated program in order to decrease the buildup of the resistance and protect the environment from chemical pollution.展开更多
Wilt complex disease of eggplant is a severe problem in Bangladesh as well as in the world. The pathogenic variability and their survival nature make the disease complex. The pathogen includes a fungus (<i><s...Wilt complex disease of eggplant is a severe problem in Bangladesh as well as in the world. The pathogenic variability and their survival nature make the disease complex. The pathogen includes a fungus (<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fusarium oxysporum), </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bacterium (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ralstonia solanacearum)</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and a nematode (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Meloidogyne </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">spp.) that attack the plant individually or combinedly. The present investigation aimed to evaluate the integrated effects of different chemicals, poultry manure and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Tr</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ichoderma harzianum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to manage the disease. Carbendazim (Autos</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tin 50WP), Streptomycin sulphate 9% and Tetracycline hydrochloride 1% (Krosin 10SP) and Carbofuran (Furadan 3G) were used as a fungicide, bactericide and nematicide, respectively which were integrated with poultry manure and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Trichoderma harzianum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">resulting in sixteen treatments</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The treatment efficacy varied significantly in comparison to control in respect of wilt incidence, yield and yield contributing characters. No wilt incidence was observed where </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Trichoderma harzianum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">was applied individually or in combination with Furadan 3G, Krosin 10SP, Autostin 50WP and poultry manure. The highest yield increase (300%) over control was noted in the treatment where Krosin 10SP, Furadan 3G, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Trichoderma harzianum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and Poultry manure were applied combinedly. The same treatment showed the best performance over control by 32%, 29%, 60%, 53% in case of the number of branches, number of leaves, number of fruits and fruit length, respectively. This treatment (Krosin 10SP + Furadan 3G + </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Trichoderma sp.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> + Poultry manure) also provided the highest Benefit Cost Ration (5.68).</span>展开更多
Global perception and consciousness of the threat of bioterrorism seem to have diminished in recent past following achievements in decades of global fight against deadly infectious diseases such as plague and smallpox...Global perception and consciousness of the threat of bioterrorism seem to have diminished in recent past following achievements in decades of global fight against deadly infectious diseases such as plague and smallpox.However,with recent advancement in biotechnology and the arrival on the scene of amoral and rogue states as well as terrorist groups,there is a justifiably heightened global apprehension that bacteria,viruses,and toxicogenic fungi can be weaponized and used to cause great harm to humans and agricultural biodiversity.We now have on our hands the dilemma of dual-use ofbiotechnology.This review brings to the fore an aspect of microbial forensics-bioagent source-tracing(attribution)that is very key in mounting an appropriate response to the evident threat ofbioterrorism.This article places a little more emphasis on the bioagent Yersinia pestis,and the technique of whole-genome sequence typing adjudged the most effective technique for building databases for bioterrorism-associated agents and public health important pathogens.The need for international sharing of data and databases of bio-agents is emphasized,as this would enable global applicability of bio-agent source-tracing in cases ofbioterrorism.展开更多
文摘Background:The global war on terrorism has prompted an increase in the deployment of security personnel from multi-national forces on foreign lands,especially in places where known terrorist groups are based.The aim of this study was to obtain U.S.military and security personnel's perceptions of the possibility of encountering a humanborne with bioagent(HBBA) terrorist at an entry control point(ECP).Methods:This study was a mixed-method,cross-sectional,survey-based,time-limited study.A validated,five-option Likert scale questionnaire with Cronbach's alphas of 0.82 and 0.894 for Constructs 1 and 2 was distributed to over 113 respondents with combat experience.Results:The results indicated that 92.3% of the respondents thought it was possible for a terrorist to employ a biological agent to cause terror; 61.5% claimed it was either possible or very possible,and 26.9% claimed it was somewhat possible for a terrorist carrying a biological agent to successfully breach a combat Forward Operating Bases(FOB) ECP undetected.26.9% of the respondents agreed that "ECP soldiers are knowledgeable about bioagents(BA)",only 15.4% responded that ECP soldiers have effective devices for detecting a BA on a terrorist at an ECP.Conclusion:Despite some limitations,this pre-study tends to indicate that while many U.S.military or security personnel acknowledge the possibility of an HBBA terrorist breach and the vulnerability of U.S.combat post ECPs to a BA breach,the soldiers at the ECPs lack adequate knowledge or devices to effectively detect a BA on a terrorist at an ECP.
