In our previous papers,the classical fractional Fourier transform theory was incorporated into the quantum theoretical system using the theoretical method of quantum optics,and the calculation produced quantum mechani...In our previous papers,the classical fractional Fourier transform theory was incorporated into the quantum theoretical system using the theoretical method of quantum optics,and the calculation produced quantum mechanical operators corresponding to the generation of fractional Fourier transform.The core function of the coordinate-momentum exchange operators in the addition law of fractional Fourier transform was analyzed too.In this paper,the bivariate operator Hermite polynomial theory and the technique of integration within an ordered product of operators(IWOP)are used to establish the entanglement fractional Fourier transform theory to the extent of quantum.A new function generating formula and an operator for generating quantum entangled fractional Fourier transform are obtained using the fractional Fourier transform relationship in a pair of conjugated entangled state representations.展开更多
Comparisons of the common methods for obtaining the periodic responses show that the harmonic balance method with alternating frequency/time (HB-AFT) do- main technique has some advantages in dealing with nonlinear ...Comparisons of the common methods for obtaining the periodic responses show that the harmonic balance method with alternating frequency/time (HB-AFT) do- main technique has some advantages in dealing with nonlinear problems of fractional exponential models. By the HB-AFT method, a rigid rotor supported by ball bearings with nonlinearity of Hertz contact and ball passage vibrations is considered. With the aid of the Floquet theory, the movement characteristics of interval stability are deeply studied. Besides, a simple strategy to determine the monodromy matrix is proposed for the stability analysis.展开更多
Starting from the optical fractional Fourier transform (FFT) and using the technique of integration withinan ordered product of operators we establish a formalism of FFT for quantum mechanical wave functions. In doing...Starting from the optical fractional Fourier transform (FFT) and using the technique of integration withinan ordered product of operators we establish a formalism of FFT for quantum mechanical wave functions. In doing so, theessence of FFT can be seen more clearly, and the FFT of some wave functions can be derived more directly and concisely.We also point out that different FFT integral kernels correspond to different quantum mechanical representations. Theyare generalized FFT. The relationship between the FFT and the rotated Wigner operator is studied by virtue of theWeyl ordered form of the Wigner operator.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatic steatosis is a very common problem worldwide.AIM To assess the performance of two-and six-point Dixon magnetic resonance(MR)techniques in the detection,quantification and grading of hepatic steatosi...BACKGROUND Hepatic steatosis is a very common problem worldwide.AIM To assess the performance of two-and six-point Dixon magnetic resonance(MR)techniques in the detection,quantification and grading of hepatic steatosis.METHODS A single-center retrospective study was performed in 62 patients with suspected parenchymal liver disease.MR sequences included two-point Dixon,six-point Dixon,MR spectroscopy(MRS)and MR elastography.Fat fraction(FF)estimates on the Dixon techniques were compared to the MRS-proton density FF(PDFF).Statistical tests used included Pearson’s correlation and receiver operating characteristic.RESULTS FF estimates on the Dixon techniques showed excellent correlation(≥0.95)with MRS-PDFF,and excellent accuracy[area under the receiver operating characteristic(AUROC)≥0.95]in:(1)Detecting steatosis;and(2)Grading severe steatosis,(P<0.001).In iron overload,two-point Dixon was not evaluable due to confounding T2*effects.FF estimates on six-point Dixon vs MRS-PDFF showed a moderate correlation(0.82)in iron overload vs an excellent correlation(0.97)without iron overload,(P<0.03).The accuracy of six-point Dixon in grading mild steatosis improved(AUROC:0.59 to 0.99)when iron overload cases were excluded.The excellent correlation(>0.9)between the Dixon techniques vs MRSPDFF did not change in the presence of liver fibrosis(P<0.01).CONCLUSION Dixon techniques performed satisfactorily for the evaluation of hepatic steatosis but with exceptions.展开更多
