An optimized, sensitive and stable reduced graphene oxide–gold nanoparticle-luminol-H_2O_2 chemiluminescence system and its potential analytical application

The chemiluminescence （CL） performance of luminol is improved using reduced graphene oxide/gold nanoparticle （rGO-AuNP） nano-composites as catalyst. To prepare this catalyst, we propose a linker free, one-step method to in- situ synthesize rGO-AuNP nano-composites. Various measurements are utilized to characterize the resulting rGO-AuNP samples, and it is revealed that rGO could improve the stability and conductivity. Furthermore, we investigate the CL signals of luminal catalyzed by rGO-AuNP. Afterwards, the size effect of particle and the assisted enhancement effect of rGO are studied and discussed in detail. Based on the discussion, an optimal, sensitive and stable rGO-AuNP-luminon- H202 CL system is proposed. Finally, we utilize the system as a sensor to detect hydrogen peroxide and organic compounds containing amino, hydroxyl, or thiol groups. The CL system might provide a more attractive platform for various analytical devices with CL detection in the field of biosensors, bioassays, and immunosensors.

Recent Advances of Persistent Luminescence Nanoparticles in Bioapplications

Persistent luminescence phosphors are a novel group of promising luminescent materials with afterglow properties after the stoppage of excitation.In the past decade,persistent luminescence nanoparticles(PLNPs)with intriguing optical properties have attracted a wide range of attention in various areas.Especially in recent years,the development and applications in biomedical fields have been widely explored.Owing to the efficient elimination of the autofluorescence interferences from biotissues and the ultra-long near-infrared afterglow emission,many researches have focused on the manipulation of PLNPs in biosensing,cell tracking,bioimaging and cancer therapy.These achievements stimulated the growing interest in designing new types of PLNPs with desired superior characteristics and multiple functions.In this review,we summarize the works on synthesis methods,bioapplications,biomembrane modification and biosafety of PLNPs and highlight the recent advances in biosensing,imaging and imaging-guided therapy.We further discuss the new types of PLNPs as a newly emerged class of functional biomaterials for multiple applications.Finally,the remaining problems and challenges are discussed with suggestions and prospects for potential future directions in the biomedical applications.

Black phosphorus:A novel nanoplatform with potential in the¯eld of bio-photonic nanomedicine

Single-or few-layer black phosphorus(FLBP)has attracted great attentions in scientic community with its excellent properties,including biodegradability,unique puckered lattice conguration,attractive electrical properties and direct and tunable band gap.In recent years,FLBP has been widely studied in bio-photonicelds such as photothermal and photodynamic therapy,drug delivery,bioimaging and biosensor,showing attractive clinical potential.Because of the marked advantages of FLBP nanomaterials in bio-photonicelds,this review article reviews the latest advances of biomaterials based on FLBP in biomedical applications,ranging from biocompatibility,medical diagnosis to treatment.

One Step Quick Detection of Cancer Cell Surface Marker by Integrated NiFe-based Magnetic Biosensing Cell Cultural Chip

RGD peptides has been used to detect cell surface integrin and direct clinical effective therapeutic drug selection. Herein we report that a quick one step detection of cell surface marker that was realized by a specially designed NiF e-based magnetic biosensing cell chip combined with functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. Magnetic nanoparticles with 20-30 nm in diameter were prepared by coprecipitation and modified with RGD-4C, and the resultant RGD-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles were used for targeting cancer cells cultured on the NiF e-based magnetic biosensing chip and distinguish the amount of cell surface receptor-integrin.Cell lines such as Calu3, Hela, A549, CaF br, HEK293 and HUVEC exhibiting different integrin expression were chosen as test samples. Calu3, Hela, HEK293 and HUVEC cells were successfully identified. This approach has advantages in the qualitative screening test. Compared with traditional method, it is fast, sensitive, low cost,easy-operative, and needs very little human intervention. The novel method has great potential in applications such as fast clinical cell surface marker detection, and diagnosis of early cancer, and can be easily extended to other biomedical applications based on molecular recognition.