文摘目的评价肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factorα,TNF-α)抑制剂治疗难治性复发性多软骨炎(relapsing polychondritis,RP)的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析2007年11月至2016年7月于北京协和医院使用TNF-α抑制剂治疗的11例难治性RP患者的临床表现、实验室指标、合并用药情况,对TNF-α抑制剂的疗效做出评估。结果 11例RP患者中使用英夫利昔单抗者1例,使用TNF-α受体融合蛋白者10例,患者应用TNF-α抑制剂疗程为6~39个月,随访时间为6~58个月。患者用药后红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)、C反应蛋白(C-reaction protein,CRP)明显降低(P<0.05),1 s用力呼气量(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)、1 s用力呼气量与用力肺活量比值(forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity ratio,FEV1/FVC)均有升高,但未见统计学差异。用药后7例患者病情好转,3例稳定,1例未见好转。评估TNF-α抑制剂疗效为有效10例,无效1例。11例患者均未见明显不良反应。结论 TNF-α抑制剂在难治性RP的治疗中具有良好的疗效和安全性,但还有待于进一步研究证实。
文摘Experiments were carried out to study the effect of two fungal bioagents along with mustard oil cake and furadan against root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato under greenhouse condition. Bioagents viz., Paecilomyces lilacinus and Trichoderma viride alone or in combination with mustard cake and furadan promoted plant growth, reduced number of galls/plant, egg masses/root system and eggs/egg mass. The fungal bioagents along with mustard cake and nematicide showed least nematodes reproduction factor as compared to untreated infested soil.
文摘In the present research, the toxicity, antifeedant activity and biological effects of ethanolic leaves extract of four medicinal plants named Eucalyptus rostrata, Dodonea viscosa, Rhyza stricta and Cymbopogon schoenanthus were evaluated on 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar larvae of H. armigera under laboratory condition. The results showed that values of LC50 in mg of different plant extracts in mg/100ml of the larval diet can be arranged in an ascending order as follows: Dodonea 7.23 > Cymbopogon 12.59 > Rhazya 14.52 > Eucalyptus 29.42 mg/100ml diet (the least LC50 is more toxic than the higher one). All the tested extracts had antifeedant and starvation effects against the 2nd, 3rd, 4th instar larvae. D. viscose extract possesses the least antifeedant effect even of their higher toxicity. There was clear relation between the percent of starvation and antifeedant of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th larval instar. All extracts were nearly the same in their effect on the biotic potential;of the insect, and possess latent effect when tested against 2nd instar larvae, the value of LC 50 of the extract was added to the diet, extracts increased larval duration, deformation between pupae and adult stages, moths sterility, increased as decreasing in females egg production. Other effects were noticed, reduction in percentage of pupation and moths emergence. The plant extracts can be arranged ascending according to percentage of their sterility effects as follows: C. schoenanthus E. rostrata R. stricta D. viscose. All extracts cause disruption on the biology and physiology of the insect, and all extract induced percentages of deformation between pupal and moth stages. The ethanolic extract of the plant leaves of the tested plans may be used for control H. armigera in combination with other methods in the integrated program in order to decrease the buildup of the resistance and protect the environment from chemical pollution.
文摘Wilt complex disease of eggplant is a severe problem in Bangladesh as well as in the world. The pathogenic variability and their survival nature make the disease complex. The pathogen includes a fungus (<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fusarium oxysporum), </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bacterium (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ralstonia solanacearum)</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and a nematode (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Meloidogyne </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">spp.) that attack the plant individually or combinedly. The present investigation aimed to evaluate the integrated effects of different chemicals, poultry manure and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Tr</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ichoderma harzianum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to manage the disease. Carbendazim (Autos</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tin 50WP), Streptomycin sulphate 9% and Tetracycline hydrochloride 1% (Krosin 10SP) and Carbofuran (Furadan 3G) were used as a fungicide, bactericide and nematicide, respectively which were integrated with poultry manure and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Trichoderma harzianum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">resulting in sixteen treatments</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The treatment efficacy varied significantly in comparison to control in respect of wilt incidence, yield and yield contributing characters. No wilt incidence was observed where </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Trichoderma harzianum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">was applied individually or in combination with Furadan 3G, Krosin 10SP, Autostin 50WP and poultry manure. The highest yield increase (300%) over control was noted in the treatment where Krosin 10SP, Furadan 3G, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Trichoderma harzianum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and Poultry manure were applied combinedly. The same treatment showed the best performance over control by 32%, 29%, 60%, 53% in case of the number of branches, number of leaves, number of fruits and fruit length, respectively. This treatment (Krosin 10SP + Furadan 3G + </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Trichoderma sp.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> + Poultry manure) also provided the highest Benefit Cost Ration (5.68).</span>
文摘Global perception and consciousness of the threat of bioterrorism seem to have diminished in recent past following achievements in decades of global fight against deadly infectious diseases such as plague and smallpox.However,with recent advancement in biotechnology and the arrival on the scene of amoral and rogue states as well as terrorist groups,there is a justifiably heightened global apprehension that bacteria,viruses,and toxicogenic fungi can be weaponized and used to cause great harm to humans and agricultural biodiversity.We now have on our hands the dilemma of dual-use ofbiotechnology.This review brings to the fore an aspect of microbial forensics-bioagent source-tracing(attribution)that is very key in mounting an appropriate response to the evident threat ofbioterrorism.This article places a little more emphasis on the bioagent Yersinia pestis,and the technique of whole-genome sequence typing adjudged the most effective technique for building databases for bioterrorism-associated agents and public health important pathogens.The need for international sharing of data and databases of bio-agents is emphasized,as this would enable global applicability of bio-agent source-tracing in cases ofbioterrorism.
