In the past few decades,robotics research has witnessed an increasingly high interest in miniaturized,intelligent,and integrated robots.The imperative component of a robot is the actuator that determines its performan...In the past few decades,robotics research has witnessed an increasingly high interest in miniaturized,intelligent,and integrated robots.The imperative component of a robot is the actuator that determines its performance.Although traditional rigid drives such as motors and gas engines have shown great prevalence in most macroscale circumstances,the reduction of these drives to the millimeter or even lower scale results in a significant increase in manufacturing difficulty accompanied by a remarkable performance decline.Biohybrid robots driven by living cells can be a potential solution to overcome these drawbacks by benefiting from the intrinsic microscale self-assembly of living tissues and high energy efficiency,which,among other unprecedented properties,also feature flexibility,self-repair,and even multiple degrees of freedom.This paper systematically reviews the development of biohybrid robots.First,the development of biological flexible drivers is introduced while emphasizing on their advantages over traditional drivers.Second,up-to-date works regarding biohybrid robots are reviewed in detail from three aspects:biological driving sources,actuator materials,and structures with associated control methodologies.Finally,the potential future applications and major challenges of biohybrid robots are explored.展开更多
In this study, it was to investigate the swelling performance of novel biohybrid composite hydrogel sorbents containing acrylamide/potassium 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate/sodium alginate/bentonite in water and binary mix...In this study, it was to investigate the swelling performance of novel biohybrid composite hydrogel sorbents containing acrylamide/potassium 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate/sodium alginate/bentonite in water and binary mixtures of water-solvent. Novel hydrogels were synthesized with free radical solution polymerization by using ammonium persulfate/N,N,N’,N’-tetramethylethylenediamine as redox initiating pair in presence of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate as crosslinker. Swelling experiments were performed in water and binary mixtures of water-solvent (acetone, methanol and tetrahydrofuran) at 25°C, gravimetrically. Some swelling and diffusion properties of the hydrogels were calculated and they were discussed for the biohybrid/hybrid hydrogel systems prepared under various formulations. It has been seen the lower equilibrium percentage swelling ratio values (62% - 124%) in all solvent compositions in comparison with the equilibrium percentage swelling ratio values in water (718% - 2055%). Consequently, the hydrogel systems developed in this study could serve as a potential device for water and water-solvent binary mixtures.展开更多
Novel sorbent hydrogels containing acrylamide/sodium vinylsulfonate, carboxymethyl cellulose and zeolite were synthesized with free radical solution polymerization by using ammonium persulfate/<i><span style=...Novel sorbent hydrogels containing acrylamide/sodium vinylsulfonate, carboxymethyl cellulose and zeolite were synthesized with free radical solution polymerization by using ammonium persulfate/<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">N</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">N</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">N’</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">N’</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-tetramethylethyle</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">nediamine as redox initiating pair in presence of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate as crosslinker. It was to investigate the water uptake properties of series of the novel hydrogels, the semi IPNs and the hybrid/biohybrid composite hydrogel sorbents synthesized in this study. Water uptake studies were performed in water and in water-solvent (acetone, methanol and tetrahydrofuran) binary mixtures at 25</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C, gravimetrically. Some swelling and diffusion parameters were calculated and discussed. It has been seen that the lower equilibrium swelling factor values in all solvent compositions in comparison with the equilibrium swelling factor values in water.</span></span></span></span>展开更多
