Engineering organoid microfluidic system for biomedical and health engineering:A review

In recent years,organoid technology,i.e.,in vitro three-dimensional(3D)tissue culture,has attracted increasing attention in biomedical engineering.Organoids are cell complexes induced by differentiation of stem cells or organ-progenitor cells in vitro using 3D culture technology.They can replicate the key structural and functional characteristics of the target organs in vivo.With the opening up of this new field of health engineering,there is a need for engineering-system approaches to the production,control,and quantitative analysis of organoids and their microenvironment.Traditional organoid technology has limitations,including lack of physical and chemical microenvironment control,high heterogeneity,complex manual operation,imperfect nutritional supply system,and lack of feasible online analytical technology for the organoids.The introduction of microfluidic chip technology into organoids has overcome many of these limitations and greatly expanded the scope of applications.Engineering organoid microfluidic system has become an interdisciplinary field in biomedical and health engineering.In this review,we summarize the development and culture system of organoids,discuss how microfluidic technology has been used to solve the main technical challenges in organoid research and development,and point out new opportunities and prospects for applications of organoid microfluidic system in drug development and screening,food safety,precision medicine,and other biomedical and health engineering fields.

A Review of Nano/Micro/Milli Needles Fabrications for Biomedical Engineering

Needles,as some of the most widely used medical devices,have been effectively applied in human disease prevention,diagnosis,treatment,and rehabilitation.Thin 1D needle can easily penetrate cells/organs by generating highly localized stress with their sharp tips to achieve bioliquid sampling,biosensing,drug delivery,surgery,and other such applications.In this review,we provide an overview of multiscale needle fabrication techniques and their biomedical applications.Needles are classified as nanoneedles,microneedles and millineedles based on the needle diameter,and their fabrication techniques are highlighted.Nanoneedles bridge the inside and outside of cells,achieving intracellular electrical recording,biochemical sensing,and drug delivery.Microneedles penetrate the stratum corneum layer to detect biomarkers/bioelectricity in interstitial fluid and deliver drugs through the skin into the human circulatory system.Millineedles,including puncture,syringe,acupuncture and suture needles,are presented.Finally,conclusions and future perspectives for next-generation nano/micro/milli needles are discussed.

Medical colleges summary of biomedical engineering profession<br>—Luzhou Medical College in the perspective of biomedical engineering profession<br>

This paper expounds professional characteristics of biomedical engineering in our school, and analyses some problems lying in it, emphatically discusses advantages and the problems combining biomedical engineering with the medical courses in order to offer targeted solutions. It summarizes the results and problems so as to provide reference value to a new major.

Ophthalmological instruments of Al-Halabi fill in a gap in the biomedical engineering history

Al-Halabi is an intriguing ophthalmologist who invented numerous surgicalinstruments for treating various eye diseases. The illustrations of such instrumentsin his invaluable book “Kitab Al-Kafi fi Al-Kuhl” reflect his willingness toteach. Moreover, he included in his book a magnificent illustration of theanatomical structure of the eye. The book reflects Al-Halabi’s medical practice andteaching and shows several advanced medical techniques and tools. Hisinvaluable comments reflect his deep experimental observations in the field ofophthalmology. The current article provides proof that Al-Halabi is one of ourearly biomedical engineers from more than 800 years ago. Al-Halabi represents aring in the chain of biomedical engineering history. His surgical instrumentsrepresent the biomechanics field. Al-Halabi should be acknowledged among thebiomedical engineering students for his various contributions in the field ofsurgical instruments.

Progress in biomedical engineering during 2023 in China

Objective:To investigate the advancements achieved by biomedical engineering laboratories in China during 2023.Methods:A total of 729 articles were initially selected from the SCI database and categorized by image,signal,gene,and mechanics,with categories of quartile 1 or higher.Subsequently,52 representative articles were selected for this review.Results:The Chinese research team made significant strides in biomedical engineering in 2023,primarily in the following areas:traditional imaging technology,fluorescence labeling technology,photoacoustic imaging technology,neural interfaces and modulation,medical machinery,and medical materials.Significance:This review serves as an instructional manual for novices and an updated status report for experienced professionals.Additionally,comparing the achievements of Chinese teams with international teams may help shape future research directions in China.

