A new horizon for neuroscience:terahertz biotechnology in brain research

Terahertz biotechnology has been increasingly applied in various biomedical fields and has especially shown great potential for application in brain sciences.In this article,we review the development of terahertz biotechnology and its applications in the field of neuropsychiatry.Available evidence indicates promising prospects for the use of terahertz spectroscopy and terahertz imaging techniques in the diagnosis of amyloid disease,cerebrovascular disease,glioma,psychiatric disease,traumatic brain injury,and myelin deficit.In vitro and animal experiments have also demonstrated the potential therapeutic value of terahertz technology in some neuropsychiatric diseases.Although the precise underlying mechanism of the interactions between terahertz electromagnetic waves and the biosystem is not yet fully understood,the research progress in this field shows great potential for biomedical noninvasive diagnostic and therapeutic applications.However,the biosafety of terahertz radiation requires further exploration regarding its two-sided efficacy in practical applications.This review demonstrates that terahertz biotechnology has the potential to be a promising method in the field of neuropsychiatry based on its unique advantages.

Biological Permeability Enhancement Technology for Coal Reservoir

Objective Despite the adoption of various permeability enhancement technologies,the low permeability of coal reservoir has not been fundamentally improved for the development of coalbed methane（CBM）on the ground or the control of gas underground.

Study on the Removal of Iron,Manganese and Nitrate in Groundwater by Biological Ribbon Technology

The pollution of iron,manganese and nitrate in groundwater is a huge threat to human beings.In this study,column experiments of ceramic,manganese sand,ceramic sand,volcanic rock,quartz sand were conducted.Iron and manganese contents of influent were 3.3 mg/L and 2.1 mg/L.When the biofilm became mature,the highest iron and manganese removal rate achieved by manganese sand as a filter material.Quartz did a little worse than manganese sand,but other three filter material could not reach

Development of Combined Biological Technology for Treatment of High-strength Organic Wastewater and Results of Case Studies

Our study group has developed a unique combined ters from the industries of dyestuff, pharmaceutical, chemical biological technology to treat high-strength organic wastewaengineering and zymolysis by using the principles of anaerobic ecological niche and bio-phase separation. The study obtained five national invention patents and eight patent equipments. This technology contains four kernel processes - two-phase anaerobic-aerobic process, hydrolysis-acidification-oxidation process, UASBAF-oxidation process, and internal cycling-hydrolysis-oxidation process. Fifteen pilot projects were accomplished in the basins of Tai Lake, Huai River, Liao River and Songhua River, and their total capital investment reached 185.214 million Yuan （RMB）. Compared to conventional wastewater treatment technology, the innovative technology is more costeffective for high-strength organic wastewater treatment, can save capital investment by 15% - 30%, lessen land usage by 20% to 40% and decrease the operating cost by 10% to 25%. The operating cost of treatment per cubic meter industrial wastewater could be below 0.6 to 1.4 Yuan （RMB）.

Application of Green Technology Using Biological Means for the Adsorption of Micro-Pollutants in Water

It is true that the world we have today is not the world we use to know. The Covid-19 pandemic has paralyzed all sector, hence the need for safety and enabling environment for mankind is of high importance. Adsorption technology is far the best and cheapest treatment technology for water and has extensively proven its worth for the uptake of micro-pollutant from surface, ground and water which are the major channels of home water. Over the years activated carbon is considered as the most common and universally used adsorbent for the eradication of different types of micro-pollutants from water. The contamination of surface water by micro-pollutant is a potential threat for the production of high quality and safe drinking water. Adsorption operation onto granulated activated carbon (GAC) in fixed-bed filters is often applied as a remedying step in the synthesis of safe and drinkable water. Activated carbon actively tends to act as a carrier material for a thin usually resistant layer of microorganisms (mostly bacteria) that forms on the coat of various surfaces (biofilm), hence biological simplification can be an alternative removal approach that can be adopted in granulated activated carbon filters. To evaluate the capacity of biofilm to biologically simplify micro-pollutants, it is very imperative to distinguish adsorption from biological simplification (biodegradation) as a removal mechanism. Experiment was carried out under the operating condition of a temperature range of 6?C to 20?C with biologically activated and autoclaved GAC to assess the biological simplification by the biofilm adsorbed on the GAC surface. Five micro-pollutants were selected as model compounds, of which some of them were biologically simplified by the GAC biofilm. Additionally, we observed that temperature can increase or decrease adsorption. Conclusively, comparison was made on the adsorption capacity of granulated activated carbon used for more than 50,000 beds.