Aim: The simultaneous irradiation of target volumes of different total dose levels using intensity modulated radiotherapy leads to reduced doses per fraction and longer treatment times in target volumes of 2nd?to 4th?...Aim: The simultaneous irradiation of target volumes of different total dose levels using intensity modulated radiotherapy leads to reduced doses per fraction and longer treatment times in target volumes of 2nd?to 4th?order. Does the thereby caused reduced biological effectiveness induce an increased recurrence risk? The current work deals with the problem of recurrences of patients with head and neck carcinomas treated either with an intensitiy (IMRT) or with a volumetric modulated (VMAT) irradiation technique. Methods: From October 2002 to September 2014, 699 patients with carcinomas of the head and neck were irradiated using IMRT or VMAT. The median follow up of the patients was 21.9 months (2 to 145 months). Primary tumor regions (1st?order target volume) of 565 patients were treated with doses per fraction of 2 Gy. Accordingly, further 133 target volumes of the primary tumor received reduced doses per fraction. In 1 patient, the lymphatic drainage was treated solely without irradiation of the primary region. For the lympatic drainage, 854 1st?order target volumes were treated with a dose per fraction of 2 Gy. Reduced doses per fraction were applied to further 1780 target volumes. Results: 54 of 699 patients developed a recurrence in the primary tumor region after radio-(chemo) therapy, 4 patients developed a recurrence of the primary tumor and a unilateral recurrence of the lymphatic drainage, 2 patients a recurrence of the primary tumor and a bilateral lymph node recurrence. 18 patients showed an isolated unilateral recurrence and additionally 2 patients a bilateral recurrence of the lymphatic drainage. 619 patients stayed recurrence free. In primary tumor regions, receiving a dose per fraction of 2 Gy 55 patients (9.7%) developed a recurrence, whereas in target volumes receiving a reduced dose per fraction 5 patients (3.8%) developed a recurrence (p < 0.001). In lympatic drainage target volumes receiving a dose per fraction of 2 Gy, 25 target volumes (2.9%) developed a recurrence, whereas in target volumes receiving a reduced dose per fraction, 5 patients (0.3%) developed a recurrence (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The recurrence risk in target volumes of 2nd?to 4th?order was not increased due to reduced doses per fraction deposited by means of a simultaneous integrated boost technique. Therefore, the simultaneous irradiation of target volumes with different dose levels is safely applicable within one treatment plan.展开更多
BACKGROUND Adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs)and the stromal vascular fraction(SVF)have garnered substantial interest in regenerative medicine due to their potential to treat a wide range of conditions.Traditional enzy...BACKGROUND Adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs)and the stromal vascular fraction(SVF)have garnered substantial interest in regenerative medicine due to their potential to treat a wide range of conditions.Traditional enzymatic methods for isolating these cells face challenges such as high costs,lengthy processing time,and regulatory complexities.AIM This systematic review aimed to assess the efficacy and practicality of nonenzymatic,mechanical methods for isolating SVF and ADSCs,comparing these to conventional enzymatic approaches.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines,a comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases.Studies were selected based on inclusion criteria focused on non-enzymatic isolation methods for SVF and ADSCs from adipose tissue.The risk of bias was assessed,and a qualitative synthesis of findings was performed due to the methodological heterogeneity of the included studies.RESULTS Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria,highlighting various mechanical techniques such as centrifugation,vortexing,and ultrasonic cavitation.The review identified significant variability in cell yield and viability,and the integrity of isolated cells across different non-enzymatic methods compared to enzymatic procedures.Despite some advantages of mechanical methods,including reduced processing time and avoidance of enzymatic reagents,the evidence suggests a need for optimization to match the cell quality and therapeutic efficacy achievable with enzymatic isolation.CONCLUSION Non-enzymatic,mechanical methods offer a promising alternative to enzymatic isolation of SVF and ADSCs,potentially simplifying the isolation process and reducing regulatory hurdles.However,further research is necessary to standardize these techniques and ensure consistent,high-quality cell yields for clinical applications.The development of efficient,safe,and reproducible non-enzymatic isolation methods could significantly advance the field of regenerative medicine.展开更多
