Expressed sequence tags（ESTs） are generated from single-pass sequencing of randomly picked cDNA clones and can be used for development of simple sequence repeat（SSR） markers or microsatellites.However,EST database...Expressed sequence tags（ESTs） are generated from single-pass sequencing of randomly picked cDNA clones and can be used for development of simple sequence repeat（SSR） markers or microsatellites.However,EST databases have been developed for only a small number of species.This paper provides a case study of the utility of freely available birch EST resources for the development of markers necessary for the genetic analysis of Betula luminifera.Based on birch EST data,primers for 80 EST-SSR candidate loci were developed and tested in birch.Of these,59 EST-SSR loci yielded single,stable and clear PCR products.We then tested the utility of those 59 markers in B.luminifera.The results showed 28（47.6%） yielded stable and clear PCR products for at least one B.luminifera genotype.In addition,this study describes a rapid and inexpensive alternative for the development of SSRs in species with scarce available sequence data.展开更多
Simple sequence repeats（SSRs） defined as sequence repeat units between 1 and 6 bp occur abundantly in both coding and non-coding regions in eukaryotic genomes and these repeats can affect gene expression. In this st...Simple sequence repeats（SSRs） defined as sequence repeat units between 1 and 6 bp occur abundantly in both coding and non-coding regions in eukaryotic genomes and these repeats can affect gene expression. In this study, ESTs（expressed sequence tags） of Betula pendula（silver birch） were analyzed for in silico mining of ESTSSRs, protein annotation, open reading frames（ORFs）,designing primers, and identifying codon repetitions. In B.pendula, the frequency of ESTs containing SSRs was 7.8 %with an average of 1SSR/4. 78 kb of EST sequences. A total of 188 SSRs was identified by using MISA software and dinucleotide SSR motifs（65.9 %） were found to be the most abundant type of repeat motif followed by tri-（27.1 %）,tetra-（4.8 %）, and penta-（2.2 %） motifs. Based on ORF analysis, 175 of 178 sequences were predicted as ORFs and the most frequent SSRs were detected in 50 UTR（58.43 %）,followed by in ORF（31.46 %） and in 30UTR（8.43 %）. 102 of 178 ESTs were annotated as ribosomal protein, transport protein, membrane protein, carrier protein, binding protein,and transferase protein. For a total of 102 SSRs（57.3 %）with significant matches, a set of 102 primers（100 %） with forward and reverse strands was designed by using Primer 3 software. Serine（Ser, 19.6 %） was predominant in putative encoded amino acids and most of amino acids showed nonpolar（35.3 %） nature. Our data provide resources for B.pendula and can be useful for in silico comparative analyses of Betulaceae species, including SSR mining.展开更多
In this study, we investigated the effect of different types of light and MeJA treatment on the accumulation of betulin and oleanolic acid in various organs of white birch. Our results showed that betulin and oleanoli...In this study, we investigated the effect of different types of light and MeJA treatment on the accumulation of betulin and oleanolic acid in various organs of white birch. Our results showed that betulin and oleanolic were accumulated mainly in the stalk skin. The content of both substances in the stalk skin was significantly affected by seasons with a peak accumulation in August. The content of oleanolic and betulin was significantly decreased in the stem skin treated with 4 types of light (red, yellow, blue and green) compared with the plant with normal illumination. In contrast, oleanolic acid in leaves was increased by 13.28 folds when the white birch was treated with green light. Betulin was increased by 1.959 folds in leaves of white birch treated with blue light. The highest content of betulin and oleanolic acid in various organs of birch with appropriate shading treatment (light transmittance: 50%) was increased by 45.09% and 30.50%, respectively, in comparison with those with non-shading treatment. Content of oleanolic acid and betulin can be significantly improved in various parts of birch after treatment with different concentration of MeJA. The study lays the foundation to metabolic regulation of oleanolic acid and betulin in birch.展开更多
赛黑桦（Betula schmidtii）,又称辽东桦,散孔材;木质厚重、坚硬,传统上用来制作车轴、木锤、擀面杖、算盘珠等（戚继忠等,2009;Akcehob et al.,2006）,主要生长在我国东北东部与朝鲜接壤地区,与该地区相邻的朝鲜南部和俄罗斯南部海滨...赛黑桦（Betula schmidtii）,又称辽东桦,散孔材;木质厚重、坚硬,传统上用来制作车轴、木锤、擀面杖、算盘珠等（戚继忠等,2009;Akcehob et al.,2006）,主要生长在我国东北东部与朝鲜接壤地区,与该地区相邻的朝鲜南部和俄罗斯南部海滨一带（锡霍特山脉南端）亦有分布,成年立木高约20m,树干直径约70cm,寿命约300-350年（Nechaeva,1972;RedBookoftheUSSR，1984；Korkishko，1992）。展开更多
Five wood rot fungi were used to decay 300 mature trees of white birch(Betula platyphylla)in Liangshui experiment stations.The decaying susceptible and resistant populations in 10 trees each with the highest and lowes...Five wood rot fungi were used to decay 300 mature trees of white birch(Betula platyphylla)in Liangshui experiment stations.The decaying susceptible and resistant populations in 10 trees each with the highest and lowest weight loss were selected,in which total phenol in wood was tested.The result showed that the birch wood with lower total phenol was easy to be decayed by Fomes fomentarius and Piptoporus betulinus;Irpex lacteus,Pholiota adiposa and Coriolus versicolor were not sensitive to total phenol in white birch wood.After GC-MS test to methanol extractionof white birch wood,6 organic compounds were found.This paper would provide some useful information in future study difference in the chemical characteristics of the wood between decaying susceptible and resistant populations,and select natural anti-decadent plants.展开更多
基金funded by the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang in China (Y307465)
文摘Expressed sequence tags（ESTs） are generated from single-pass sequencing of randomly picked cDNA clones and can be used for development of simple sequence repeat（SSR） markers or microsatellites.However,EST databases have been developed for only a small number of species.This paper provides a case study of the utility of freely available birch EST resources for the development of markers necessary for the genetic analysis of Betula luminifera.Based on birch EST data,primers for 80 EST-SSR candidate loci were developed and tested in birch.Of these,59 EST-SSR loci yielded single,stable and clear PCR products.We then tested the utility of those 59 markers in B.luminifera.The results showed 28（47.6%） yielded stable and clear PCR products for at least one B.luminifera genotype.In addition,this study describes a rapid and inexpensive alternative for the development of SSRs in species with scarce available sequence data.
