Chemically Mediated Interactions between Grapevine, Aphid, Ladybird, and Ant in the Context of Insect Chemical Ecology

This study simplifies the complex relationship among grapevine plants,aphids,ladybirds,and ants,which is essential for effective pest management and ecological balance.This study investigated the impact of aphid attacks and the presence of ants and ladybirds on the volatile compounds profile released into the chemosphere of the community consisting of the common vine Vitis vinifera,the aphid Aphis illinoisensis,the ladybird Cocci-nella undecimpunctata-and the ant Tapinoma magnum.This study aims to analyze the volatile compounds emitted by the grapevine and surrounding insects in response to these intricate interactions.The extraction of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)was carried out using closed-loop stripping(CLS)and then analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and principles coordinated analysis(PCA)was performed.The grapevine was exposed to different types and order of treatments,including non-infested,aphid-infested,aphid-infested with ant,aphid-infested with ladybird,and various combinations of ant and ladybird.After the aphid attack,the outcomes uncovered massive alterations in the volatile compound profiles.Infested grapevine displayed distinct emissions of germacrene D,an alcohol,and an alkene compared to non-infested plants.The characteristic VOC profile was the share of infested grapes in the presence of ants,with benzene derivatives and sesquiterpenes dominating the components.The coexistence of ladybirds with ants and aphids resulted in a dif-ferent volatile profile characterized by elevated levels of aldehydes,ketones,α-farnesene,and its hydroxy deriva-tive.It was concluded that the emission of VOCs into the chemosphere of the grapevine communities varied qualitatively and quantitatively depending on the level of the relationship complexity within each community in response to the infestation of grapevines by aphids,the presence of ladybirds as natural predators,and the presence of ant as protector.The grapevine’s status-dependent compounds can serve as indicators of infestation status and contribute to non-destructive early-stage diagnosis of the aphid.

Reactions of Maruca Resistant Transgenic Cowpea to Cowpea Aphid-Borne Mosaic Virus

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. [Walp.]) in one of the main grain legumes contributing to food security and poverty alleviation in Sub-Saharan Africa. To control the highly damaging legume pod borer Maruca vitrata F., transgenic cowpea lines expressing the insecticidal Cry1Ab Bt protein were developed. In this study, we evaluated the impact of Cry1Ab transgene expression on the susceptibility of four cowpea lines (named IT97K-T, IT98K-T, Gourgou-T and Nafi-T) and their respective non-transgenic near isogenic lines (IT97K, IT98K, Gourgou and Nafi) to Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) in greenhouse conditions. In a preliminary quality control test by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the presence of Cry1Ab protein in transgenic seed lots ranged from 59% to 72%, with no significant differences among the lines (χ2 = 3.26;p = 0.35). Upon virus inoculation, all cowpea lines exhibited mosaic symptoms with similar severity between 7- and 11-day post-inoculation. No significant differences were observed in symptom severity. Significant differences were found between cowpea lines for time of symptom onset, virus accumulation in plants and days to 50% flowering. However, while comparing pairs of transgenic lines and corresponding non-transgenic lines, virus accumulation showed not significant differences whatever the pair. Time of symptom onset and days to 50% flowering did not also differ significantly between pairs of cowpea lines except Nafi/Nafi-T in which transgenic Nafi-T showed earlier symptoms (7.4 ± 0.7 vs. 8.9 ± 0.8 days post-inoculation) and shorter flowering time (37.3 ± 0.6 vs. 42 ± 1.7 days after sowing). Overall, these findings improve our understanding of the effects of Cry1Ab gene mediated genetic modification on cowpea infection by Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus, with potential implications for environmental safety assessment.

Regional selection of insecticides and fungal biopesticides to control aphids and thrips and improve the forage quality of alfalfa crops