This paper deals with fractional integro-differential equations involving Hadamard fractional derivatives and nonlinear boundary conditions in an ordered Banach space. The nonlinearity is allowed to be singular with r...This paper deals with fractional integro-differential equations involving Hadamard fractional derivatives and nonlinear boundary conditions in an ordered Banach space. The nonlinearity is allowed to be singular with respect to time variable. Under some monotonicity conditions and noncompactness measure conditions, we use the method of coupled lower and upper L-quasisolutions associated with the mixed monotone iterative technique to investigate the existence of extremal L-quasisolutions. A unique solution between coupled lower and upper L-quasisolutions is also obtained. An example is given to illustrate our theoretical results. The results got in this paper are new and enrich the existing related work.展开更多
The distribution and transformation of added and native Ni in purple soils were investigated with both sequential extraction procedure and isotopic tracer technique.The distribution of added and native Ni was greatly ...The distribution and transformation of added and native Ni in purple soils were investigated with both sequential extraction procedure and isotopic tracer technique.The distribution of added and native Ni was greatly dependent on soil properties.Low soil PH was favorable for soluble plus exchangeable (EX) Fraction,while Fe/Mn oxides and clay for Fe/Mn oxide bound (OX) and residual (RES) fractions. The added Ni,however,has not yet reached the distribution equilibrium up to the 150th day after incubation.This was reflected in the fact that the proportion of EX fraction from added Ni was 150%-600% as much as that of native Ni, while that of RES fraction was only about 80%.Once entering soil, the applied soluble Ni was rapidly transformed into Other fractions, but the organic complexed (OM) fraction of added Ni was relatively stable during incubation.The carbonate bound(CAB) fraction showed a progressive increase and attained a peak value after 0-14 d of incubation and thereafter decreased gradually. The occurrence time of this peak advanced as initial soil PH increased, but the peak would disappear when initial soil pH was higher than 7.5(or containing free CaCO3). The transformation processes of the EX,OX and RES fractions could be described by Elovich and two-constant rate equstions,and the rates were positively correlated with soil pH,CEC and clay.These findings could explain why there are differences in ecological and environmental effects of Ni in different soils and at various intervals.展开更多
The primary productivity of terrestrial ecosystems is influenced by soil phosphorus bioavailability, which depends largely on chemical fractions of phosphorus. The sequential fractionation technique developed by Hedle...The primary productivity of terrestrial ecosystems is influenced by soil phosphorus bioavailability, which depends largely on chemical fractions of phosphorus. The sequential fractionation technique developed by Hedley et al. or its subsequent modification is a well-known method to determine soil phosphorus forms. Hedley sequential fractionation technique separates the phosphorus into fractions based on their different chemical solubilities in extractants with certain chemical properties. Recently, synchrotron-based X-ray absorption near edge structure(XANES) spectroscopy has been employed to measure soil phosphorus species directly and non-invasively. The XANES method provides information concerning local structure and chemical information of target elements at a molecular level. Thus, it can distinguish phosphorus fractions bound by metal oxides or hydroxides(such as Fe, Al, and Ca). In this present work, the phosphorus speciation of topsoil along a glacial foreland chronosequence in Gongga Mountain is determined using these two methods. The changes in soil phosphorus bioavailability along the 120-year-old chronosequence are assessed based on comparisons of the results obtained by these two methods. The results indicate that Hedley sequential fractionation technique shows a greater ability to determine soil bioavailable phosphorus(Resin-P and NaCHO3-P), while XANES is effective in distinguishing phosphorus bound by metal compounds. In the chronosequence, Ca- and Al-bound phosphorus were derived mainly from primary minerals, whose phosphorus contents decreased within 120 years of moraine weathering and soil development. The content of soil bioavailable phosphorus increased rapidly after 30 years since deglaciation. The increasing phosphorus bioavailability promoted the colonizing and primary succession vegetation.展开更多
