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ATP content and biomass activity in sequential anaerobic/aerobic reactors 被引量:1
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作者 陈红 《Journal of Zhejiang University Science》 EI CSCD 2004年第6期727-732,共6页
Specific ATP content of volatile solids was measured to characterize the sludge activity in a sequential anaerobic/aerobic wastewater treatment system, with an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and a thre... Specific ATP content of volatile solids was measured to characterize the sludge activity in a sequential anaerobic/aerobic wastewater treatment system, with an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and a three-phase aerobic fluidized bed (AFB) reactor. The wastewater COD level was 2000-3000 mg/L in simulation of real textile wastewater. The ATP content and the specific ATP contents of volatile solids at different heights of the UASB reactor and those of the suspended and immobilized biomass in the AFB reactor were measured. In the UASB reactor, the maximum value of specific ATP (0.85 mg ATP/g VS) was obtained at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) 7.14 h in the blanket solution. In the AFB reactor, the specific ATP content of suspended biomass was higher than that of immobilized biomass and increased with hydraulic retention time reaching a maximum value of 1.6 mg ATP/g VS at hydraulic retention time 4.35 h. The ATP content of anaerobes in the UASB effluent declined rapidly under aerobic conditions following a 2nd-order kinetic model. 展开更多
关键词 ATP biomass activity Sequential anaerobic/aerobic UASB reactor AFB reactor
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Preparation of Ammonia Adsorbent by Carbonizing and Activating Mixture of Biomass Material and Hygroscopic Salt 被引量:1
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作者 龙臻 卜宪标 +2 位作者 LU Zhenneng LI Huashan MA Weibin 《Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science)》 SCIE EI CAS 2015年第2期271-275,共5页
We put forward a new and ingenious method for the preparation of a new adsorbent by soaking, carbonizing and activating the mixture of hygroscopic salt and biomass material. The new adsorbent has high porosity, unifor... We put forward a new and ingenious method for the preparation of a new adsorbent by soaking, carbonizing and activating the mixture of hygroscopic salt and biomass material. The new adsorbent has high porosity, uniform distribution and high content of Ca Cl2, and exhibits high adsorption performance. The ammonia uptake and specific cooling power(SCP) at 5 min adsorption time can reach as high as 0.19 g·g^-1 and 793.9 W·kg^-1, respectively. The concept of utilizing the biomass materials and hygroscopic salts as raw materials for the preparation of adsorbents is of practical interest with respect to the potential quantity of biomass materials around the world, indicating that there would be a new market for biomass materials.Key words: biomass material; adsorption system; ammonia; calcium chloride; activated carbon 展开更多
关键词 biomass material adsorption system ammonia calcium chloride activated carbon
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Catalytic transformation of cellulose and its derived carbohydrates into chemicals involving C–C bond cleavage
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作者 Weiping Deng Qinghong Zhang Ye Wang 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2015年第5期595-607,共13页
The catalytic transformation of cellulose, the major component of abundant and renewable lignocellulosic biomass, into building-block chemicals is a key to establishing sustainable chemical processes. Cellulose is a p... The catalytic transformation of cellulose, the major component of abundant and renewable lignocellulosic biomass, into building-block chemicals is a key to establishing sustainable chemical processes. Cellulose is a polymer of glucose and a lot research effort has been devoted to the conversion of cellulose to six-carbon platform compounds such as glucose and glucose derivatives through C-O bond activation. There also ex- ist considerable studies on the catalytic cleavage of C-C bonds in biomass for the production of high-value chemicals, in particular polyols and organic acids such as ethylene glycol and lactic acid. This review article highlights recent advances in the development of new catalytic systems and new strategies for the selective cleavage of C-C bonds in cellulose and its derived carbohydrates under inert, reductive and oxidative atmospheres to produce Q -Cs polyols and organic acids. The key factors that influence the catalytic performance will be clarified to provide insights for the design of more efficient catalysts for the transformation of cellulose with precise cleavage of C-C bonds to high-value chemicals. The reaction mechanisms will also be discussed to understand deeply how the selective cleavage of C-C bonds can be achieved in biomass. 展开更多
关键词 biomass Cellulose C-C bond activation Polyols Organic acids
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Effect of biomass addition on the surface and adsorption characterization of carbon-based adsorbents from sewage sludge 被引量:11
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作者 Changzi Wu Min Song +2 位作者 Baosheng Jin Yimin Wu Yaji Huang 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2013年第2期405-412,共8页
Sewage sludge with the additive corn cob was used as prescusor to prepare sludge-based carbon adsorbents by pyrolysis method. And then, the carbonizated products were activated with potassium hydroxide. The mixing rat... Sewage sludge with the additive corn cob was used as prescusor to prepare sludge-based carbon adsorbents by pyrolysis method. And then, the carbonizated products were activated with potassium hydroxide. The mixing ratio of the corn cob to sewage sludge was investigated. The surface area and pore size distribution, elemental composition, surface chemistry structure and the surface physical morphology were determined and compared. The results demonstrated that the addition of corn cob into the sewage sludge sample could effectively improve the surface area (from 287 to 591 m 2 /g) and the microporosity (from 5% to 48%) of the carbon based adsorbent, thus enhancing the adsorption behavior. The sulfur dioxide adsorption capacity was measured according to breakthrough test. It was found that the sulfur dioxide adsorption capacity of the adsorbents was obviously enhanced after the addition of the corn cob. It is presumed that not only highly porous adsorbents, but also a high metallic content of these materials are required to achieve good performances. 展开更多
关键词 sewage sludge activated carbon biomass SO2 adsorption porosity
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Microbial community characterization,activity analysis and purifying efficiency in a biofilter process 被引量:1
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作者 Hong Xiang Xiwu Lu +3 位作者 Lihong Yin Fei Yang Guangcan Zhu Wuping Liu 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2013年第4期677-687,共11页
The growth and metabolism of microbial communities on biologically activated carbon (BAC) play a crucial role in the purification of drinking water. To gain insight into the growth and metabolic characteristics of m... The growth and metabolism of microbial communities on biologically activated carbon (BAC) play a crucial role in the purification of drinking water. To gain insight into the growth and metabolic characteristics of microbial communities and the efficiency of drinking water treatment in a BAC filter, we analyzed the heterotrophic plate count (HPC), phospholipid, dehydrogenase, metabolic function and water quality parameters during start-up and steady-state periods. In the start-up process of the filter with natural biofilm colonization, the variation in heterotrophic plate count levels was S-curved. The total phospholipid level was very low during the first 5 days and reached a maximum value after 40 days in the filter. The activity of dehydrogenase gradually increased during the first 30 days and then reached a plateau. The functional diversity of the microbial community in the filter increased, and then reached a relatively stable level by day 40. After an initial decrease, which was followed by an increase, the removal rate of NH4+-N and COD_Mn became stable and was 80% and 28%, respectively, by day 40. The consumption rate of dissolved oxygen reached a steady level after 29 days, and remained at 18%. At the steady operation state, the levels of HPC, phospholipid, dehydrogenase activity and carbon source utilization had no significant differences after 6 months compared to levels measured on day 40. The filter was shown to be effective in removing NH4+-N, NO2--N, CODMn, UV254, biodegradable dissolved organic carbon and trace organic pollutants from the influent. Our results suggest that understanding changes in the growth and metabolism of microorganisms in BAC filter could help to improve the efficiency of biological treatment of drinking water. 展开更多
关键词 biologically activated carbon microbial community microbial biomass and activity metabolic function POLLUTANT removalrate
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