Insights into Theranostic Properties of Titanium Dioxide for Nanomedicine

Titanium dioxide(TiO2)nanostructures exhibit a broad range of theranostic properties that make them attractive for biomedical applications.TiO2 nanostructures promise to improve current theranostic strategies by leveraging the enhanced quantum confinement,thermal conversion,specific surface area,and surface activity.This review highlights certain important aspects of fabrication strategies,which are employed to generate multifunctional TiO2 nanostructures,while outlining post-fabrication techniques with an emphasis on their suitability for nanomedicine.The biodistribution,toxicity,biocompatibility,cellular adhesion,and endocytosis of these nanostructures,when exposed to biological microenvironments,are examined in regard to their geometry,size,and surface chemistry.The final section focuses on recent biomedical applications of TiO2 nanostructures,specifically evaluating therapeutic delivery,photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy,bioimaging,biosensing,tissue regeneration,as well as chronic wound healing.

Nanozymes in Point-of-Care Diagnosis:An Emerging Futuristic Approach for Biosensing

Nanomaterial-based artificial enzymes(or nanozymes) have attracted great attention in the past few years owing to their capability not only to mimic functionality but also to overcome the inherent drawbacks of the natural enzymes.Numerous advantages of nanozymes such as diverse enzyme-mimicking activities,low cost,high stability,robustness,unique surface chemistry,and ease of surface tunability and biocompatibility have allowed their integration in a wide range of biosensing applications. Several metal,metal oxide,metal–organic framework-based nanozymes have been exploited for the development of biosensing systems,which present the potential for point-of-care analysis. To highlight recent progress in the field,in this review,more than 260 research articles are discussed systematically with suitable recent examples,elucidating the role of nanozymes to reinforce,miniaturize,and improve the performance of point-of-care diagnostics addressing the ASSURED(a ordable,sensitive,specific,user-friendly,rapid and robust,equipment-free and deliverable to the end user) criteria formulated by World Health Organization. The review reveals that many biosensing strategies such as electrochemical,colorimetric,fluorescent,and immunological sensors required to achieve the ASSURED standards can be implemented by using enzyme-mimicking activities of nanomaterials as signal producing components. However,basic system functionality is still lacking. Since the enzyme-mimicking properties of the nanomaterials are dictated by their size,shape,composition,surface charge,surface chemistry as well as external parameters such as pH or temperature,these factors play a crucial role in the design and function of nanozyme-based point-of-care diagnostics. Therefore,it requires a deliberate exertion to integrate various parameters for truly ASSURED solutions to be realized. This review also discusses possible limitations and research gaps to provide readers a brief scenario of the emerging role of nanozymes in state-of-the-art POC diagnosis system development for futuristic biosensing applications.

Iron-Imprinted Single-Atomic Site Catalyst-Based Nanoprobe for Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide in Living Cells

Fe-based single-atomic site catalysts(SASCs),with the natural metalloproteases-like active site structure,have attracted widespread attention in biocatalysis and biosensing.Precisely,controlling the isolated single-atom Fe-N-C active site structure is crucial to improve the SASCs’performance.In this work,we use a facile ion-imprinting method(IIM)to synthesize isolated Fe-N-C single-atomic site catalysts(IIM-Fe-SASC).With this method,the ion-imprinting process can precisely control ion at the atomic level and form numerous well-defined single-atomic Fe-N-C sites.The IIM-Fe-SASC shows better peroxidase-like activities than that of non-imprinted references.Due to its excellent properties,IIM-Fe-SASC is an ideal nanoprobe used in the colorimetric biosensing of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)).Using IIM-Fe-SASC as the nanoprobe,in situ detection of H_(2)O_(2)generated from MDA-MB-231 cells has been successfully demonstrated with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity.This work opens a novel and easy route in designing advanced SASC and provides a sensitive tool for intracellular H_(2)O_(2)detection.

