In the paper, we present a detailed analysis of the takeoff mechanics of fruitflies which perform voluntary takeoff flights. Wing and body kinematics of the insects during takeoff were measured using Based on the meas...In the paper, we present a detailed analysis of the takeoff mechanics of fruitflies which perform voluntary takeoff flights. Wing and body kinematics of the insects during takeoff were measured using Based on the measured data, high-speed video techniques. inertia force acting on the insect was computed and aerodynamic force and moment of the wings were calculated by the method of computational fluid dynamics. Subtracting the aerodynamic force and the weight from the inertia force gave the leg force. The following has been shown. In its voluntary takeoff, a fruitfly jumps during the first wingbeat and becomes airborne at the end of the first wingbeat. When it is in the air, the fly has a relatively large ＂initial＂ pitch-up rotational velocity （more than 5 000~/s） resulting from the jumping, but in about 5 wingbeats, the pitch-up rotation is stopped and the fly goes into a quasi-hovering flight. The fly mainly uses the force of jumping legs to lift itself into the air （the force from the flapping wings during the jumping is only about 5%-10% of the leg force）. The main role played by the flapping wings in the takeoff is to produce a pitch-down moment to nullify the large ＂initial＂ pitch-up rotational velocity （otherwise, the fly would have kept pitching-up and quickly fallen down）.展开更多
By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the mathematical intervening principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” (虚则补其母, 实则泄其子) and “Strong...By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the mathematical intervening principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” (虚则补其母, 实则泄其子) and “Strong inhibition of the same time, support the weak” (抑强扶弱) based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in image mathematics of Traditional Chinese Mathematics (TCMath). We defined generalized relations and generalized reasoning, introduced the concept of steady multilateral systems with two non-compatibility relations, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the intervention principle in image mathematics of TCMath and treated the research object of the image mathematics as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the mathematical intervening principle is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.展开更多
We present high quality long slit spectra along the major and minor axes out to 1.5 effective radii of the massive galaxy NGC 4636 taken by the Hobby-Eberly Telescope. Using the Fourier Correlation Quotient method, we...We present high quality long slit spectra along the major and minor axes out to 1.5 effective radii of the massive galaxy NGC 4636 taken by the Hobby-Eberly Telescope. Using the Fourier Correlation Quotient method, we measured the stellar line-of-sight velocity distribution along the axes. Furthermore, six Lick/IDS indices （Hβ, Mgb, Fe5015, Fe5270, Fe5335, Fe5406） are derived from the clean spectrum. By comparing the measured absorption line strengths with the predictions of Simple Stellar Population （SSP） models, we derived ages, total metallicity and a abundance profiles of the galaxy. This galaxy presents old and [α/Fe] overabundant stellar populations. Indeed, using the SSP model, we obtained the broadband color profiles. The theoretical colors match well with the measured colors and present red sharp peaks at the galaxy center. The sharp peaks of the colors are mainly shaped by the high metallicity in the galaxy＇s center. Interestingly, the galaxy has steep negative metaUicity gradients, but the trend flattens outwards. This result likely suggests that the center and outer regions of the galaxy formed through different formation processes.展开更多