We newly construct two mutually-conjugate tripartite entangled state representations, based on which we propose the formulation of three-mode entangled fractional Fourier transformation (EFFT) and derive the transfo...We newly construct two mutually-conjugate tripartite entangled state representations, based on which we propose the formulation of three-mode entangled fractional Fourier transformation (EFFT) and derive the transformation kernel. The EFFT's additivity property is proved and the eigenmode of EFFT is derived. As an application, we calculate the EFFT of the three-mode squeezed vacuum state.展开更多
Normally all real world process in a process industry will have time delay.For those processes with time delays,obtaining satisfactory closed loop performances becomes very difficult.In this work,three interacting cyl...Normally all real world process in a process industry will have time delay.For those processes with time delays,obtaining satisfactory closed loop performances becomes very difficult.In this work,three interacting cylindrical tank process is considered for study and the objective of the work is to compensate for time delays using smith predictor structure and to maintain the level in the third tank.Input/Output data is generated for the three interacting tank process.It is approximated as Integer First Order Plus Dead Time system(IFOPDT)and Fractional First Order Plus Dead Time system(FFOPDT).Smith predictor based fractional order Proportional Integral controller and Integer order Proportional Integral controller is designed for the IFOPDT and FFOPDT model using frequency response technique and their closed loop performance indices are compared and tabulated.The servo and regulatory responses are simulated using Matlab/Simulink.展开更多
In the present paper, an efficient algorithm based on the continued fractions theory was established for the universal Y’s functions of space dynamics. The algorithm is valid for any conic motion (elliptic, parabolic...In the present paper, an efficient algorithm based on the continued fractions theory was established for the universal Y’s functions of space dynamics. The algorithm is valid for any conic motion (elliptic, parabolic or hyperbolic).展开更多
An orthogonal wavelet transform fractionally spaced blind equalization algorithm based on the optimization of genetic algorithm(WTFSE-GA) is proposed in viewof the lowconvergence rate,large steady-state mean square er...An orthogonal wavelet transform fractionally spaced blind equalization algorithm based on the optimization of genetic algorithm(WTFSE-GA) is proposed in viewof the lowconvergence rate,large steady-state mean square error and local convergence of traditional constant modulus blind equalization algorithm(CMA).The proposed algorithm can reduce the signal autocorrelation through the orthogonal wavelet transform of input signal of fractionally spaced blind equalizer,and decrease the possibility of CMA local convergence by using the global random search characteristics of genetic algorithm to optimize the equalizer weight vector.The proposed algorithm has the faster convergence rate and smaller mean square error compared with FSE and WT-FSE.The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is proved by computer simulation of underwater acoustic channels.展开更多
By virtue of the method of integration within ordered product(IWOP)of operators we find the normally ordered form of the optical wavelet-fractional squeezing combinatorial transform(WFrST)operator.The way we successfu...By virtue of the method of integration within ordered product(IWOP)of operators we find the normally ordered form of the optical wavelet-fractional squeezing combinatorial transform(WFrST)operator.The way we successfully combine them to realize the integration transform kernel of WFr ST is making full use of the completeness relation of Dirac’s ket–bra representation.The WFr ST can play role in analyzing and recognizing quantum states,for instance,we apply this new transform to identify the vacuum state,the single-particle state,and their superposition state.展开更多
Fractional-in-space Allen-Cahn equation containing a very strong nonlinear source term and small perturbation shows metastability and a quartic double well potential.Using a finite volume unstructured triangular mesh ...Fractional-in-space Allen-Cahn equation containing a very strong nonlinear source term and small perturbation shows metastability and a quartic double well potential.Using a finite volume unstructured triangular mesh method, the present paper solves the twodimensional fractional-in-space Allen-Cahn equation with homogeneous Neumann boundary condition on different irregular domains. The efficiency of the method is presented through numerical computation of the two-dimensional fractional-in-space Allen-Cahn equation on different domains.展开更多
