Investigation on Biovars and Serotypes of Ureaplasma Urealyticum in Cervix in Chinese Gynecologic Check-up Population, Sexually Transmitted Infections Clinic Clients and Sex Workers

Objectives: To characterize the distribution pattern biovars and serotypes of Ureaplasma urealyticum in normahealthy women, sexually transmitted infections clinic clienand in sex workers. Methods: We cultured cervical swabs taken from 26physical check-up clients, 599 STI clinic outpatients and 9sex workers using commercial selective medium. Sompositive cultures were further biotyped and serotyped bPCR. Results: (1) Biovar 1 of U urealyticum (95.0%), especiallsingle infection of serotype 1, 3, and 6 of biovar 1,commonly found in healthy women. (2) U urealyticummore commonly isolated in sex workers (90.8%) than iphysical check-up group (60.9%) and STI outpatients grou(61.3%) (P<0.001). (3) Biovar 2 infection of U urealyticuris more prevalent in sex workers (28.1%) and SToutpatients group (26.6%) than that in physical check-ugroup (4.9%) (P<0.001). (4) Mixed infection caused bmore than one serotype of U. urealyticum is increasing fromphysical check-up group (8.6%) to STI outpatients (12.4%and to sex wokers (23.9%) (P<0.01). (5) There is nstatistic difference in the distribution of serotype 1, 3, and of biovar 1 among these three groups (P=0.763). (6) ThPCR method described here is relatively simple, rapid anspecific for the biotyping and serotyping of biovar 1 of Uurealyticum. Conclusion: we should pay more attention to biovarand mixed infection than single infection of biovar 1 of Uurealyticum in clinic practice. PCR is a good method ibiotyping and serotyping.

Biovars and Serotypes of Ureaplasma Urealyticum among Chinese Women Undergoing Routine Gynecologic Exam, Women with Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Female Sex Workers

Objectives: To characterize the distribution pattern of biovars and scrotypes or Ureaplasma urealyyicum in normalhealthy women, sexually transmitted infections clinic clients,and in sex workers. Methods: We cultured cervical swabs taken from 261physical check-up clients, 599 STI clinic outpatients and 98 sexworkers using commercial selective medium. Some positivecultures were further biotyped and serotyped by PCR. Results: (1) U. urealyticum is more commonly isolated in sexworkers (90.8%) than in the physical check-up group (60.9%)or the STI outpatient group (61.3%) (P<0.001). (2) Biovar 1of U. 'realyticum (95.0%), especially single infection ofserotype 1. 3, and 6 of biovar 1, is commonly found in healthywomen. (3) Biovar 2 infection of U urealyticum is moreprevalent in sex workers (28.1%) and STI outpatients group(26.6%) than that in the physical check-up group (4.9%) (P<0.001). (4) Mixed infection caused by more than one serotypeof U urealyticum increased from physical check-up group(8.6%) to STI utpatients (12.4%) to sex workers (23.9%) (P<0.01). (5) There is no statistically significant difference in thedistribution of serotype 1, 3, and 6 of biovar 1 among thesethree groups (P=0.763). (6) The PCR method described here isrelatively simple, rapid and specific for the biotyping andserotyping of biovar 1 of U urealyticum. Conclusion: We should pay more attention to biovar 2 andmixed infections of U. urealyticum than single infection ofhiovar 1 in clinic practice. PCR is a good method for biotypingand serotvping.

方斑东风螺肿吻症病原菌的分离鉴定及药敏分析

从海南省文昌县某养殖场患病方斑东风螺（Babylonia areolata）的吻、肌肉和肝脏中分离到2株优势菌。人工感染证实其中1株为致病菌，经形态学检测和生化鉴定，该病原菌为鳗弧菌生物变种Ⅰ（Vibrio anguillarum Biovar Ⅰ）。该病原菌对方斑东风螺的LD50值为1．7×10^6cfu／g。药敏试验表明派拉西林、罗红霉素、红霉素、洁霉素、氟哌酸、先锋必、妥布霉素、菌必治、复方新诺明、利福平、复达欣、呋喃妥因等12种抗生素类药物对该病原菌敏感。

华鲮烂尾病病原的分离鉴定及药敏分析

从患有烂尾病的华鲮(Sinilabeo rendahli)体内分离到两个优势菌株(编号:BB090516C-1和BB090516C-2),对分离菌株形态特征、主要理化特性等生物学性状鉴定后测定其16S rRNA序列并构建系统发育树,同时采用K-B琼脂扩散法进行药敏实验。结果显示:经人工感染试验,证实分离菌对华鲮有较强的致病性,该菌为革兰氏阴性、兼性厌氧发酵型短杆菌。经形态特征、培养特性和生理生化反应等指标分析鉴定结果显示该菌为维隆气单胞菌温和生物型(Aerom onas veronii biovar sobria)。用16S rRNA基因序列比对结果显示分离菌株与维隆气单胞菌的同源性高达99%,系统进化树中与维隆气单胞菌自然聚为一支,表明该菌为维隆气单胞菌温和生物型。用22种抗菌类药物进行药敏实验发现,该菌对头孢曲松、硫酸庆大霉素等9种抗菌类药物高度敏感,对新霉素等6种药物中敏,对氨苄青霉素等7种药物耐药。