This paper uses a 7-degree-of-freedom(7-DOF)manipulator end-effector to research inverse kinematics solution,Three methods are used and compared,including fixing an angle method,the iteration method and the neutral ne...This paper uses a 7-degree-of-freedom(7-DOF)manipulator end-effector to research inverse kinematics solution,Three methods are used and compared,including fixing an angle method,the iteration method and the neutral network method.By comparison,the iteration method is much better because of its high accuracy,fast speed and stabilization,and it does not require calculation of the pseudoinverse of the Jacobian.Thus,this control scheme is well suited for real-time implementation,which is essential if the end-effector trajectory is continuously modified based on sensor's feedback.Finally,using VC++and Microsoft foundation classes(MFC)to achieve the main machine interface.Through verification,the precision meets the requirements of general control system in real-time implementation.展开更多
目的:筛选c-MYC/Bcl-2重排的弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,DLBCL)潜在的高风险致病基因及致病通路,为此类淋巴瘤的发病机制提供理论依据。方法:从基因表达数据库(GEO)下载GSE44164及GSE43677数据集,选择c-MYC/Bcl-...目的:筛选c-MYC/Bcl-2重排的弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,DLBCL)潜在的高风险致病基因及致病通路,为此类淋巴瘤的发病机制提供理论依据。方法:从基因表达数据库(GEO)下载GSE44164及GSE43677数据集,选择c-MYC/Bcl-2重排的DLBCL数据为实验组、生发中心B细胞为对照组。采用R程序语言的limma包、WGCNA包及clusterProfiler包对获得的mRNA转录组数据进行差异表达分析、基因共表达变化分析、GO功能富集分析与KEGG信号通路富集分析。使用STRING数据库对差异表达基因(DEGs)进行蛋白互相作用网络分析,并使用Cytoscape软件内置的插件(包括CytoHubba及CytoNca插件)筛选核心基因。采用第二代高通量测序技术对IM-9细胞系及DOHH-2细胞系进行mRNA转录组测序,使用Read count值将核心基因进行配对样本t检验,筛选P值具有统计学意义的基因为疾病的核心基因。挑选部分关键基因使用Western Blot技术在蛋白层面进行验证。结果:差异分析共得到835个DEGs,WGCNA获得一个与c-MYC/Bcl-2重排的DLBCL高度相关的模块(turquoise模块,cor=0.86,P值<0.05)。GO富集分析结果显示生物学进程BP共富集到1 437条,细胞组分CC富集到123条,分子功能相关MF富集到147条;KEGG富集到72条相关通路,主要与ECM受体相互作用、B细胞受体信号通路及PI3K-Akt信号通路等相关。STRING数据库中PPI网络共得到284个相互关联作用的蛋白质,通过Cytoscape软件进一步筛选,再通过二代高通量测序及蛋白验证得出COL1A1、COL3A1、COL1A2、MMP2、COL5A1、COL5A2、COL4A2、TIMP1、MMP9、POSTN、BGN、DCN、LUM为此类淋巴瘤的核心基因,影响此类淋巴瘤细胞生存、侵袭和迁移等。结论:使用生物信息学及基础实验相结合的方法探究与c-MYC/Bcl-2重排的DLBCL淋巴瘤细胞致病或侵袭迁移等相关的关键基因,为更深入地探索此类淋巴瘤发生发展机制及寻找相关靶向药物提供理论依据。展开更多
豆浆含有优质蛋白质、必需脂肪酸和大量维生素,其经过巴氏杀菌或超高温处理会促进还原糖和蛋白质之间的糖基化反应,产生糖基化产物和晚期糖化终末产物(advanced glycation end products,AGEs),进而对人类健康造成威胁。为提高豆浆的品质...豆浆含有优质蛋白质、必需脂肪酸和大量维生素,其经过巴氏杀菌或超高温处理会促进还原糖和蛋白质之间的糖基化反应,产生糖基化产物和晚期糖化终末产物(advanced glycation end products,AGEs),进而对人类健康造成威胁。为提高豆浆的品质,该文利用发酵乳杆菌(Lactobacillus fermentum)发酵豆浆,探究发酵乳杆菌对灭菌豆浆AGEs含量的影响。结果表明,经L.fermentum发酵灭菌后的豆浆,荧光强度降低12%~17%。发酵豆浆可减少羰基化对蛋白二级结构的破坏,α-螺旋转变成β-折叠和无规卷曲。同时,发酵使灭菌豆浆的异黄酮含量从274.43μg/mL提升至351.83μg/mL;发酵乳杆菌发酵豆浆与豆浆相比,可显著提高抗氧化活性。综上所述,乳酸菌可抑制食品加工过程中AGEs的形成。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11232002)the 111 Project(B07009)
文摘In the paper, we present a detailed analysis of the takeoff mechanics of fruitflies which perform voluntary takeoff flights. Wing and body kinematics of the insects during takeoff were measured using Based on the measured data, high-speed video techniques. inertia force acting on the insect was computed and aerodynamic force and moment of the wings were calculated by the method of computational fluid dynamics. Subtracting the aerodynamic force and the weight from the inertia force gave the leg force. The following has been shown. In its voluntary takeoff, a fruitfly jumps during the first wingbeat and becomes airborne at the end of the first wingbeat. When it is in the air, the fly has a relatively large ＂initial＂ pitch-up rotational velocity （more than 5 000~/s） resulting from the jumping, but in about 5 wingbeats, the pitch-up rotation is stopped and the fly goes into a quasi-hovering flight. The fly mainly uses the force of jumping legs to lift itself into the air （the force from the flapping wings during the jumping is only about 5%-10% of the leg force）. The main role played by the flapping wings in the takeoff is to produce a pitch-down moment to nullify the large ＂initial＂ pitch-up rotational velocity （otherwise, the fly would have kept pitching-up and quickly fallen down）.