Hydrogen is garnering growing attention as a green energy source with zero carbon emissions.However,most hydrogen production technologies still rely on the consumption of fossil fuels and are therefore unsustainable.T...Hydrogen is garnering growing attention as a green energy source with zero carbon emissions.However,most hydrogen production technologies still rely on the consumption of fossil fuels and are therefore unsustainable.This has driven the search for more environmentally friendly methods of hydrogen production.In this work,we present an innovative approach to enhance hydrogen generation via electrostatic interaction in the Escherichia coli and defective titanium dioxide(TiO_(2−x))biohybrids.Our method involves narrowing the forbidden bandwidth of TiO2 while introducing defect bands into its conduction band to facilitate visible light absorption and efficient charge separation.This biohybrid system,consisting of E.coli and TiO_(2−x),demonstrates a remarkable capability to produce 1.25 mmol of hydrogen within a 3-h timeframe under visible light irradiation.This accomplishment signifies a 3.31-fold rise in hydrogen production in comparison to E.coli,signifying a substantial enhancement in hydrogen production efficiency.Furthermore,we delve into the alterations in biological metabolites associated with hydrogen production and the changes in electron transfer in different biohybrid systems.It provides valuable insights into the understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms that drive the process.This work introduces a novel and promising avenue for achieving this exciting goal.展开更多
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly being applied to a wide range of fields,including medicine,and has been considered as an approach that may augment or substitute human professionals in primary healthcare.Howeve...Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly being applied to a wide range of fields,including medicine,and has been considered as an approach that may augment or substitute human professionals in primary healthcare.However,AI also raises several challenges and ethical concerns.In this article,the author investigates and discusses three aspects of AI in medicine and healthcare:the application and promises of AI,special ethical concerns pertaining to AI in some frontier fields,and suggestive ethical governance systems.Despite great potentials of frontier AI research and development in the field of medical care,the ethical challenges induced by its applications has put forward new requirements for governance.To ensure “trustworthy” AI applications in healthcare and medicine,the creation of an ethical global governance framework and system as well as special guidelines for frontier AI applications in medicine are suggested.The most important aspects include the roles of governments in ethical auditing and the responsibilities of stakeholders in the ethical governance system.展开更多
Abiotic-biological hybrid systems that combine the advantages of abiotic catalysis and biotransformation for the conversion of carbon dioxide(CO2)to value-added chemicals and fuels have emerged as an appealing way to ...Abiotic-biological hybrid systems that combine the advantages of abiotic catalysis and biotransformation for the conversion of carbon dioxide(CO2)to value-added chemicals and fuels have emerged as an appealing way to address the global energy and environmental crisis caused by increased CO2 emission.We illustrate the recent progress in this field.Here,we first review the natural CO2 fixation pathways for an in-depth understanding of the biological CO2 transformation strategy and why a sustainable feed of reducing power is important.Second,we review the recent progress in the construction of abiotic-biological hybrid systems for CO2 transformation from two aspects:(i)microbial electrosynthesis systems that utilize electricity to support whole-cell biological CO2 conversion to products of interest and(ii)photosynthetic semiconductor biohybrid systems that integrate semiconductor nanomaterials with CO2-fixing microorganisms to harness solar energy for biological CO2 transformation.Lastly,we discuss potential approaches for further improvement of abiotic-biological hybrid systems.展开更多