By establishing the relation between the optical scaled fractional Fourier transform (FFT) and quantum mechanical squeezing-rotating operator transform, we employ the bipartite entangled state representation of two-...By establishing the relation between the optical scaled fractional Fourier transform (FFT) and quantum mechanical squeezing-rotating operator transform, we employ the bipartite entangled state representation of two-mode squeezing operator to extend the scaled FFT to more general cases, such as scaled complex FFT and entangled scaled FFT. The additiyity and eigenmodes are presented in quantum version. The relation between the scaled FFT and squeezing-rotating Wigner operator is studied.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11775208)the Foundation for Young Talents at the College of Anhui Province,China(Grant Nos.gxyq2021210 and gxyq2019077)the Natural Science Foundation of the Anhui Higher Education Institutions of China(Grant Nos.KJ2020A0638 and 2022AH051586)。
文摘In our previous papers,the classical fractional Fourier transform theory was incorporated into the quantum theoretical system using the theoretical method of quantum optics,and the calculation produced quantum mechanical operators corresponding to the generation of fractional Fourier transform.The core function of the coordinate-momentum exchange operators in the addition law of fractional Fourier transform was analyzed too.In this paper,the bivariate operator Hermite polynomial theory and the technique of integration within an ordered product of operators(IWOP)are used to establish the entanglement fractional Fourier transform theory to the extent of quantum.A new function generating formula and an operator for generating quantum entangled fractional Fourier transform are obtained using the fractional Fourier transform relationship in a pair of conjugated entangled state representations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10632040)
文摘Comparisons of the common methods for obtaining the periodic responses show that the harmonic balance method with alternating frequency/time (HB-AFT) do- main technique has some advantages in dealing with nonlinear problems of fractional exponential models. By the HB-AFT method, a rigid rotor supported by ball bearings with nonlinearity of Hertz contact and ball passage vibrations is considered. With the aid of the Floquet theory, the movement characteristics of interval stability are deeply studied. Besides, a simple strategy to determine the monodromy matrix is proposed for the stability analysis.
文摘Starting from the optical fractional Fourier transform (FFT) and using the technique of integration withinan ordered product of operators we establish a formalism of FFT for quantum mechanical wave functions. In doing so, theessence of FFT can be seen more clearly, and the FFT of some wave functions can be derived more directly and concisely.We also point out that different FFT integral kernels correspond to different quantum mechanical representations. Theyare generalized FFT. The relationship between the FFT and the rotated Wigner operator is studied by virtue of theWeyl ordered form of the Wigner operator.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatic steatosis is a very common problem worldwide.AIM To assess the performance of two-and six-point Dixon magnetic resonance(MR)techniques in the detection,quantification and grading of hepatic steatosis.METHODS A single-center retrospective study was performed in 62 patients with suspected parenchymal liver disease.MR sequences included two-point Dixon,six-point Dixon,MR spectroscopy(MRS)and MR elastography.Fat fraction(FF)estimates on the Dixon techniques were compared to the MRS-proton density FF(PDFF).Statistical tests used included Pearson’s correlation and receiver operating characteristic.RESULTS FF estimates on the Dixon techniques showed excellent correlation(≥0.95)with MRS-PDFF,and excellent accuracy[area under the receiver operating characteristic(AUROC)≥0.95]in:(1)Detecting steatosis;and(2)Grading severe steatosis,(P<0.001).In iron overload,two-point Dixon was not evaluable due to confounding T2*effects.FF estimates on six-point Dixon vs MRS-PDFF showed a moderate correlation(0.82)in iron overload vs an excellent correlation(0.97)without iron overload,(P<0.03).The accuracy of six-point Dixon in grading mild steatosis improved(AUROC:0.59 to 0.99)when iron overload cases were excluded.The excellent correlation(>0.9)between the Dixon techniques vs MRSPDFF did not change in the presence of liver fibrosis(P<0.01).CONCLUSION Dixon techniques performed satisfactorily for the evaluation of hepatic steatosis but with exceptions.