The efficacies of biological and conventional chemical insecticides against two major insect pests of alfalfa(aphids and thrips)were compared in three sites across China’s alfalfa belt.In addition,the persistence of the residues of chemical insecticides in alfalfa and their influence on the quality of alfalfa hay were examined.Efficacy varied among the different biological and chemical insecticides.The chemical insecticides were significantly more effective than biopesticides in a short time-frame.The efficacy period of biopesticides was significantly longer than that of chemical insecticides,and the corrected mortality rate of aphids in all regions was above 50%at 14 days after application.The analysis of pesticide residues showed that the residual doses of all the pesticides were within the allowed ranges after the safe period.The acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents in alfalfa hay were higher and the protein content was lower in chemical insecticide treatments than in biopesticide treatments in Hebei.The relative feeding value of alfalfa hay treated with Metarhizium anisopliae IPP330189 was the highest among the treatments.Compared with chemical insecticides,the yield of alfalfa hay was higher in the biopesticides treatments.Biopesticides show a stronger control effect on insect populations and also a better improvement in the quality of alfalfa hay than chemical insecticides.This study provides a basis for exploring and developing a comprehensive control regime for alfalfa insect pests in the different alfalfa-growing regions in China,and for reducing chemical insecticide usage and improving forage quality.

Model fitting of the seasonal population dynamics of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, in the field

The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura(Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the greatest threats to soybean production, and both trend analysis and periodic analysis of its population dynamics are important for integrated pest management(IPM). Based on systematically investigating soybean aphid populations in the field from 2018 to 2020, this study adopted the inverse logistic model for the first time, and combined it with the classical logistic model to describe the changes in seasonal population abundance from colonization to extinction in the field. Then, the increasing and decreasing phases of the population fluctuation were divided by calculating the inflection points of the models, which exhibited distinct seasonal trends of the soybean aphid populations in each year. In addition, multifactor logistic models were then established for the first time, in which the abundance of soybean aphids in the field changed with time and relevant environmental conditions. This model enabled the prediction of instantaneous aphid abundance at a given time based on relevant meteorological data. Taken as a whole, the successful approaches implemented in this study could be used to build a theoretical framework for practical IPM strategies for controlling soybean aphids.

Identification of candidate genes for aphid resistance in upland cotton by QTL mapping and expression analysis

Lignin is one of the main components of cell walls and is essential for resistance to insect pests in plants.Cotton plants are damaged by aphid(Aphis gossypii) worldwide but resistant breeding is undeveloped due to scarce knowledge on resistance genes and the mechanism. This study reported a lignin biosynthesisrelated gene identified in the F_(2) population derived from the cross between cotton cultivars Xinluzao 61(resistant to aphid) and Xinluzao 50(susceptible to aphid). A quantitative trait locus was mapped on chromosome D04 with a logarithm of odds(LOD) score of 5.99 and phenotypic effect of 27%. RNA-seq analysis of candidate intervals showed that the expression level of GH_D04G1418 was higher in the resistant cultivar than in the susceptible cultivar. This locus is close to AtLAC4 in the phylogenetic tree and contains a conserved laccase domain. Hence, it was designated GhLAC4-3. Silencing of GhLAC4-3 in Xinluzao 61 via virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS) resulted in decreased lignin content and increased susceptibility to aphids. These results suggest that GhLAC4-3 might enhance aphid resistance by regulating lignin biosynthesis in cotton.

Identification of Early Peach Aphid Infestation Based on Hyperspectral Imaging Technology

Peach aphid is a common pest and hard to detect.This study employs hyperspectral imaging technology to identify early damage in green cabbage caused by peach aphid.Through principal component transformation and multiple linear regression analysis,the correlation relation between spectral characteristics and infestation stage is analyzed.Then,four characteristic wavelength selection methods are compared and optimal characteristic wavelengths subset is determined to be input for modelling.One linear algorithm and two nonlinear modelling algorithms are compared.Finally,support vector machine(SVM)model based on the characteristic wavelengths selected by multi-cluster feature selection(MCFS)acquires the highest identification accuracy,which is 98.97%.These results indicate that hyperspectral imaging technology have the ability to identify early peach aphid infestation stages on green cabbages.