Synergistically combining biological whole-cell bacteria with man-made semiconductor materials innovates the way for sustainable solar-driven CO_(2)fixation,showing great promise to break through the bottleneck in tra...Synergistically combining biological whole-cell bacteria with man-made semiconductor materials innovates the way for sustainable solar-driven CO_(2)fixation,showing great promise to break through the bottleneck in traditional chemical photocatalyst systems.However,most of the biohybrids require uneconomical organic nutrients and anaerobic conditions for the successful cultivation of the bacteria to sustain the CO_(2)fixation,which severely limits their economic viability and applicability for practical application.Herein,we present an inorganic-biological hybrid system composed of obligate autotrophic bacteria Thiobacillus thioparus(T.thioparus)and CdS nanoparticles(NPs)biologically precipitated on the bacterial surface,which can achieve efficient CO_(2)fixation based entirely on cost-effective inorganic salts and without the restriction of anaerobic conditions.The optimized interface between CdS NPs and T.thioparus formed by biological precipitation plays an essential role for T.thioparus efficiently receiving photogenerated electrons from CdS NPs and thus changing the autotrophic way from chemoautotroph to photoautotroph.As a result,the CdS-T.thioparus biohybrid realizes the solar-driven CO_(2)fixation to produce multi-carbon glutamate synthase and biomass under visible-light irradiation with CO_(2)as the only carbon source.This work provides significant inspiration for the further exploration of the solar-driven self-replicating biocatalytic system to achieve CO_(2)fixation and conversion.展开更多
Micro-and nanorobotic is an emerging field of research arising from the cross-fusion of micro/nano technology and robotics and has become an important part of robotics. Micro-and nanorobots have the advantages of smal...Micro-and nanorobotic is an emerging field of research arising from the cross-fusion of micro/nano technology and robotics and has become an important part of robotics. Micro-and nanorobots have the advantages of small size, low weight, large thrust-toweight ratio, high flexibility, and high sensitivity. Due to the characteristics distinguishing from macroscopic robots, micro-and nanorobots have stimulated the research interest of the scientific community and opened up numerous application fields such as drug delivery and disease diagnosis. In the past 30 years, research on micro-and nanorobots has made considerable progress.This article provides a comprehensive overview of the development of these robots. First, the application of the robots is reviewed. Then, the key components of the robots are discussed separately, covering their actuation, design, fabrication and control. In addition, from the perspectives of intelligence and sensing, clinical applications, materials and performance, the challenges that may be encountered in the development of such robots in the future are discussed. Finally, the entire article is summarized, and concepts for future micro-and nanorobots are described.展开更多
Living electronics that converges the unique functioning modality of biological and electrical circuits has the potential to transform both fundamental biophysical/biochemical inquiries and translational biomedical/en...Living electronics that converges the unique functioning modality of biological and electrical circuits has the potential to transform both fundamental biophysical/biochemical inquiries and translational biomedical/engineering applications.This article will review recent progress in overcoming the intrinsic physiochemical and signaling mismatches at biological/electronic interfaces,with specific focus on strategic approaches in forging the functional synergy through:(1)biohybrid electronics,where genetically encoded bio-machineries are hybridized with electronic transducers to facilitate the translation/interpretation of biologically derived signals;and(2)biosynthetic electronics,where biogenic electron pathways are designed and programmed to bridge the gap between internal biological and external electrical circuits.These efforts are reconstructing the way that artificial electronics communicate with living systems,and opening up new possibilities for many cross-disciplinary applications in biosynthesis,sensing,energy transduction,and hybrid information processing.