文摘By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the mathematical intervening principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” (虚则补其母, 实则泄其子) and “Strong inhibition of the same time, support the weak” (抑强扶弱) based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in image mathematics of Traditional Chinese Mathematics (TCMath). We defined generalized relations and generalized reasoning, introduced the concept of steady multilateral systems with two non-compatibility relations, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the intervention principle in image mathematics of TCMath and treated the research object of the image mathematics as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the mathematical intervening principle is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China rant No. 10821061the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 11033008 nd 2007CB815406)the pport of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KJCX2-YW-T24)
文摘We present high quality long slit spectra along the major and minor axes out to 1.5 effective radii of the massive galaxy NGC 4636 taken by the Hobby-Eberly Telescope. Using the Fourier Correlation Quotient method, we measured the stellar line-of-sight velocity distribution along the axes. Furthermore, six Lick/IDS indices （Hβ, Mgb, Fe5015, Fe5270, Fe5335, Fe5406） are derived from the clean spectrum. By comparing the measured absorption line strengths with the predictions of Simple Stellar Population （SSP） models, we derived ages, total metallicity and a abundance profiles of the galaxy. This galaxy presents old and [α/Fe] overabundant stellar populations. Indeed, using the SSP model, we obtained the broadband color profiles. The theoretical colors match well with the measured colors and present red sharp peaks at the galaxy center. The sharp peaks of the colors are mainly shaped by the high metallicity in the galaxy＇s center. Interestingly, the galaxy has steep negative metaUicity gradients, but the trend flattens outwards. This result likely suggests that the center and outer regions of the galaxy formed through different formation processes.
基金Shandong Province Science and Technology Development Plan(No. 2011SJGZ02)Shandong University of Science and Technology Graduate Innovation Fund(No.YCA120355)
文摘This paper uses a 7-degree-of-freedom(7-DOF)manipulator end-effector to research inverse kinematics solution,Three methods are used and compared,including fixing an angle method,the iteration method and the neutral network method.By comparison,the iteration method is much better because of its high accuracy,fast speed and stabilization,and it does not require calculation of the pseudoinverse of the Jacobian.Thus,this control scheme is well suited for real-time implementation,which is essential if the end-effector trajectory is continuously modified based on sensor's feedback.Finally,using VC++and Microsoft foundation classes(MFC)to achieve the main machine interface.Through verification,the precision meets the requirements of general control system in real-time implementation.
文摘豆浆含有优质蛋白质、必需脂肪酸和大量维生素,其经过巴氏杀菌或超高温处理会促进还原糖和蛋白质之间的糖基化反应,产生糖基化产物和晚期糖化终末产物(advanced glycation end products,AGEs),进而对人类健康造成威胁。为提高豆浆的品质,该文利用发酵乳杆菌(Lactobacillus fermentum)发酵豆浆,探究发酵乳杆菌对灭菌豆浆AGEs含量的影响。结果表明,经L.fermentum发酵灭菌后的豆浆,荧光强度降低12%~17%。发酵豆浆可减少羰基化对蛋白二级结构的破坏,α-螺旋转变成β-折叠和无规卷曲。同时,发酵使灭菌豆浆的异黄酮含量从274.43μg/mL提升至351.83μg/mL;发酵乳杆菌发酵豆浆与豆浆相比,可显著提高抗氧化活性。综上所述,乳酸菌可抑制食品加工过程中AGEs的形成。