文摘Aim: The simultaneous irradiation of target volumes of different total dose levels using intensity modulated radiotherapy leads to reduced doses per fraction and longer treatment times in target volumes of 2nd?to 4th?order. Does the thereby caused reduced biological effectiveness induce an increased recurrence risk? The current work deals with the problem of recurrences of patients with head and neck carcinomas treated either with an intensitiy (IMRT) or with a volumetric modulated (VMAT) irradiation technique. Methods: From October 2002 to September 2014, 699 patients with carcinomas of the head and neck were irradiated using IMRT or VMAT. The median follow up of the patients was 21.9 months (2 to 145 months). Primary tumor regions (1st?order target volume) of 565 patients were treated with doses per fraction of 2 Gy. Accordingly, further 133 target volumes of the primary tumor received reduced doses per fraction. In 1 patient, the lymphatic drainage was treated solely without irradiation of the primary region. For the lympatic drainage, 854 1st?order target volumes were treated with a dose per fraction of 2 Gy. Reduced doses per fraction were applied to further 1780 target volumes. Results: 54 of 699 patients developed a recurrence in the primary tumor region after radio-(chemo) therapy, 4 patients developed a recurrence of the primary tumor and a unilateral recurrence of the lymphatic drainage, 2 patients a recurrence of the primary tumor and a bilateral lymph node recurrence. 18 patients showed an isolated unilateral recurrence and additionally 2 patients a bilateral recurrence of the lymphatic drainage. 619 patients stayed recurrence free. In primary tumor regions, receiving a dose per fraction of 2 Gy 55 patients (9.7%) developed a recurrence, whereas in target volumes receiving a reduced dose per fraction 5 patients (3.8%) developed a recurrence (p < 0.001). In lympatic drainage target volumes receiving a dose per fraction of 2 Gy, 25 target volumes (2.9%) developed a recurrence, whereas in target volumes receiving a reduced dose per fraction, 5 patients (0.3%) developed a recurrence (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The recurrence risk in target volumes of 2nd?to 4th?order was not increased due to reduced doses per fraction deposited by means of a simultaneous integrated boost technique. Therefore, the simultaneous irradiation of target volumes with different dose levels is safely applicable within one treatment plan.
文摘BACKGROUND Adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs)and the stromal vascular fraction(SVF)have garnered substantial interest in regenerative medicine due to their potential to treat a wide range of conditions.Traditional enzymatic methods for isolating these cells face challenges such as high costs,lengthy processing time,and regulatory complexities.AIM This systematic review aimed to assess the efficacy and practicality of nonenzymatic,mechanical methods for isolating SVF and ADSCs,comparing these to conventional enzymatic approaches.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines,a comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases.Studies were selected based on inclusion criteria focused on non-enzymatic isolation methods for SVF and ADSCs from adipose tissue.The risk of bias was assessed,and a qualitative synthesis of findings was performed due to the methodological heterogeneity of the included studies.RESULTS Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria,highlighting various mechanical techniques such as centrifugation,vortexing,and ultrasonic cavitation.The review identified significant variability in cell yield and viability,and the integrity of isolated cells across different non-enzymatic methods compared to enzymatic procedures.Despite some advantages of mechanical methods,including reduced processing time and avoidance of enzymatic reagents,the evidence suggests a need for optimization to match the cell quality and therapeutic efficacy achievable with enzymatic isolation.CONCLUSION Non-enzymatic,mechanical methods offer a promising alternative to enzymatic isolation of SVF and ADSCs,potentially simplifying the isolation process and reducing regulatory hurdles.However,further research is necessary to standardize these techniques and ensure consistent,high-quality cell yields for clinical applications.The development of efficient,safe,and reproducible non-enzymatic isolation methods could significantly advance the field of regenerative medicine.