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting has emerged as a promising approach for engineering functional tissues and organs by layer-by-layer precise positioning of biological materials,living cells,and biochemical components....Three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting has emerged as a promising approach for engineering functional tissues and organs by layer-by-layer precise positioning of biological materials,living cells,and biochemical components.Compared with nonbiological printing,3D bioprinting involves additional complexities and technical challenges owing to the processing of living cells,such as the appropriate biomaterials that fulfill the requirements for both printability and functionality.In this review,we first introduce the development course of 3D bioprinting,highlighting innovative forms of living building blocks and advances in enabling techniques of 3D bioprinting.We then summarize the state-of-the-art advancements in 3D bioprinting for biomedical applications,including macroscale tissue or organ bioprinting,disease modeling,microphysiological systems,biobots,and bioprinting in space.Despite the rapid development of 3D bioprinting over the past decades,most 3D bioprinted tissue or organ constructs are still far from being suitable for clinical translation,and it is necessary for the field of bioprinting to shift its focus from shape mimicking towards functionality development.Therefore,we provide our perspectives on this burgeoning field with an emphasis on functional maturation post printing and translational applications at the bedside.展开更多
发展新型绿色、高效、低能耗和可持续的微生物修复技术用于处理氯代烯烃污染十分必要.专性有机卤化物呼吸菌能专一高效地去除氯代有机污染物,但在实际修复过程中电子供体如氢气的不足限制了其应用,因此寻找合适的供氢方式十分重要.利用...发展新型绿色、高效、低能耗和可持续的微生物修复技术用于处理氯代烯烃污染十分必要.专性有机卤化物呼吸菌能专一高效地去除氯代有机污染物,但在实际修复过程中电子供体如氢气的不足限制了其应用,因此寻找合适的供氢方式十分重要.利用光催化水解产氢为微生物提供电子供体可能是一种理想方式,然而国内外尚未有半人工光合系统驱动微生物脱卤呼吸的相关研究.本文利用脱卤拟球菌Dehalococcoides mccartyi菌株195(Dhc195)与硼掺杂石墨相氮化碳纳米片构建了B-C3N4-NS-Dhc195生物杂化体系,探究可见光驱动其对三氯乙烯(TCE)进行厌氧还原脱氯的可行性.研究结果表明,在(25±5) W m^(-2)的低强度可见光下该生物杂化体系可持续稳定地将TCE逐步还原脱氯至乙烯(ETH),脱氯速率为(1.13±0.13)μmol L^(-1)d^(-1);该杂化体系内检测到氢气生成,对Dhc195脱氯的用氢量进行衡算,其氢气利用率达84%.这表明可见光下光催化剂分解水产氢,脱氯菌利用氢气作为电子供体还原TCE,从而实现可见光驱动微生物脱卤呼吸.本研究提出了一种间接利用光能实现微生物处理氯代有机污染物的方法,对氯代有机污染物的绿色、低碳、可持续治理和修复具有启发意义.展开更多
利用半人工光合系统(非光合微生物-纳米半导体生物杂化体系)将二氧化碳转化为高热值的甲烷有助于缓解全球温室效应和能源危机.作为生物杂化体系的关键组分,纳米半导体颗粒的结构及性质显著影响生物杂化体系的性能.本研究以油菜花粉为原...利用半人工光合系统(非光合微生物-纳米半导体生物杂化体系)将二氧化碳转化为高热值的甲烷有助于缓解全球温室效应和能源危机.作为生物杂化体系的关键组分,纳米半导体颗粒的结构及性质显著影响生物杂化体系的性能.本研究以油菜花粉为原料,成功构建Methanosarcina barkeri-天然碳基半导体生物杂化体系(M. barkeriNCS),并将其应用于二氧化碳还原产甲烷过程.结果表明,所制备的天然碳基半导体具有可见光响应好、孔体积大等优势.在可见光(1.0±0.2 mW/cm2)照射下, M. barkeri-NCS生物杂化体系具有良好的光电性能,其甲烷产量最高可达51±4.5μmol/g.实时荧光定量多聚合酶链式反应结果进一步显示, M. barkeri膜结合氢酶和细胞色素相关基因表达显著上调,尤其是EchB(2.47±0.25倍)和VhtC(2.83±0.15倍),这表明这些基因在生物杂化体系光生电子传递-捕获-利用过程中起着关键作用.该研究结果有望为构建高效的半人工光合系统提供理论支撑.展开更多
The light-driven material-microorganism biohybrid system has the potential to transfer solar energy for chemical production.However,few studies have reported the construction of biohybrid systems using light-responsiv...The light-driven material-microorganism biohybrid system has the potential to transfer solar energy for chemical production.However,few studies have reported the construction of biohybrid systems using light-responsive materials with nonmodel strains that have been widely used in practical industrial production for value-added chemicals,especially with regard to the mechanism of action of photogenerated charges in the cytoplasm,probably due to the complexity of their anabolic pathways.Herein,a biohybrid system as a research mode was constructed by electrostatically self-assembling a highly efficient light-harvesting material of graphite-phase nitrided carbon(g-C_(3)N_(4))nanosheets with nonmodel strains(Phaffia rhodozyma)for synthesis of nutritional chemical astaxanthin.The biohybrid interface enabled efficient separation,transfer,and transport of photogenerated charges from g-C_(3)N_(4) into the interior of P.rhodozyma,which improved the substance metabolism and the energy metabolism of P.rhodozyma.Notably,photogenerated charges can significantly promote the accumulation of precursors along the astaxanthin anabolic pathway and enhance the cytoplasmic redox environment and ATP levels in the interior of P.rhodozyma,even under adverse conditions(such as enzyme inhibitors),thus increasing the yield of astaxanthin compared to the traditional culture of P.rhodozyma.This study not only provides new ideas for converting solar energy into value-added chemicals,but it also provides guidance for regulating microbial synthesis plants.展开更多
基金the Research Project Funding of National University of Defense Technology of China(No.ZK19-33)the National Postdoctoral International Exchange Program Funding for Incoming Postdoctoral Students(postdoctoral No.48127).
