为了研究生物质燃料土地利用变化对环境的影响,首先,对我国近年来农作物的种植面积、农产品产量、土地利用变化及类型进行分析,其次,以玉米秸秆清洁水解制备乙酰丙酸乙酯为例,探究其生产和使用过程中对环境的影响。结果表明,我国农业作...为了研究生物质燃料土地利用变化对环境的影响,首先,对我国近年来农作物的种植面积、农产品产量、土地利用变化及类型进行分析,其次,以玉米秸秆清洁水解制备乙酰丙酸乙酯为例,探究其生产和使用过程中对环境的影响。结果表明,我国农业作物资源潜力及储量巨大,为生物质燃料的生产提供了丰富的原料保证,是农业固碳的主要途径,具有很好的土壤碳汇作用。同时,以玉米、小麦、水稻为主要农作物的种植结构且种植土地类型为耕地时,1 g玉米秸秆产生0.124 g乙酰丙酸乙酯作为燃料使用时的排碳量和固碳量分别为0.28、1.10 g CO_(2),加上玉米秸秆收集、运输及转化为乙酰丙酸乙酯的过程中温室气体的排放量;生物质的生产和使用在一定程度上有望实现碳平衡,这为生物质燃料的额外需求所引起的土地利用变化对环境影响的评估提供了理论支撑。展开更多
Increased demand for liquid transportation fuels, environmental concerns and depletion of petroleum resources requires the development of efficient conversion technologies for production of second-generation biofuels ...Increased demand for liquid transportation fuels, environmental concerns and depletion of petroleum resources requires the development of efficient conversion technologies for production of second-generation biofuels from non-food resources. Thermochemical approaches hold great potential for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into liquid fuels. Direct thermochemical processes convert biomass into liquid fuels in one step using heat and catalysts and have many advantages over indirect and biological processes, such as greater feedstock flexibility, integrated conversion of whole biomass, and lower operation costs. Several direct thermochemical processes are employed in the production of liquid biofuels depending on the nature of the feedstock properties: such as fast pyrolysis/liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass for bio-oil, including upgrading methods, such as catalytic cracking and hydrogenation. Owing to the substantial amount of liquid fuels consumed by vehicular transport, converting biomass into drop-in liquid fuels may reduce the dependence of the fuel market on petroleumbased fuel products. In this review, we also summarize recent progress in technologies for large-scale equipment for direct thermochemical conversion. We focus on the technical aspects critical to commercialization of the technologies for production of liquid fuels from biomass,including feedstock type, cracking catalysts, catalytic cracking mechanisms, catalytic reactors, and biofuel properties. We also discuss future prospects for direct thermochemical conversion in biorefineries for the production of high grade biofuels.展开更多
文摘为了研究生物质燃料土地利用变化对环境的影响,首先,对我国近年来农作物的种植面积、农产品产量、土地利用变化及类型进行分析,其次,以玉米秸秆清洁水解制备乙酰丙酸乙酯为例,探究其生产和使用过程中对环境的影响。结果表明,我国农业作物资源潜力及储量巨大,为生物质燃料的生产提供了丰富的原料保证,是农业固碳的主要途径,具有很好的土壤碳汇作用。同时,以玉米、小麦、水稻为主要农作物的种植结构且种植土地类型为耕地时,1 g玉米秸秆产生0.124 g乙酰丙酸乙酯作为燃料使用时的排碳量和固碳量分别为0.28、1.10 g CO_(2),加上玉米秸秆收集、运输及转化为乙酰丙酸乙酯的过程中温室气体的排放量;生物质的生产和使用在一定程度上有望实现碳平衡,这为生物质燃料的额外需求所引起的土地利用变化对环境影响的评估提供了理论支撑。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31422013)the Research Institute of New Technology,Special Fund for Fundamental Research(CAFYBB2014ZD003)for financial support during this investigation
文摘Increased demand for liquid transportation fuels, environmental concerns and depletion of petroleum resources requires the development of efficient conversion technologies for production of second-generation biofuels from non-food resources. Thermochemical approaches hold great potential for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into liquid fuels. Direct thermochemical processes convert biomass into liquid fuels in one step using heat and catalysts and have many advantages over indirect and biological processes, such as greater feedstock flexibility, integrated conversion of whole biomass, and lower operation costs. Several direct thermochemical processes are employed in the production of liquid biofuels depending on the nature of the feedstock properties: such as fast pyrolysis/liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass for bio-oil, including upgrading methods, such as catalytic cracking and hydrogenation. Owing to the substantial amount of liquid fuels consumed by vehicular transport, converting biomass into drop-in liquid fuels may reduce the dependence of the fuel market on petroleumbased fuel products. In this review, we also summarize recent progress in technologies for large-scale equipment for direct thermochemical conversion. We focus on the technical aspects critical to commercialization of the technologies for production of liquid fuels from biomass,including feedstock type, cracking catalysts, catalytic cracking mechanisms, catalytic reactors, and biofuel properties. We also discuss future prospects for direct thermochemical conversion in biorefineries for the production of high grade biofuels.