A Review on Graphene-Based Nanomaterials in Biomedical Applications and Risks in Environment and Health

Graphene-based nanomaterials(GBNs) have attracted increasing interests of the scientific community due to their unique physicochemical properties and their applications in biotechnology, biomedicine, bioengineering, disease diagnosis and therapy. Although a large amount of researches have been conducted on these novel nanomaterials, limited comprehensive reviews are published on their biomedical applications and potential environmental and human health effects. The present research aimed at addressing this knowledge gap by examining and discussing:(1) the history, synthesis,structural properties and recent developments of GBNs for biomedical applications;(2) GBNs uses as therapeutics,drug/gene delivery and antibacterial materials;(3) GBNs applications in tissue engineering and in research as biosensors and bioimaging materials; and(4) GBNs potential environmental effects and human health risks. It also discussed the perspectives and challenges associated with the biomedical applications of GBNs.

MXene‑Graphene Composites:A Perspective on Biomedical Potentials

MXenes,transition metal carbides and nitrides with graphene-like structures,have received considerable attention since their first discovery.On the other hand,Graphene has been extensively used in biomedical and medicinal applications.MXene and graphene,both as promising candidates of two-dimensional materials,have shown to possess high potential in future biomedical applications due to their unique physicochemical properties such as superior electrical conductivity,high biocompatibility,large surface area,optical and magnetic features,and extraordinary thermal and mechanical properties.These special structural,functional,and biological characteristics suggest that the hybrid/composite structure of MXene and graphene would be able to meet many unmet needs in different fields;particularly in medicine and biomedical engineering,where high-performance mechanical,electrical,thermal,magnetic,and optical requirements are necessary.However,the hybridization and surface functionalization should be further explored to obtain biocompatible composites/platforms with unique physicochemical properties,high stability,and multifunctionality.In addition,toxicological and long-term biosafety assessments and clinical translation evaluations should be given high priority in research.Although very limited studies have revealed the excellent potentials of MXene/graphene in biomedicine,the next steps should be toward the extensive research and detailed analysis in optimizing the properties and improving their functionality with a clinical and industrial outlook.Herein,different synthesis/fabrication methods and performances of MXene/graphene composites are discussed for potential biomedical applications.The potential toxicological effects of these composites on human cells and tissues are also covered,and future perspectives toward more successful translational applications are presented.The current state-of-the-art biotechnological advances in the use of MXene-Graphene composites,as well as their developmental challenges and future prospects are also deliberated.Due to the superior properties and multifunctionality of MXene-graphene composites,these hybrid structures can open up considerable new horizons in future of healthcare and medicine.

Additive manufacturing of sustainable biomaterials for biomedical applications

Biopolymers are promising environmentally benign materials applicable in multifarious applications.They are especially favorable in implantable biomedical devices thanks to their excellent unique properties,including bioactivity,renewability,bioresorbability,biocompatibility,biodegradability and hydrophilicity.Additive manufacturing(AM)is a flexible and intricate manufacturing technology,which is widely used to fabricate biopolymer-based customized products and structures for advanced healthcare systems.Three-dimensional(3D)printing of these sustainable materials is applied in functional clinical settings including wound dressing,drug delivery systems,medical implants and tissue engineering.The present review highlights recent advancements in different types of biopolymers,such as proteins and polysaccharides,which are employed to develop different biomedical products by using extrusion,vat polymerization,laser and inkjet 3D printing techniques in addition to normal bioprinting and four-dimensional(4D)bioprinting techniques.It also incorporates the influence of nanoparticles on the biological and mechanical performances of 3D-printed tissue scaffolds,and addresses current challenges as well as future developments of environmentally friendly polymeric materials manufactured through the AMtechniques.Ideally,there is a need for more focused research on the adequate blending of these biodegradable biopolymers for achieving useful results in targeted biomedical areas.We envision that biopolymer-based 3D-printed composites have the potential to revolutionize the biomedical sector in the near future.

Review:Recent Progress on Poly(ether ether ketone) and Its Composites for Biomedical, Machinery, Energy and Aerospace Applications

Poly(ether ether ketone)(PEEK)has drown researchers’wide attention because of the exceptional performances such as mechanical properties,thermal stability,chemical resistance,and biocompatibility.These properties endow it with broad potential use in biomedical,engineering,and aerospace applications.In addition,multifunctional fillers have been intensively incorporated into PEEK matrix,as it is conducive to the enhanced properties,and has the desired properties in concrete applications.This review introduced the basic content and synthesis pathway of PEEKs and their composites,focusing on the various applications,including biomedical,machinery,energy storage,and aerospace applications.Considerable efforts have been devoted to explore the concrete modified method to obtain the desired performances of PEEK based materials.At the end,existing problems and development directions for the PEEK based materials were analyzed and predicted.