Means, Advantages and Limits of Merging Biology with Technology

The natural world spent billions of years in solution-finding during evolution, which could benefit Technology. How do we put that in a nutshell? Biological systems are more complex than the most complex current technology. Any given function and effect are simultaneously coordinated and linked with others at many levels of biological organisation-from cell organelle to organism, to population and ecosystem. Technology does not have tools to deal with the complexity and “goal-intendedness” of living systems. But limits for interaction exist on both sides-Biological science itself is also too empirical and not mature enough to provide a solid base for correlating living with technical systems. Moving towards a synthesis, where engineers can utilize the vast amount of available biological data, we suggest using a tool called “Theory of Inventive Problem Solving” (TRIZ) and clarifying some important methodological issues, which have not previously been recognised in bionic engineering: 1) Requirement for more appropriate definitions of “system”, “effect”, “function”,“law” and “rule”. 2) Requirement for understanding or even measuring the degree of contradiction or analogy between functions in biological and artificial and/or non-living engineering system-there is no simple direct correlation between what engineers find useful and what biology does.

Biological soil crusts and their potential applications in the sand land over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is now experiencing ecological degradation risks as a result of climate change and human activities.The alpine grassland ecology in permafrost zones is fragile and susceptible to deterioration due to its high altitude,low temperature,and limited oxygen,which complicates the repair of damaged land.Biological soil crusts(BSCs)are crucial for land restoration in plateau regions because they can thrive in harsh conditions and have environmentally beneficial traits.Inoculated biological soil crust(IBSC)has shown success in low-altitude desert regions,but may not be easily duplicated to the plateau environment.Therefore,it is essential to do a comprehensive and multifaceted analysis of the basic theoretical comprehension and practical application of BSCs on the Tibetan Plateau.This review article aims to provide a brief summary of the ecological significance and the mechanisms related to the creation,growth,and progression of BSCs.It discusses the techniques used for cultivating BSCs in laboratories and using them in the field,focusing on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau circumstance.We thoroughly discussed the potential and the required paths for further studies.This study may be used as a basis for selecting suitable microbial strains and accompanying supplemental actions for implementing IBSCs in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Fluidized-Bed Bioreactor Applications for Biological Wastewater Treatment： A Review of Research and Developments

Wastewater treatment is a process that is vital to protecting both the environment and human health. At present, the most cost-effective way of treating wastewater is with biological treatment processes such as the activated sludge process, despite their long operating times. However, population increases have created a demand for more efficient means of wastewater treatment, Fluidization has been demonstrated to in- crease the efficiency of many processes in chemical and biochemical engineering, but it has not been widely used in large-scale wastewater treatment. At the University of Western Ontario, the circulating fluidized-bed bioreactor （CFBBR） was developed for treating wastewater. In this process, carrier particles develop a biofilm composed of bacteria and other microbes. The excellent mixing and mass transfer characteristics inherent to fluidization make this process very effective at treating both municipal and industrial wastewater. Studies of lab- and pilot-scale systems showed that the CFBBR can remove over 90% of the influent organic matter and 80% of the nitrogen, and produces less than one-third as much biological sludge as the activated sludge process. Due to its high efficiency, the CFBBR can also be used to treat wastewaters with high organic solid concentrations, which are more difficult to treat with conventional methods because they require longer residence times; the CFBBR can also be used to reduce the system size and footprint. In addition, it is much better at handling and recovering from dynamic loadings （i.e., varying influent volume and concentrations） than current systems. Overall, the CFBBR has been shown to be a very effective means of treating wastewa- ter, and to be capable of treating larger volumes of wastewater using a smaller reactor volume and a shorter residence time. In addition, its compact design holds potential for more geographically localized and isolat- ed wastewater treatment systems.

Whole process reclamation and utilization of wastes produced in the biological fermentation industry

Wastes yielded in the vintage process and the biological fermentation of itaconic acid and sodium gluconate of a winery in Shandong, such as grain stillage, melon lees, cornstarch protein residues, itacanic acid mother liquid, itaconic acid mycelium and sodium gluconate mycelium, were studied. High-activity biological protein feed, foliar fertilizer and irrigation fertilizer were generated from these wastes by applying biological/microbial technologies. Meanwhile, a whole set of technological pathways was put forward. As a result, the optimal economical and social benefits can be obtained with low natural resource consumption and environmental costs by converting wastes into useful matters. In conclusion, through the utilization of limited resources in the whole process of reclamation and utilization of wastes, the harmony promotion can be achieved between the economic system and the natural ecosystem.