文摘Simple sequence repeats（SSRs） defined as sequence repeat units between 1 and 6 bp occur abundantly in both coding and non-coding regions in eukaryotic genomes and these repeats can affect gene expression. In this study, ESTs（expressed sequence tags） of Betula pendula（silver birch） were analyzed for in silico mining of ESTSSRs, protein annotation, open reading frames（ORFs）,designing primers, and identifying codon repetitions. In B.pendula, the frequency of ESTs containing SSRs was 7.8 %with an average of 1SSR/4. 78 kb of EST sequences. A total of 188 SSRs was identified by using MISA software and dinucleotide SSR motifs（65.9 %） were found to be the most abundant type of repeat motif followed by tri-（27.1 %）,tetra-（4.8 %）, and penta-（2.2 %） motifs. Based on ORF analysis, 175 of 178 sequences were predicted as ORFs and the most frequent SSRs were detected in 50 UTR（58.43 %）,followed by in ORF（31.46 %） and in 30UTR（8.43 %）. 102 of 178 ESTs were annotated as ribosomal protein, transport protein, membrane protein, carrier protein, binding protein,and transferase protein. For a total of 102 SSRs（57.3 %）with significant matches, a set of 102 primers（100 %） with forward and reverse strands was designed by using Primer 3 software. Serine（Ser, 19.6 %） was predominant in putative encoded amino acids and most of amino acids showed nonpolar（35.3 %） nature. Our data provide resources for B.pendula and can be useful for in silico comparative analyses of Betulaceae species, including SSR mining.
文摘In this study, we investigated the effect of different types of light and MeJA treatment on the accumulation of betulin and oleanolic acid in various organs of white birch. Our results showed that betulin and oleanolic were accumulated mainly in the stalk skin. The content of both substances in the stalk skin was significantly affected by seasons with a peak accumulation in August. The content of oleanolic and betulin was significantly decreased in the stem skin treated with 4 types of light (red, yellow, blue and green) compared with the plant with normal illumination. In contrast, oleanolic acid in leaves was increased by 13.28 folds when the white birch was treated with green light. Betulin was increased by 1.959 folds in leaves of white birch treated with blue light. The highest content of betulin and oleanolic acid in various organs of birch with appropriate shading treatment (light transmittance: 50%) was increased by 45.09% and 30.50%, respectively, in comparison with those with non-shading treatment. Content of oleanolic acid and betulin can be significantly improved in various parts of birch after treatment with different concentration of MeJA. The study lays the foundation to metabolic regulation of oleanolic acid and betulin in birch.
文摘赛黑桦（Betula schmidtii）,又称辽东桦,散孔材;木质厚重、坚硬,传统上用来制作车轴、木锤、擀面杖、算盘珠等（戚继忠等,2009;Akcehob et al.,2006）,主要生长在我国东北东部与朝鲜接壤地区,与该地区相邻的朝鲜南部和俄罗斯南部海滨一带（锡霍特山脉南端）亦有分布,成年立木高约20m,树干直径约70cm,寿命约300-350年（Nechaeva,1972;RedBookoftheUSSR，1984；Korkishko，1992）。
文摘Five wood rot fungi were used to decay 300 mature trees of white birch(Betula platyphylla)in Liangshui experiment stations.The decaying susceptible and resistant populations in 10 trees each with the highest and lowest weight loss were selected,in which total phenol in wood was tested.The result showed that the birch wood with lower total phenol was easy to be decayed by Fomes fomentarius and Piptoporus betulinus;Irpex lacteus,Pholiota adiposa and Coriolus versicolor were not sensitive to total phenol in white birch wood.After GC-MS test to methanol extractionof white birch wood,6 organic compounds were found.This paper would provide some useful information in future study difference in the chemical characteristics of the wood between decaying susceptible and resistant populations,and select natural anti-decadent plants.