过表达NtH202烟草叶片响应烟蚜侵袭转录组分析

为了筛选烟草受到蚜虫胁迫的差异表达基因,对野生型和过表达NtH202株系烟草幼苗接蚜虫,并在接虫前和接虫6 h采集叶片,提取总RNA后,进行转录组测序,对差异表达基因进行GO和KEGG分析,挖掘相关转录因子,并利用qRT-PCR方法验证。结果表明,受到烟蚜侵袭后,WT共有8694个基因表达量变化,OE共有6795个基因表达量变化,WT上调和下调差异基因数目更多,二者共同变化的差异基因有2663个。GO分类表明,烟蚜侵袭后OE富集到免疫系统进程(GO:0002376)的基因数目明显高于WT。OE和WT富集差异基因数量最多的均是植物-病原体互作途径,其次是植物激素信号转导、淀粉和蔗糖代谢通路和MAPK信号通路-植物通路。与WT相比,NtH202过表达株系共有1342个基因上调在4倍以上;GO分析表明,差异表达基因的功能主要集中在生物学过程、细胞组分和分子功能;KEGG分类显示,与WT相比较,烟蚜侵袭前后,OE均是参与植物病原体互作途径的基因最多。蚜虫侵袭后,WT和OE共同变化的基因中有9个WRKY基因上调表达、5个下调表达,NtWRKY6、NtWRKY11、NtWRKY51、NtWRKY68、NtWRKY70基因RNA测序结果与qRT-PCR结果表现一致,均为上调表达,预测WRKY转录因子在抗蚜反应中起着重要作用。受到蚜虫侵袭后,WT和OE共同变化的基因中有8个MYB上调表达、8个下调表达,MYB转录因子ODO1基因RNA测序结果与qRT-PCR结果表现一致,预测转录因子ODO1在烟草抗蚜反应中起着重要作用。

棉花凝集素类受体蛋白激酶基因GhLecRK1响应棉蚜危害的功能分析

【目的】克隆棉花(Gossgpium hirsutum)凝集素类受体蛋白激酶(LecRK1)基因GhLecRK1,分析其在响应棉蚜危害中的功能,为培育棉花抗蚜新品种提供理论参考。【方法】在棉蚜诱导的棉花叶片全转录组测序数据分析基础上,克隆响应棉蚜危害的GhLecRK1基因,并对其序列进行生物信息学分析。采用实时荧光定量PCR检测GhLecRK1基因在棉蚜诱导下的表达模式,运用瞬时过表达技术研究其在棉花对棉蚜防御响应中的功能。【结果】GhLecRK1基因开放阅读框(ORF)长度1233 bp,编码410个氨基酸残基,理论等电点(pI)8.36,预测蛋白质分子量45948 Da,由具有1个α-甘露糖凝集素结合结构域、1个S-糖蛋白结构域(SLG)和1个纤溶酶原/苹果/线虫结构域(PAN)组成,属G型凝集素类受体蛋白激酶。同源序列比对分析结果表明,GhLecRK1与其他植物的G型LecRLKs序列具有高度相似性(94.39%)。系统发育分析结果表明,GhLecRK1与Gossypium raimondii的Gr012449778.1亲缘关系最近。在棉蚜取食诱导后24、48和72 h的棉花植株的子叶、根、茎中GhLecRK1基因的表达量均有不同程度上调,但是仅有子叶在棉蚜取食24 h时GhLecRK1基因相对表达量显著上调(P<0.05,下同)。选择性和非选择性试验结果显示,瞬时过表达GhLecRK1基因棉花上棉蚜的数量均少于WT植株和pMD植株,且在取食48 h时过表达GhLecRK1基因棉花上棉蚜蜜露的分泌量显著减少。【结论】GhLecRK1基因响应棉花对棉蚜的防御反应,GhLecRK1基因过量表达后可增强棉花对棉蚜的抗性。

氟啶虫酰胺种子包衣对玉米蚜虫的田间防治效果

为促进氟啶虫酰胺药剂轻简化防治玉米蚜虫,2022年进行了田间小区试验,评价氟啶虫酰胺种子包衣对玉米生长的安全性及对蚜虫的防治效果。结果表明,氟啶虫酰胺[有效成分用量75.00~375.00 g·(100 kg)^(-1)]玉米种子包衣处理后,玉米出苗及生长均未表现药害症状,在试验剂量范围内安全性较好,且可以促进玉米幼苗生长,提高幼苗素质;对玉米蚜虫的末次防治效果为54.5%~85.8%,氟啶虫酰胺有效成分用量250.00~375.00 g·(100 kg)^(-1)种子包衣处理可以有效防治玉米蚜虫,对玉米蚜虫的防治效果大于80%。氟啶虫酰胺种子包衣处理防治玉米蚜虫,持效期较长,靶向性强,施药隐蔽,对环境及天敌安全,操作简便,节约成本,可以控制春玉米整个生育期内蚜虫为害,符合玉米轻简化生产需求,具有广阔的应用前景。氟啶虫酰胺种子包衣防治玉米蚜虫适宜用量为有效成分用量250.00~375.00 g·(100 kg)^(-1)。