文摘This paper deals with fractional integro-differential equations involving Hadamard fractional derivatives and nonlinear boundary conditions in an ordered Banach space. The nonlinearity is allowed to be singular with respect to time variable. Under some monotonicity conditions and noncompactness measure conditions, we use the method of coupled lower and upper L-quasisolutions associated with the mixed monotone iterative technique to investigate the existence of extremal L-quasisolutions. A unique solution between coupled lower and upper L-quasisolutions is also obtained. An example is given to illustrate our theoretical results. The results got in this paper are new and enrich the existing related work.
基金Project(2019YFC1803601)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(2022)supported by the Complementary Fund from the Guizhou Provincial Department of Science and Technology,China。
文摘The distribution and transformation of added and native Ni in purple soils were investigated with both sequential extraction procedure and isotopic tracer technique.The distribution of added and native Ni was greatly dependent on soil properties.Low soil PH was favorable for soluble plus exchangeable (EX) Fraction,while Fe/Mn oxides and clay for Fe/Mn oxide bound (OX) and residual (RES) fractions. The added Ni,however,has not yet reached the distribution equilibrium up to the 150th day after incubation.This was reflected in the fact that the proportion of EX fraction from added Ni was 150%-600% as much as that of native Ni, while that of RES fraction was only about 80%.Once entering soil, the applied soluble Ni was rapidly transformed into Other fractions, but the organic complexed (OM) fraction of added Ni was relatively stable during incubation.The carbonate bound(CAB) fraction showed a progressive increase and attained a peak value after 0-14 d of incubation and thereafter decreased gradually. The occurrence time of this peak advanced as initial soil PH increased, but the peak would disappear when initial soil pH was higher than 7.5(or containing free CaCO3). The transformation processes of the EX,OX and RES fractions could be described by Elovich and two-constant rate equstions,and the rates were positively correlated with soil pH,CEC and clay.These findings could explain why there are differences in ecological and environmental effects of Ni in different soils and at various intervals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41272220)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.KZCX2-YW-BR-21 and KZZD-EW-TZ-06)
文摘The primary productivity of terrestrial ecosystems is influenced by soil phosphorus bioavailability, which depends largely on chemical fractions of phosphorus. The sequential fractionation technique developed by Hedley et al. or its subsequent modification is a well-known method to determine soil phosphorus forms. Hedley sequential fractionation technique separates the phosphorus into fractions based on their different chemical solubilities in extractants with certain chemical properties. Recently, synchrotron-based X-ray absorption near edge structure(XANES) spectroscopy has been employed to measure soil phosphorus species directly and non-invasively. The XANES method provides information concerning local structure and chemical information of target elements at a molecular level. Thus, it can distinguish phosphorus fractions bound by metal oxides or hydroxides(such as Fe, Al, and Ca). In this present work, the phosphorus speciation of topsoil along a glacial foreland chronosequence in Gongga Mountain is determined using these two methods. The changes in soil phosphorus bioavailability along the 120-year-old chronosequence are assessed based on comparisons of the results obtained by these two methods. The results indicate that Hedley sequential fractionation technique shows a greater ability to determine soil bioavailable phosphorus(Resin-P and NaCHO3-P), while XANES is effective in distinguishing phosphorus bound by metal compounds. In the chronosequence, Ca- and Al-bound phosphorus were derived mainly from primary minerals, whose phosphorus contents decreased within 120 years of moraine weathering and soil development. The content of soil bioavailable phosphorus increased rapidly after 30 years since deglaciation. The increasing phosphorus bioavailability promoted the colonizing and primary succession vegetation.