A short review on cell-based biosensing:challenges and breakthroughs in biomedical analysis

Current cell-based biosensors have progressed substantially from mere alternatives to molecular bioreceptors into enabling tools for interfacing molecular machineries and gene circuits with microelectronics and for developing groundbreaking sensing and theragnostic platforms.The recent literature concerning whole-cell biosensors is reviewed with an emphasis on mammalian cells,and the challenges and breakthroughs brought along in biomedical analyses through novel biosensing concepts and the synthetic biology toolbox.These recent innovations allow development of cell-based biosensing platforms having tailored performances and capable to reach the levels of sensitivity,dynamic range,and stability suitable for high analytic/medical relevance.They also pave the way for the construction of flexible biosensing platforms with utility across biological research and clinical applications.The work is intended to stimulate interest in generation of cell-based biosensors and improve their acceptance and exploitation.

Study on Technique of Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging Sensing for Biomolecular Interaction

High resolution of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detection is of vital importance.SPR biosensing system resolution is determined by intrinsic sensitivity of biochip and light signal acquisition system.In this article,different signal acquisition system resolutions on photodetector were analyzed based on light intensity and phase detection.Result shows that charge coupled device (CCD) with larger numbers of pixels is potential to achieve higher detection resolution.A 64 pixel line array CCD and a 12 bit ADC can achieve resolution of 10^(-7) refractive index unit (RIU).In array detection mode,increasing of detection throughput is at the cost of decreasing system resolution.Simulation analysis indicates that,if noise is taken into account,phase modulation methods are capable of providing better noise reduction performance than intensity methods.

Britton Chance's lab and thereafter:From NIR spectroscopy to molecular sensing via nanotechnology

I was fortunate to,work with/for Dr Britton Chance as his postdoctoral fellow,in the Bio-chemistry and Biophysics Department at the University of Pennsy lvania,bet ween August 1991and January 1994.As anyone who worked for him,I had a suficient dosage of"Brtton Chance"over the years.Initilly,to me,I felt that he was someone who was above regular people and faraway to reach,Then I became to know him as a person,who was simple and complicated at thesame time,with a persistent pursuit for his life interests,i.e,the advancement in science relatedto human health.As far as it goes to science(and perhaps with sailing),he had few boundary:Hecommunicated with any age group,any one from any country with any cultural background.Anyscientists were welcomed to his lab,his own house,and even his boat.He was happy with minimalmaterial things.He kept his friendship faithfully.From him,I came to lmow how much oneperson can actually do during a life time.am very gratefil that I got to lnow him during my lifepath In this paper,list some of my experiences with hin scientifically and also how and what ilearned from him impacted my research and personal life.

Component spectroscopic properties of light-harvesting complexes with DFT calculations

Photosynthesis is a fundamental process in biosciences and biotechnology that influences profoundly the research in other disciplines.In this paper,we focus on the characterization of fundamental components,present in pigment-protein complexes,in terms of their spectroscopic properties such as infrared spectra,nuclear magnetic resonance,as well as nuclear quadrupole resonance,which are of critical importance for many applications.Such components include chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls.Based on the density functional theory method,we calculate the main spectroscopic characteristics of these components for the Fenna-Matthews-Olson light-harvesting complex,analyze them and compare them with available experimental results.Future outlook is discussed in the context of current and potential applications of the presented results.