文摘In the past few decades,robotics research has witnessed an increasingly high interest in miniaturized,intelligent,and integrated robots.The imperative component of a robot is the actuator that determines its performance.Although traditional rigid drives such as motors and gas engines have shown great prevalence in most macroscale circumstances,the reduction of these drives to the millimeter or even lower scale results in a significant increase in manufacturing difficulty accompanied by a remarkable performance decline.Biohybrid robots driven by living cells can be a potential solution to overcome these drawbacks by benefiting from the intrinsic microscale self-assembly of living tissues and high energy efficiency,which,among other unprecedented properties,also feature flexibility,self-repair,and even multiple degrees of freedom.This paper systematically reviews the development of biohybrid robots.First,the development of biological flexible drivers is introduced while emphasizing on their advantages over traditional drivers.Second,up-to-date works regarding biohybrid robots are reviewed in detail from three aspects:biological driving sources,actuator materials,and structures with associated control methodologies.Finally,the potential future applications and major challenges of biohybrid robots are explored.
基金The work was supported by Adnan Menderes University Research Fund,under project number FEF 15006.
文摘In this study, it was to investigate the swelling performance of novel biohybrid composite hydrogel sorbents containing acrylamide/potassium 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate/sodium alginate/bentonite in water and binary mixtures of water-solvent. Novel hydrogels were synthesized with free radical solution polymerization by using ammonium persulfate/N,N,N’,N’-tetramethylethylenediamine as redox initiating pair in presence of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate as crosslinker. Swelling experiments were performed in water and binary mixtures of water-solvent (acetone, methanol and tetrahydrofuran) at 25°C, gravimetrically. Some swelling and diffusion properties of the hydrogels were calculated and they were discussed for the biohybrid/hybrid hydrogel systems prepared under various formulations. It has been seen the lower equilibrium percentage swelling ratio values (62% - 124%) in all solvent compositions in comparison with the equilibrium percentage swelling ratio values in water (718% - 2055%). Consequently, the hydrogel systems developed in this study could serve as a potential device for water and water-solvent binary mixtures.
文摘Novel sorbent hydrogels containing acrylamide/sodium vinylsulfonate, carboxymethyl cellulose and zeolite were synthesized with free radical solution polymerization by using ammonium persulfate/<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">N</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">N</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">N’</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">N’</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-tetramethylethyle</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">nediamine as redox initiating pair in presence of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate as crosslinker. It was to investigate the water uptake properties of series of the novel hydrogels, the semi IPNs and the hybrid/biohybrid composite hydrogel sorbents synthesized in this study. Water uptake studies were performed in water and in water-solvent (acetone, methanol and tetrahydrofuran) binary mixtures at 25</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C, gravimetrically. Some swelling and diffusion parameters were calculated and discussed. It has been seen that the lower equilibrium swelling factor values in all solvent compositions in comparison with the equilibrium swelling factor values in water.</span></span></span></span>
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52172085,52273287,52202091,and 51825202)the Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Microstructures Manufacturing(Harbin Institute of Technology),Ministry of Education(No.AUEA1890200122)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China for Excellent Young Scholars(No.YQ2022E020)Heilongjiang Touyan Team(No.HITTY-20190036).