Research on the Evaluation of Marine Environmental Quality by Using the GIS Technology

Based on the biological resources surveys in China’s exclusive economic zone, the paper discusses the application of the GIS technology in evaluating the marine environmental quality, establishes the basic concept and technological process for evaluating the environmental quality of the habitats of marine living resources, proposes the key points for the establishment of the relevant evaluation attributes database by applying the GIS technology and analyses several typical evaluation models and the data interpolation method for the model in GIS. Results show that the combination of the GIS technology with the quantitative evaluation model can be applied to the fast and accurate evaluation of the marine environmental quality.

Advanced Treatment of Biologically Treated Chemical Comprehensive Wastewater by Nano-TiO2 Photocatalytic Oxidation

Nano-TiO2 photocatalytic oxidation was used to perform the advanced treatment of biologically treated chemical comprehensive wastewater. The effects of reaction time,nano-TiO2 dosage and initial p H of the wastewater on the removal rate of COD were tested. The GC/MS and EEM techniques were used to qualitatively analyze organic compounds in the wastewater before and after treatment. The result showed that after the biologically treated chemical comprehensive wastewater was treated by nano-TiO2 photocatalytic oxidation under the conditions of reaction time 3 h,nano-TiO2 dosage 8 g/L,and pH 8. 0,the effluent COD was 61. 9 mg/L and its removal rate was 63. 8%. Additionally,the species of organic pollutants reduced from 12 to 6. Meanwhile,the content of humic-like and fulvic-like substances dropped dramatically.

Effects of Antifouling Technology Application on Marine Ecological Environment

Resolving the contradiction between Marine economic development and Marine ecological environment protection has become an unavoidable and sharp problem.The uncontrolled use of Marine antifouling technology will bring uncontrollable and even irreversible damage to the Marine biosphere,which will lead to ecological disaster and threaten the survival of human beings.Therefore,it is an urgent task to find antifouling technology with lower environmental toxicity under the premise of considering economy.More attention should be paid to the long-term impact of mature and new technologies on the Marine ecological environment.This paper introduces the development status of antifouling technology,its influence on Marine ecological environment and puts forward the design strategy of comprehensive biological fouling prevention and control technology.

基于Biolog技术倒置/常规A^2/O工艺不同碳源类型条件下微生物群落代谢活性的差异

基于分别运行倒置/常规A2/O工艺的试验系统,研究不同碳源类型条件下两系统微生物群落代谢活性的差异。实验结果表明,不论在何种进水碳源类型条件下,倒置A2/O工艺系统微生物基于Biolog所计算的AWCD(平均色度)值均高于常规A2/O工艺,分别提高15.22%和9.16%,倒置A2/O工艺微生物对碳源的代谢能力以及其代谢活性均高于常规A2/O工艺;进水中挥发性脂肪酸所占比例对工艺微生物群落代谢活性有着显著影响,该比例从60%提高到100%时,倒置A2/O系统和常规A2/O系统AWCD平均值分别提高39%和32%,说明挥发性脂肪酸所占比例越高,对应的微生物群落代谢活性越强;不同工艺的微生物群落结构对进水条件变化的适应程度不同,倒置A2/O工艺系统和常规A2/O工艺系统中的显阳性碳源种类分别减少了2种和4种,说明倒置A2/O工艺系统微生物在进水条件变化时群落结构变化的程度小于常规A2/O工艺。