基金Project supported by the Specialized Research Fund for Doctoral Program of High Education of Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10874174 and 10947017/A05)
文摘We newly construct two mutually-conjugate tripartite entangled state representations, based on which we propose the formulation of three-mode entangled fractional Fourier transformation (EFFT) and derive the transformation kernel. The EFFT's additivity property is proved and the eigenmode of EFFT is derived. As an application, we calculate the EFFT of the three-mode squeezed vacuum state.
文摘Normally all real world process in a process industry will have time delay.For those processes with time delays,obtaining satisfactory closed loop performances becomes very difficult.In this work,three interacting cylindrical tank process is considered for study and the objective of the work is to compensate for time delays using smith predictor structure and to maintain the level in the third tank.Input/Output data is generated for the three interacting tank process.It is approximated as Integer First Order Plus Dead Time system(IFOPDT)and Fractional First Order Plus Dead Time system(FFOPDT).Smith predictor based fractional order Proportional Integral controller and Integer order Proportional Integral controller is designed for the IFOPDT and FFOPDT model using frequency response technique and their closed loop performance indices are compared and tabulated.The servo and regulatory responses are simulated using Matlab/Simulink.
文摘In the present paper, an efficient algorithm based on the continued fractions theory was established for the universal Y’s functions of space dynamics. The algorithm is valid for any conic motion (elliptic, parabolic or hyperbolic).
基金Sponsored by the Nature Science Foundation of Jiangsu(BK2009410)
文摘An orthogonal wavelet transform fractionally spaced blind equalization algorithm based on the optimization of genetic algorithm(WTFSE-GA) is proposed in viewof the lowconvergence rate,large steady-state mean square error and local convergence of traditional constant modulus blind equalization algorithm(CMA).The proposed algorithm can reduce the signal autocorrelation through the orthogonal wavelet transform of input signal of fractionally spaced blind equalizer,and decrease the possibility of CMA local convergence by using the global random search characteristics of genetic algorithm to optimize the equalizer weight vector.The proposed algorithm has the faster convergence rate and smaller mean square error compared with FSE and WT-FSE.The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is proved by computer simulation of underwater acoustic channels.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11304126)the College Students’Innovation Training Program(Grant No.202110299696X)。
文摘By virtue of the method of integration within ordered product(IWOP)of operators we find the normally ordered form of the optical wavelet-fractional squeezing combinatorial transform(WFrST)operator.The way we successfully combine them to realize the integration transform kernel of WFr ST is making full use of the completeness relation of Dirac’s ket–bra representation.The WFr ST can play role in analyzing and recognizing quantum states,for instance,we apply this new transform to identify the vacuum state,the single-particle state,and their superposition state.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11105040,61773153)Supported by the Foundation of Henan Educational Committee(18B110003,15A110015)+1 种基金Supported by the Excellent Young Scientific Talents Cultivation Foundation of Henan University(yqpy20140037)Supported by the Science and Technology Program of Henan Province(162300410061)
文摘Fractional-in-space Allen-Cahn equation containing a very strong nonlinear source term and small perturbation shows metastability and a quartic double well potential.Using a finite volume unstructured triangular mesh method, the present paper solves the twodimensional fractional-in-space Allen-Cahn equation with homogeneous Neumann boundary condition on different irregular domains. The efficiency of the method is presented through numerical computation of the two-dimensional fractional-in-space Allen-Cahn equation on different domains.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.10775097,10874174,and 10647133the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province under Grant Nos.2007GQS1906 and 2007GZS1871the Research Foundation of the Education Department of Jiangxi Province under Grant No.[2007]22
文摘By establishing the relation between the optical scaled fractional Fourier transform (FFT) and quantum mechanical squeezing-rotating operator transform, we employ the bipartite entangled state representation of two-mode squeezing operator to extend the scaled FFT to more general cases, such as scaled complex FFT and entangled scaled FFT. The additiyity and eigenmodes are presented in quantum version. The relation between the scaled FFT and squeezing-rotating Wigner operator is studied.