文摘Hydrogen is garnering growing attention as a green energy source with zero carbon emissions.However,most hydrogen production technologies still rely on the consumption of fossil fuels and are therefore unsustainable.This has driven the search for more environmentally friendly methods of hydrogen production.In this work,we present an innovative approach to enhance hydrogen generation via electrostatic interaction in the Escherichia coli and defective titanium dioxide(TiO_(2−x))biohybrids.Our method involves narrowing the forbidden bandwidth of TiO2 while introducing defect bands into its conduction band to facilitate visible light absorption and efficient charge separation.This biohybrid system,consisting of E.coli and TiO_(2−x),demonstrates a remarkable capability to produce 1.25 mmol of hydrogen within a 3-h timeframe under visible light irradiation.This accomplishment signifies a 3.31-fold rise in hydrogen production in comparison to E.coli,signifying a substantial enhancement in hydrogen production efficiency.Furthermore,we delve into the alterations in biological metabolites associated with hydrogen production and the changes in electron transfer in different biohybrid systems.It provides valuable insights into the understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms that drive the process.This work introduces a novel and promising avenue for achieving this exciting goal.
文摘Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly being applied to a wide range of fields,including medicine,and has been considered as an approach that may augment or substitute human professionals in primary healthcare.However,AI also raises several challenges and ethical concerns.In this article,the author investigates and discusses three aspects of AI in medicine and healthcare:the application and promises of AI,special ethical concerns pertaining to AI in some frontier fields,and suggestive ethical governance systems.Despite great potentials of frontier AI research and development in the field of medical care,the ethical challenges induced by its applications has put forward new requirements for governance.To ensure “trustworthy” AI applications in healthcare and medicine,the creation of an ethical global governance framework and system as well as special guidelines for frontier AI applications in medicine are suggested.The most important aspects include the roles of governments in ethical auditing and the responsibilities of stakeholders in the ethical governance system.
文摘Abiotic-biological hybrid systems that combine the advantages of abiotic catalysis and biotransformation for the conversion of carbon dioxide(CO2)to value-added chemicals and fuels have emerged as an appealing way to address the global energy and environmental crisis caused by increased CO2 emission.We illustrate the recent progress in this field.Here,we first review the natural CO2 fixation pathways for an in-depth understanding of the biological CO2 transformation strategy and why a sustainable feed of reducing power is important.Second,we review the recent progress in the construction of abiotic-biological hybrid systems for CO2 transformation from two aspects:(i)microbial electrosynthesis systems that utilize electricity to support whole-cell biological CO2 conversion to products of interest and(ii)photosynthetic semiconductor biohybrid systems that integrate semiconductor nanomaterials with CO2-fixing microorganisms to harness solar energy for biological CO2 transformation.Lastly,we discuss potential approaches for further improvement of abiotic-biological hybrid systems.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFA0406103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21725102,91961106,and 91963108),DNL Cooperation Fund,CAS(No.DNL201922)Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS.