Auxetics in Biomedical Applications: A Review

Materials exhibiting auxetic properties have a negative Poisson’s ratio, which intrigued researchers to understand the behavior of auxetic structure. Several researchers focused on the different auxetic cell designs, while others focused on the auxetic applications. With the advance of additive manufacturing methods, computer-aided design and finite element analysis in recent decades, auxetics have been explored. One of the interesting applications is in the field of biomedical devices or implants, especially for certain natural biomedical organs such as tissues, certain ligaments that have auxetic properties. This paper is an overview of auxetic design approaches and biomedical applications.

Computer Oriented Numerical Scheme for Solving Engineering Problems

In this study,we construct a family of single root finding method of optimal order four and then generalize this family for estimating of all roots of non-linear equation simultaneously.Convergence analysis proves that the local order of convergence is four in case of single root finding iterative method and six for simultaneous determination of all roots of non-linear equation.Some non-linear equations are taken from physics,chemistry and engineering to present the performance and efficiency of the newly constructed method.Some real world applications are taken from fluid mechanics,i.e.,fluid permeability in biogels and biomedical engineering which includes blood Rheology-Model which as an intermediate result give some nonlinear equations.These non-linear equations are then solved using newly developed simultaneous iterative schemes.Newly developed simultaneous iterative schemes reach to exact values on initial guessed values within given tolerance,using very less number of function evaluations in each step.Local convergence order of single root finding method is computed using CAS-Maple.Local computational order of convergence,CPU-time,absolute residuals errors are calculated to elaborate the efficiency,robustness and authentication of the iterative simultaneous method in its domain.

高等院校培养BME本科专业工程技术人才的思考与建议

站在培养高素质生物医学工程专业技术人才的角度,概述了生物医学工程产业发展现状和学科特点,深入分析了高等院校培养生物医学工程本科人才所面临的窘境,并从学科特点出发,提出了完善专业设置审核制度、加强专业评估考核、缩小本科生招生规模、扩大研究生招生规模、积极探索联盟发展协同创新的培养模式等思考与建议。

BME专业微机原理创新教学方法研究

微机原理与接口技术》是生物医学工程专业的重要专业基础课。针对学生基础薄弱、内容抽象、课时偏少、教学脱离专业、缺少标准化练习等问题,该文提出了软硬件仿真平台的融合、专业驱动的项目设计、微课视频等多元创新性手段,增加了学生学习兴趣,提高了本科教学效果,符合培养出具有创新精神和实践能力的卓越的生物医学工程人才需求。

基于CE的BME专业医用超声课程教学内容改革探索

目的:探索从临床工程(CE)角度,对生物医学工程(BME)专业本科生医用超声课程教学内容进行改革,以提高毕业生的求职竞争力。方法:采用自制调查问卷的形式,调研BME专业高年级本科生的毕业规划、对医用超声设备的了解程度以及学习兴趣。结果:在31份有效问卷中有7名(占22.58%)学生希望毕业后进入医院工作。在课程开始前,有24名(占77.42%)学生对CE学相关的超声诊断设备的质量控制完全不了解,是医用超声相关技术内容中了解程度最低的一项。同时在学习兴趣排序中,学生对相关质量控制和管理方面的内容有非常高的学习兴趣。结论:根据学生的就业意向和学习兴趣,CE学相关教学内容符合BME专业学生就业岗位的要求,有利于提高毕业生的求职竞争力。在教学实践中,有必要从CE角度对BME专业医用超声课程教学内容进行改革。

基于XML的PubMed生物医学工程文献的聚类分析方法的探讨

采用依据主题词表的聚类数据挖掘技术对基于可扩展标识语言(Extensible Markup Language,XML)的PubMed生物医学工程方面的文献进行分析,实现PubMed生物医学工程文献的概念导航,建立生物医学工程专题文献数据库,并利用加权的词频统计方法分析其文献主题分布。

Treatment of chronic heart failure in the 21st century: A new era of biomedical engineering has come