Super-Resolution Displacement Spectroscopic Sensing over a Surface“Rainbow”

Subwavelength manipulation of light waves with high precision can enable new and exciting applications in spectroscopy,sensing,and medical imaging.For these applications,miniaturized spectrometers are desirable to enable the on-chip analysis of spectral information.In particular,for imaging-based spectroscopic sensing mechanisms,the key challenge is to determine the spatial-shift information accurately(i.e.,the spatial displacement introduced by wavelength shift or biological or chemical surface binding),which is similar to the challenge presented by super-resolution imaging.Here,we report a unique"rainbow"trapping metasurface for on-chip spectrometers and sensors.Combined with super-resolution image processing,the low-setting 4×optical microscope system resolves a displacement of the resonant position within 35 nm on the plasmonic rainbow trapping metasurface with a tiny area as small as0.002 mm2.This unique feature of the spatial manipulation of efficiently coupled rainbow plasmonic resonances reveals a new platform for miniaturized on-chip spectroscopic analysis with a spectral resolution of 0.032 nm in wavelength shift.Using this low-setting 4×microscope imaging system,we demonstrate a biosensing resolution of 1.92×109exosomes per milliliter for A549-derived exosomes and distinguish between patient samples and healthy controls using exosomal epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)expression values,thereby demonstrating a new on-chip sensing system for personalized accurate bio/chemical sensing applications.

Advances in Application of Biosensing Technology in Detection of Animal Epidemic Diseases

The development of rapid and sensitive detection technologies for animal epidemic diseases is very important to early diagnosis and disease control. Biosensing technology is a novel biological detection technology developed in recent years and has been listed as one of the five medical inspection technologies in the 21＂ century, which is considered as a rapid and effective technology for detection and diagnosis of animal epidemic diseases. In this paper, the latest research progresses on the application of biosensing technology in detection of bacterial infectious diseases, viral infectious diseases and parasitic diseases were summarized.

Biomimetic microstructural scaffolds and their applications in tissue engineering

The dynamic structures of extracellular matrix regulate cell behaviors by providing three-dimension ecological niche and mechanical cues.Under the progress of both surface patterning and biomaterials,the cues of micro-and nanoscale topography on microstructural scaffold biomaterials are increasingly recognized as decisive factors of biomimetic materials.In this review,we provide an overview of the recent progress of biomimetic microstructured scaffolds,including advances in their biomimetic manufacturing technology,functionality,potential applications and future challenges.We highlight recent progress in the fabrication of microstructured scaffold materials with various biological and physicochemical characteristics of native extracellular matrix.The recent key advances of microstructured scaffold for tissue engineering,bio-adhesive,antibacterial and biosensing applications were offered.Eventually,we summarize by offering our perspective on this fast-growing field.

Recent progress in MOFs-based nanozymes for biosensing

Nanozymes are nanomaterials with enzyme-mimicking catalytic activity.Compared to natural enzymes,nanozymes show various properties such as easy to manufacture,stable,adjustable,and inexpensive.Nanozymes play key roles in biosensing,biocatalysis,and disease treatment.As an important kind of nanozymes,metal-organic framework(MOF)-based nanozymes are receiving a lot of attention due to their structural properties and composition.Rationally developing MOF with enzymes-like catalytic properties has opened new perspectives in biosensing.This review summarizes the up-to-date developments in synthesizing two-dimensional and three-dimensional MOF-based nanozymes and their applications in biosensing.Firstly,classification of nanozymes obtained by MOFs is categorized,and different properties of MOF-based nanozymes are described.Then,the distinctive applications of MOF-based nanozymes in identifying various analytes are thoroughly summarized.Finally,the recent challenges and progressive directions in this area are highlighted.

Hybridization chain reaction-based DNA nanomaterials for biosensing,bioimaging and therapeutics

DNA nanomaterials hold great promise in biomedical fields due to its excellent sequence programmability,molecular recognition ability and biocompatibility.Hybridization chain reaction(HCR)is a simple and efficient isothermal enzyme-free amplification strategy of DNA,generating nicked double helices with repeated units.Through the design of HCR hairpins,multiple nanomaterials with desired functions are assembled by DNA,exhibiting great potential in biomedical applications.Herein,the recent progress of HCR-based DNA nanomaterials for biosensing,bioimaging and therapeutics are summarized.Representative works are exemplified to demonstrate how HCR-based DNA nanomaterials are designed and constructed.The challenges and prospects of the development of HCR-based DNA nanomaterials are discussed.We envision that rationally designing HCR-based DNA nanomaterials will facilitate the development of biomedical applications.