文摘Synergistically combining biological whole-cell bacteria with man-made semiconductor materials innovates the way for sustainable solar-driven CO_(2)fixation,showing great promise to break through the bottleneck in traditional chemical photocatalyst systems.However,most of the biohybrids require uneconomical organic nutrients and anaerobic conditions for the successful cultivation of the bacteria to sustain the CO_(2)fixation,which severely limits their economic viability and applicability for practical application.Herein,we present an inorganic-biological hybrid system composed of obligate autotrophic bacteria Thiobacillus thioparus(T.thioparus)and CdS nanoparticles(NPs)biologically precipitated on the bacterial surface,which can achieve efficient CO_(2)fixation based entirely on cost-effective inorganic salts and without the restriction of anaerobic conditions.The optimized interface between CdS NPs and T.thioparus formed by biological precipitation plays an essential role for T.thioparus efficiently receiving photogenerated electrons from CdS NPs and thus changing the autotrophic way from chemoautotroph to photoautotroph.As a result,the CdS-T.thioparus biohybrid realizes the solar-driven CO_(2)fixation to produce multi-carbon glutamate synthase and biomass under visible-light irradiation with CO_(2)as the only carbon source.This work provides significant inspiration for the further exploration of the solar-driven self-replicating biocatalytic system to achieve CO_(2)fixation and conversion.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61673372,91748212,61522312,U1613220,and61433017)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(Grant No.QYZDB-SSW-JSC008)the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams
文摘Micro-and nanorobotic is an emerging field of research arising from the cross-fusion of micro/nano technology and robotics and has become an important part of robotics. Micro-and nanorobots have the advantages of small size, low weight, large thrust-toweight ratio, high flexibility, and high sensitivity. Due to the characteristics distinguishing from macroscopic robots, micro-and nanorobots have stimulated the research interest of the scientific community and opened up numerous application fields such as drug delivery and disease diagnosis. In the past 30 years, research on micro-and nanorobots has made considerable progress.This article provides a comprehensive overview of the development of these robots. First, the application of the robots is reviewed. Then, the key components of the robots are discussed separately, covering their actuation, design, fabrication and control. In addition, from the perspectives of intelligence and sensing, clinical applications, materials and performance, the challenges that may be encountered in the development of such robots in the future are discussed. Finally, the entire article is summarized, and concepts for future micro-and nanorobots are described.
基金X.C.J.acknowledges the funding support from National Science Foundation(DMR-1652095,CBET-1803907)Air Force Office of Scientific Research(FA9550-18-1-0128).
文摘Living electronics that converges the unique functioning modality of biological and electrical circuits has the potential to transform both fundamental biophysical/biochemical inquiries and translational biomedical/engineering applications.This article will review recent progress in overcoming the intrinsic physiochemical and signaling mismatches at biological/electronic interfaces,with specific focus on strategic approaches in forging the functional synergy through:(1)biohybrid electronics,where genetically encoded bio-machineries are hybridized with electronic transducers to facilitate the translation/interpretation of biologically derived signals;and(2)biosynthetic electronics,where biogenic electron pathways are designed and programmed to bridge the gap between internal biological and external electrical circuits.These efforts are reconstructing the way that artificial electronics communicate with living systems,and opening up new possibilities for many cross-disciplinary applications in biosynthesis,sensing,energy transduction,and hybrid information processing.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U21A20394)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFA0703004)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52105306)New Faculty Start-up Funding Provided by Tsinghua University(Grant No.012-53330200421,L.O.)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021TQ0184).
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting has emerged as a promising approach for engineering functional tissues and organs by layer-by-layer precise positioning of biological materials,living cells,and biochemical components.Compared with nonbiological printing,3D bioprinting involves additional complexities and technical challenges owing to the processing of living cells,such as the appropriate biomaterials that fulfill the requirements for both printability and functionality.In this review,we first introduce the development course of 3D bioprinting,highlighting innovative forms of living building blocks and advances in enabling techniques of 3D bioprinting.We then summarize the state-of-the-art advancements in 3D bioprinting for biomedical applications,including macroscale tissue or organ bioprinting,disease modeling,microphysiological systems,biobots,and bioprinting in space.Despite the rapid development of 3D bioprinting over the past decades,most 3D bioprinted tissue or organ constructs are still far from being suitable for clinical translation,and it is necessary for the field of bioprinting to shift its focus from shape mimicking towards functionality development.Therefore,we provide our perspectives on this burgeoning field with an emphasis on functional maturation post printing and translational applications at the bedside.