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a challenging burden on public health. Therapeutic strategies for CHF have developed rapidly in the past decades from conventional medical therapy, which mainly includes administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers, and aldosterone antagonists, to biomedical engineering methods, which include interventional engineering, such as percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy, percutaneous coronary intervention, catheter ablation, biventricular pacing or cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and CRT-defibrillator use, and implantable cardioverter defibrillator use;mechanical engineering, such as left ventricular assistant device use, internal artery balloon counteq^ulsation, cardiac support device use, and total artificial heart implantation;surgical engineering, such as coronary artery bypass graft, valve replacement or repair of rheumatic or congenital heart diseases, and heart transplantation (HT);regenerate engineering, which includes gene therapy, stem cell transplantation, and tissue engineering;and rehabilitating engineering, which includes exercise training, low-salt diet, nursing, psychological interventions, health education, and external counterpulsation/enhanced external counterpulsation in the outpatient department. These biomedical engineering therapies have greatly improved the symptoms of CHF and life expectancy. To date, pharmacotherapy, which is based on evidence-based medicine, large-scale, multi-center, randomized controlled clinical trials, is still a major treatment option for CHF;the current interventional and mechanical device engineering treatment for advanced CHF is not enough owing to its individual status. In place of HT or the use of a total artificial heart, stem cell technology and gene therapy in regenerate engineering for CHF are very promising. However, each therapy has its advantages and disadvantages, and it is currently possible to select better therapeutic strategies for patients with CHF according to cost-efficacy analyses of these therapies. Taken together, we think that a new era of biomedical engineering for CHF has begun.

On textile biomedical engineering

The demand for advanced fiber biomaterials and medical devices has risen rapidly with the increasing of aging population in the world. To address this grand societal challenge, textile biomedical engineering(TBE) has been defined as a holistic and integrative approach of designing and engineering advanced fiber materials for fabricating textile structures and devices to achieve various functions such as drug delivery, tissue engineering and artificial implants, pressure therapy and thermal therapy,bioelectric/magnetic detection and stimulation for the medical treatment and rehabilitation of human body. TBE is multidisciplinary in nature and needs integration of cross disciplinary expertise in medical science, healthcare professionals, physiologists, scientists and engineers in chemistry, materials, mechanics, electronics, computing, textile and designers. Engineering fiber materials and designing textile devices for biomedical applications involve the integration of the fundamental research in physics, chemistry, mathematics, and computational science with the development of engineering principles and understanding on the relationship between textile materials/devices and human physiology, behaviour, medicine and health. Theoretical concepts have been advanced together with creating new knowledges created from molecules to cells, organs and body-textile systems, and developing advanced fiber materials, innovative textile devices and functional apparel products for healthcare,comfort, protection against harmful external environment, diseases prevention, diagnosis and treatment, as well as rehabilitations. A holistic, integrative and quantitative approach has been adopted for deriving the technical solutions of how to engineer fibers and textiles for the benefits of human health. This paper reviews the theoretical foundations for textile biomedical engineering and advances in the recent years.

Applications of nanogenerators for biomedical engineering and healthcare systems

The dream of human beings for long living has stimulated the rapid development of biomedical and healthcare equipment.However,conventional biomedical and healthcare devices have shortcomings such as short service life,large equipment size,and high potential safety hazards.Indeed,the power supply for conventional implantable device remains predominantly batteries.The emerging nanogenerators,which harvest micro/nanomechanical energy and thermal energy from human beings and convert into electrical energy,provide an ideal solution for self-powering of biomedical devices.The combination of nanogenerators and biomedicine has been accelerating the development of self-powered biomedical equipment.This article first introduces the operating principle of nanogenerators and then reviews the progress of nanogenerators in biomedical applications,including power supply,smart sensing,and effective treatment.Besides,the microbial disinfection and biodegradation performances of nanogenerators have been updated.Next,the protection devices have been discussed such as face mask with air filtering function together with real-time monitoring of human health from the respiration and heat emission.Besides,the nanogenerator devices have been categorized by the types of mechanical energy from human beings,such as the body movement,tissue and organ activities,energy from chemical reactions,and gravitational potential energy.Eventually,the challenges and future opportunities in the applications of nanogenerators are delivered in the conclusive remarks.

Plasma-activated interfaces for biomedical engineering

As an important phenomenon to monitor disease development,cell signaling usually takes place at the interface between organisms/cells or between organisms/cells and abiotic materials.Therefore,finding a strategy to build the specific biomedical interfaces will help regulate information transmission and produce better therapeutic results to benefit patients.In the past decades,plasmas containing energetic and active species have been employed to construct various interfaces to meet biomedical demands such as bacteria inactivation,tissue regeneration,cancer therapy,and so on.Based on the potent functions of plasma modified surfaces,this mini-review is aimed to summarize the state-of-art plasma-activated interfaces and provide guidance to researchers to select the proper plasma and processing conditions to design and prepare interfaces with the optimal biological and related functions.After a brief introduction,plasma-activated interfaces are described and categorized according to different criteria including direct plasma-cells interfaces and indirect plasma-material-cells interfaces and recent research activities on the application of plasma-activated interfaces are described.The authors hope that this mini-review will spur interdisciplinary research efforts in this important area and expedite associated clinical applications.