固态胶原基材料在医疗器械中的应用

背景:胶原蛋白是细胞外基质的主要构成成分,具有稳定的三螺旋结构特性、良好的生物学特性和可加工性,是一种理想的生物医用材料,已被广泛应用于医疗器械领域。目的:分析固态胶原基材料的主要产品形态、技术特点、制备工艺和临床应用。方法:应用计算机检索PubMed和中国知网数据库收录的有关固态胶原基材料在医疗器械领域应用的研究,英文检索词为“collagen,collagen sponge,collagen membrane,collagen powder,collagen gel,decellularized extracellular martix,medical device,clinical application”,中文检索词为“胶原,胶原海绵,胶原膜,胶原粉,胶原凝胶,脱细胞基质,医疗器械,临床应用”。根据纳入与排除标准对所有文章进行初筛后,保留质量和相关性较高的92篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:以动物源来源固态胶原基材料作为医疗器械制备材料,已在原料提取、制备工艺及临床应用等方面取得显著进展,海洋生物胶原和重组胶原增加了胶原来源的可选择性。固态胶原基医疗器械产品类型丰富,制备方法多样,其中交联改性是提升材料性能的重要途径,值得被深入研究。在产品开发思路上,固态胶原基医疗器械产品研究正朝着立体化和仿生化方向发展,与其他生物材料、药物复合的研究也展现出巨大潜力。尽管国内已有不少胶原基医疗器械应用于临床,但在人工皮肤、软骨修复和神经损伤修复等领域的产品开发仍显不足,需在技术和产业化上进一步突破与创新。

日本初中教材“生物培育技术”单元中实践项目的特色分析

日本初中技术教材《技术的希望》将生物培育技术分为作物栽培技术、动物饲养技术、水产生物养殖技术和森林培育技术。本文分析了生物培育技术中的实践项目部分,发现其具有涵盖农林牧渔的生物培育技术、构建项目化学习的路径框架、强调实地考察与体验、融合多学科和AI信息技术等特色,能为我国生物学教学与学科实践提供一定的借鉴。

甘肃省农村生活污水处理现状及策略建议

甘肃省地处中国西北部,自然条件复杂多样,水资源短缺。随着经济的快速发展和农村居民生活水平的逐步提高,农村生活污水产生量显著增加,主要特征为少量、分散、污染程度不均的农村生活污水处理问题日益突出。传统的污水处理方式已难以适用当前的水质要求,因此,探索高效、经济、适用的农村污水处理技术显得尤为重要。该文将分析甘肃省农村生活污水处理的现状,评价现有技术的应用,并提出针对性的改进措施,为甘肃省农村生活污水实际处理提供可行的参考意见。

基于Biolog微平板技术解析典型煤矿区煤层微生物代谢及其多样性分析

为研究不同煤矿区煤层微生物群落的代谢活性差异,找出能够激发煤层微生物活力的最佳碳源。首次采用厌氧条件下Biolog-ECO微平板技术,以我国3个典型煤矿区为研究对象(寺河矿简称SH,张北矿简称ZB,贵二矿简称GE),揭示煤层微生物代谢功能多样性特征。研究结果发现,张北矿样品第15天的平均吸光度值0.65±0.035,显著高于其他两矿,表明其微生物的代谢活力较最高;张北矿样品在第15天的多样性指数(Shannon指数、McIntosh指数、Simpson指数)也相对较高。通过主成分分析发现,煤层微生物群落在提供外源单一碳源进行代谢时,较喜欢利用L-基丙氨酸、4-羟基苯甲酸、2-羟苯甲酸、苯乙基胺含苯环的化合物。这些单一碳源或许可以作为煤层的外源营养物,加快煤层原位微生物甲烷代谢,使得生物成因煤层甲烷气体快速产出。

玉米新品种华纬1号的选育及栽培技术要点

为促进玉米新品种华纬1号的推广应用,介绍了该品种的亲本来源及杂交种选育过程、植株生物学特性、产量表现及配套栽培技术。华纬1号是黑龙江省农业科学院玉米研究所和吉林宏兴高科农业有限公司于2015年以自交系J1136为母本、自交系J0866为父本杂交育成的玉米新品种,2023年通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定(审定编号为黑审玉2023004)。2021-2022年区域试验平均产量为12 423.2 kg·hm^(-2),较对照品种先玉696增产7.8%;2022生产试验平均产量为12 622.6 kg·hm^(-2),较对照品种先玉696增产7.5%,该品种具有早发优势强、性状整齐、耐旱性好、亲本繁殖制种简单等优点。

固定化异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌在污水生物强化中的研究进展

异养硝化-好氧反硝化(Heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification,HN-AD)菌可以在有机碳存在的好氧条件下实现同时硝化和反硝化,广泛应用于各类污水处理过程中。综述了HN-AD菌株的脱氮特性和代谢途径,总结了其在污水处理中的应用和研究现状,比较了不同载体材料的优缺点,重点讨论了固定HN-AD菌株提高反应器处理效果和稳定性的作用机理。最后,展望了固定化HN-AD菌株在污水处理中面临的挑战和未来的研究方向。