Aeromonas veronii biovar veronii and sepsis-infrequent complication of biliary drainage placement: A case report

BACKGROUND Aeromonas species are uncommon pathogens in biliary sepsis and cause substantial mortality in patients with impaired hepatobiliary function. Asia has the highest incidence of infection from Aeromonas,whereas cases in the west are rare.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 64-year-old woman with advanced pancreatic cancer and jaundice who manifested fever,abdominal pain,severe thrombocytopenia,anemia and kidney failure following the insertion of a percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Blood culture results revealed the presence of Aeromonas veronii biovar veronii(A. veronii biovar veronii). After antibiotic therapy and transfusions,the life-threatening clinical conditions of the patient improved and she was discharged.CONCLUSION This was a rare case of infection,probably the first to be reported in West countries,caused by A. veronii biovar veronii following biliary drainage. A finding of Aeromonas must alert clinician to the possibility of severe sepsis.

The Citrate Metabolism in Homo-and Heterofermentative LAB:A Selective Means of Becoming Dominant over Other Microorganisms in Complex Ecosystems

The citrate metabolism has been extensively studied in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for its aroma compound production. Among the 4-carbon (C4) by-products obtained from citrate fermentation, diacetyl is one of the better known products for its contribution to the buttery aroma of dairy products. A lot of documents deal with ways to improve diacetyl concentration in food matrices. Apart from these organoleptic advantages, in a microbial ecosystem, the citrate metabolism gives selective advantages to citrate positive microorganisms. Citrate metabolism allows the LAB to use another carbon source for their growth, withstand acidic conditions and generate a “proton motive force” (PMF). Moreover, the citrate/glucid co-metabolism leads to the fast release of organic compounds known for having bacteriostatic effects. Under specific conditions, the C4?pathway liberates diacetyl which is bacteriostatic. In this review we first describe the citrate metabolism and the enzymes involved in the two homo- and heterofermentative LABLc diacetylactisandLeuconostocspp. Moreover, the way to shift the metabolic pathway toward the production of aromatic compounds is discussed for both of these fermentative types of bacteria. Finally, the selective advantages of citrate metabolism for LAB in complex microbial ecosystems are delineated.

Morphological, Pathological, Biochemical and Molecular Characterization of <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i>Isolates in Bangladesh

One thirty samples (fifty-five potato tubers, twenty-seven potato stems, three chili stems, twenty-eight soil samples, five weed samples, three banana leaves, and nine water samples) were examined and one hundred six (106) Bangladeshi isolates of Ralstonia solanacearum were isolated and identified. Isolation was made on selective media (Tetrazolium chloride media) and R. solanacearum was identified based on morphological, pathological and biochemical properties and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by using the species-specific primers. Studies showed that 81.54% (106) samples were positive on tetrazolium chloride solid medium. Among them 90 isolates were virulent and rest of them were avirulent. Fifty isolates were selected for chemical characterization based on hypersensitivity test. R. solanacearum is gram negative, aerobic facultative bacteria on the basis of chemical characterization. Fifty tested isolates expressed as race 3 while in biovar test forty-eight showed as biovar III and the rest two showed as biovar I. In nine tested isolates from the three districts a species-specific band of 280 bp was amplified in PCR that confirmed the identity of R. solanacerum.

A case report of spontaneous abortion caused by Brucella melitensis biovar 3

Background:Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by Brucella spp.Brucella invades the body through the skin mucosa,digestive tract,and respiratory tract.However,only a few studies on human spontaneous abortion attributable to Brucella have been reported.In this work,the patient living in Shanxi Province in China who had suffered a spontaneous abortion was underwent pathogen detection and Brucella melitensis biovar 3 was identified.Case presentation:The patient in this study was 22 years old.On July 16,2015,she was admitted to Shanxi Grand Hospital,Shanxi Province,China because of one day of vaginal bleeding and three days of abdominal distension accompanied by fever after five months of amenorrhea.A serum tube agglutination test for brucellosis and blood culture were positive.At the time of discharge,she was prescribed oral doxycycline(100 mg/dose,twice a day)and rifampicin(600 mg/dose,once daily)for 6 weeks as recommended by the World Health Organization(WHO).No recurrence was observed during the six months of follow-up after the cessation of antibiotic treatment.Conclusions:This is the first reported case of miscarriage resulting from Brucella melitensis biovar 3 isolated from a pregnant woman who was infected through unpasteurized milk in China.Brucellosis infection was overlooked in the Maternity Hospital because of physician unawareness.Early recognition and prompt treatment of brucellosis infection are crucial for a successful outcome in pregnancy.

Benzaldehyde lyase-catalyzed enantioselective C-C bond formation and cleavage:A review

Benzaldehyde lyase(BAL)is an enzyme which was originally found from Pseudomonas fluorescens biovar I.It has long been used in the formation of a C-C bond.BAL can exclusively yield(R)-enantioselective products from the synthesis ofα-hydroxy ketones and has so far been explored as an important enzyme to prepare the corresponding intermediate of pharmaceuticals.Due to its substrate spectrum and stereospecificity,this enzyme extends the synthetic potential for carboligations appreciably.In this review,we highlight the biotransformation applications of BAL in recent years,some of which have achieved intriguing results and provided the theoretical basis for drug development and industrial purpose in the future.