文摘发展新型绿色、高效、低能耗和可持续的微生物修复技术用于处理氯代烯烃污染十分必要.专性有机卤化物呼吸菌能专一高效地去除氯代有机污染物,但在实际修复过程中电子供体如氢气的不足限制了其应用,因此寻找合适的供氢方式十分重要.利用光催化水解产氢为微生物提供电子供体可能是一种理想方式,然而国内外尚未有半人工光合系统驱动微生物脱卤呼吸的相关研究.本文利用脱卤拟球菌Dehalococcoides mccartyi菌株195(Dhc195)与硼掺杂石墨相氮化碳纳米片构建了B-C3N4-NS-Dhc195生物杂化体系,探究可见光驱动其对三氯乙烯(TCE)进行厌氧还原脱氯的可行性.研究结果表明,在(25±5) W m^(-2)的低强度可见光下该生物杂化体系可持续稳定地将TCE逐步还原脱氯至乙烯(ETH),脱氯速率为(1.13±0.13)μmol L^(-1)d^(-1);该杂化体系内检测到氢气生成,对Dhc195脱氯的用氢量进行衡算,其氢气利用率达84%.这表明可见光下光催化剂分解水产氢,脱氯菌利用氢气作为电子供体还原TCE,从而实现可见光驱动微生物脱卤呼吸.本研究提出了一种间接利用光能实现微生物处理氯代有机污染物的方法,对氯代有机污染物的绿色、低碳、可持续治理和修复具有启发意义.
文摘利用半人工光合系统(非光合微生物-纳米半导体生物杂化体系)将二氧化碳转化为高热值的甲烷有助于缓解全球温室效应和能源危机.作为生物杂化体系的关键组分,纳米半导体颗粒的结构及性质显著影响生物杂化体系的性能.本研究以油菜花粉为原料,成功构建Methanosarcina barkeri-天然碳基半导体生物杂化体系(M. barkeriNCS),并将其应用于二氧化碳还原产甲烷过程.结果表明,所制备的天然碳基半导体具有可见光响应好、孔体积大等优势.在可见光(1.0±0.2 mW/cm2)照射下, M. barkeri-NCS生物杂化体系具有良好的光电性能,其甲烷产量最高可达51±4.5μmol/g.实时荧光定量多聚合酶链式反应结果进一步显示, M. barkeri膜结合氢酶和细胞色素相关基因表达显著上调,尤其是EchB(2.47±0.25倍)和VhtC(2.83±0.15倍),这表明这些基因在生物杂化体系光生电子传递-捕获-利用过程中起着关键作用.该研究结果有望为构建高效的半人工光合系统提供理论支撑.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos.21727808,21971114,and 21908105)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (grant no.BK20200090)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (grant no.21625401).
文摘The light-driven material-microorganism biohybrid system has the potential to transfer solar energy for chemical production.However,few studies have reported the construction of biohybrid systems using light-responsive materials with nonmodel strains that have been widely used in practical industrial production for value-added chemicals,especially with regard to the mechanism of action of photogenerated charges in the cytoplasm,probably due to the complexity of their anabolic pathways.Herein,a biohybrid system as a research mode was constructed by electrostatically self-assembling a highly efficient light-harvesting material of graphite-phase nitrided carbon(g-C_(3)N_(4))nanosheets with nonmodel strains(Phaffia rhodozyma)for synthesis of nutritional chemical astaxanthin.The biohybrid interface enabled efficient separation,transfer,and transport of photogenerated charges from g-C_(3)N_(4) into the interior of P.rhodozyma,which improved the substance metabolism and the energy metabolism of P.rhodozyma.Notably,photogenerated charges can significantly promote the accumulation of precursors along the astaxanthin anabolic pathway and enhance the cytoplasmic redox environment and ATP levels in the interior of P.rhodozyma,even under adverse conditions(such as enzyme inhibitors),thus increasing the yield of astaxanthin compared to the traditional culture of P.rhodozyma.This study not only provides new ideas for converting solar energy into value-added chemicals,but it also provides guidance for regulating microbial synthesis plants.