柑桔衰退病毒相关研究进展

柑桔衰退病毒引起的柑桔衰退病是一种广泛分布于世界各柑桔主产区的重要柑桔病毒病害,对柑桔产业的危害极大。随着我国柑桔产业的快速发展,近年来柑桔衰退病在我国多个柑桔产区暴发,造成了严重的经济损失。为了给深入开展柑桔衰退病毒研究和有效防控柑桔衰退病提供参考,根据已有研究文献报道,就柑桔衰退病毒的起源、类型、传播方式、蛋白功能、病毒与寄主的互作关系、茎陷点症状形成、蚜传机理,以及防治方法进行了综述。

基于结构方程模型分析天敌因子对麦蚜种群动态的影响

在麦蚜生态系统中,天敌因子是蚜虫种群数量增长的重要抑制因子,不同天敌种群对麦蚜种群动态的影响不同且综合作用关系复杂.通过构建结构方程模型,刻画了多个天敌种群综合作用下麦蚜种群状态的变化规律;再通过验证性因子分析,检验和拟合所构建的模型,分析多个天敌种群对麦蚜种群的综合影响并给出优势天敌种群,为科学防治虫害提供了理论依据.

种衣剂减量下增施菌剂和肥料对小麦光合、产量、蚜虫及白粉病防控的影响

为探究拌种药剂减量下增施不同类型肥料对麦田蚜虫和白粉病防控及光合和产量的影响,以小麦蚜虫低感品种川麦104和高感品种内麦836为试验材料,采用大田试验,对种衣剂减量20%下,配合施用光合菌剂、微生物菌剂、硅肥或磷酸二氢钾后麦田土壤酶活性、小麦植株光合特性、病虫防治情况和产量性状的变化进行了比较分析。结果表明,拌种药剂减量20%条件下增施微生物菌剂较种衣剂常规用量处理能显著提高孕穗期川麦104的根际土壤的脲酶活性,以及内麦836的根际土壤过氧化氢酶和纤维素酶活性。在孕穗期和抽穗期,低感品种川麦104的麦蚜数量均显著低于内麦836;增施微生物菌剂和硅肥均能显著降低麦蚜和白粉病发生,对蚜虫防效和白粉病防效较常规药剂拌种用量处理分别提高8.0和10.2个百分点。拌种药剂减量20%配合施用光合菌剂、微生物菌剂、硅肥和磷酸二氢钾均能有效提高小麦旗叶氮素含量和SPAD值,改善叶片光合效率。增施硅肥下川麦104和内麦836的产量最高,较常规种衣剂用量处理分别增加16.0%和18.2%,差异均显著。以上结果说明,小麦种子种衣剂减量配合施用硅肥或微生物菌剂可有效提高麦田土壤酶活性,减少蚜虫和白粉病发生,改善小麦叶片光合特性,提高产量。

不同评价方法对忍冬属植物品种抗蚜性的评价

蚜虫Aphidoidea危害严重影响忍冬属Lonicera植物的产量和质量,培育忍冬属植物抗蚜性品种是解决忍冬属植物蚜虫最经济有效的手段。通过适宜忍冬属植物抗蚜性的评价方法,优选出忍冬属植物高抗蚜性品种和种质资源,用于忍冬属植物蚜虫的治理。采用感蚜指数法、改进后的感蚜指数法、创新的蜜露指数法及聚类分析法对27种忍冬属植物抗蚜性进行评价。忍冬属植物抗蚜性差异明显,百玉一号、羊角、台尔曼Lonicera×tellmanniana为高抗品种,占比为11.1%;北花一号、紫茎子、红银花、四季花为高感品种,占比为14.8%;小鸡爪花、线花子、野生金银花、九绿一号、封丘大毛花、巨鹿大毛花、长针子、华南忍冬Lonicera confusa、小毛花、九丰一号、山花子为抗性品种,红腺忍冬Lonicera hypoglauca、小针花、中金一号、秧花子、大毛花、细毡毛忍冬Lonicera similes、麻针花、金丰一号、灰毡毛忍冬Lonicera macranthoides为感性品种;在4种评价方法中,蜜露指数法的评价效果接近最终判定结果且直观层次分明。蜜露指数法简便易行,适宜于忍冬属植物品种抗蚜性评价。