Metal-Organic Framework Nanozyme Enabling Dual-Functional Photo-lnduced Charge Transfer and Biomimetic Precipitation for Advanced Organic Photoelectrochemical Transistor Bioanalysis

We report herein the first observation of MoF nanozyme enabling dual-functional photo-induced charge transfer and biomimetic precipitation for advanced organic photoelectrochemical transistor(OPECT)bioanalysis.Specifically,Fe/Co-MIL-88,serving simultaneously as the semiconductor and nanozyme,was explored as a dual-functional gating module in OPECT.Upon light llumination,it could accelerate the charge transfer of the photogate to produce enhanced photo-induced voltage.Meanwhile,its catalytic property could efficiently produce biomimetic precipitation to block the nanopores in Fe/Co-MIL-88 and thus alter the device characteristics.

Near-infrared Emissive 1,2-Dioxetane-based Chemiluminescent Probes

Chemiluminescence,a phenomenon emitting light from chemical reactions rather than photon absorption,has gained significant interest for applications in bioimaging and biosensing due to its high sensitivity and low background interference.Now there is a growing interest in near-infrared(NIR)chemiluminescent probes for improved tissue penetration and reduced autofluorescence.This review summarizes NIR emissive chemiluminescent probes based on 1,2-dioxetane and discusses their chemical structures and applications.Structure modification strategies for red-shifting wavelength and enhancing brightness include incorporating electron-withdrawing groups,designing chemiluminophore-fluorophore cassettes,and exploring alternative chemiluminescent scaffolds.This review aims to inspire the exploration of NIR chemiluminescent probes in disease detection and treatment.

Enzymatically controlled DNA tetrahedron nanoprobes for specific imaging of ATP in tumor

Intracellular ATP is an emerging biomarker for cancer early diagnosis because it is a key messenger for regulating the proliferation and migration of cancer cells.However,the conventional ATP biosensing strat-egy is often limited by the undesired on-target off-tumor interference.Here,we reported a novel strategy to design enzymatically controlled DNA tetrahedron nanoprobes(En-DT)for biosensing and imaging ATP in tumor cells.The En-DT was designed via rational engineering of structure-switching aptamers with the incorporation of an enzyme-activatable site and further conjugation on the DNA tetrahedron.The En-DT could be catalytically activated by apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1(APE1)in cancer cells,but they did not respond to ATP in normal cells,thereby enabling cancer-specific ATP biosensing and imaging in vitro and in vivo with improved tumor specificity.This strategy would facilitate the precise detection of a broad range of biomarker in tumors and may promote the development of smart probes for cancer diagnosis.

Recent advances in molecular and nanoparticle probes for fluorescent bioanalysis

With the increasing emphasis on ecological safety and physical health,the detection and treatment of harmful substances and diseases are becoming more and more prevalent.Therefore,efficiently monitoring these biological behaviors with high accuracy and sensitivity in real-time has shown prominent research significance.The use of fluorescent probes to analyze organisms has gained momentum in recent years,especially in the field of organ imaging and assisted cancer therapy,where fluorescent bioanalysis demonstrates significant advantageous.In this review,we explored the latest advancements in fluorescent molecular probes(e.g.,small-molecule,macro-molecule,supramolecule)and fluorescent nanoparticle probes(e.g.,quantum dots or nanoclusters,metal-organic frameworks,polymers,complexes)used as bioanalytical tools in various assays over the last three years.We also delved into their detective mechanisms,specific application areas,and characterization tools for responsive behavior.This review aims to showcase the most recent and comprehensive research progress in fluorescent bioanalysis based on molecular and nanoparticle probes,offering guidance for future developments in the design and fabrication of fluorescent probes and their potential applications.