蚜虫危害与玉米果穗镰孢菌组成及毒素污染关系分析

【目的】明确玉米蚜虫危害与玉米穗腐病发生及籽粒中真菌毒素污染水平的关系,为建立完善的玉米穗腐病综合防治体系及探寻主要镰孢菌毒素的有效控制技术提供参考。【方法】通过组织分离和分子生物学方法对2021年在吉林省46个市(县)采集的105份蚜虫危害的玉米果穗上的蚜虫、苞叶和籽粒进行病原菌的分离鉴定,统计蚜虫、苞叶和籽粒分离获得镰孢菌的种类和数量,分别计算不同镰孢菌在每种样品上的分离频率,以及不同样品组合分离相同镰孢菌数量在蚜虫危害样品中的占比,分析病原菌在吉林省不同区域的分布情况及蚜虫、苞叶和籽粒携带镰孢菌种类的相关性;利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)检测无蚜虫危害籽粒和蚜虫危害籽粒中镰孢菌毒素的种类和含量,统计伏马毒素(fumonisin,FB)、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol,DON)和玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone,ZEA)超标样品的检出率,分析蚜虫危害对病原菌在籽粒中分泌毒素的影响。【结果】对105个蚜虫危害果穗进行镰孢菌检测,发现蚜虫带菌率为57.14%,苞叶和籽粒带菌率分别为81.90%和82.86%。经过单孢分离纯化共获得1 394株镰孢菌,共16个致病镰孢种,其中在蚜虫、苞叶和籽粒上分离到镰孢种数量分别为8、13和12个。蚜虫、苞叶和籽粒上分离到的优势镰孢均为拟轮枝镰孢(Fusarium verticillioides)和层出镰孢(F.proliferatum)。新知镰孢(F.andiyazi)、变红镰孢(F.incarnatum)和温带镰孢(F.temperatum)在吉林省玉米籽粒上首次检出。蚜虫危害玉米果穗的毒素检出率均高于无蚜虫危害玉米果穗,出现毒素含量超标的玉米样品均为有蚜虫聚集危害的果穗。在检出毒素的果穗上绝大多数能检测到产生相应毒素的菌株。【结论】蚜虫、苞叶和籽粒上分离到的优势镰孢菌均为拟轮枝镰孢和层出镰孢;同一果穗上蚜虫、苞叶和籽粒分离到的主要镰孢菌种类一致;蚜虫危害显著增加了玉米籽粒毒素的积累,且毒素类型与检出镰孢菌种类高度相关。

Research on the Control Effects of Several Insecticides on Wheat Aphids

[Objective] The aim was to determine control effects of the 6 insecticides and recommended the optimal doses. [Method] In 2014, the control effects of sophocarpidine, pymetrozine, beta-cypermethrin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, and chlor- pyrifos on wheat aphids were tested, and every pesticide was designed with three doses in Shou County, Anhui Province, to explore the significance of differences on control effects. [Result] The results showed that the control effects of the 6 insecti- cides were satisfied, and the insecticides were safe on wheat. [Conclusion] During initial diseasing stage of aphid, it is recommended to use sophocarpidine soluble concentrate （1.5%）, pymetrozine water dispersible granule （50%）, imidacloprid wet- table powder （25%）, and acetamiprid wettable powder （5%）, and chlorpyrifos missi- ble oil （40%）, cypermethrin missible oil （4.5%） and imidacloprid wettable powder （25%） can be applied in peak-diseasing stage.

河北廊坊小麦穗期蚜虫优势度和生态位分析

为明确华北小麦穗期主要蚜虫种类及其生态位,为京津冀地区小麦蚜虫预测预报和科学防控提供技术支持,采用五点式和棋盘式取样法系统调查了河北廊坊小麦穗期不同蚜虫种类的种群动态及其在植株上的分布,利用生态位理论,计算荻草谷网蚜Sitobion miscanthi(Takahashi)、禾谷缢管蚜Rhopalosiphum padi(Linnaeus)和麦无网长管蚜Metopolophium dirhodum(Walker) 3种优势蚜虫的生态位宽度和重叠度。禾谷缢管蚜的时空生态位最宽,其次为荻草谷网蚜和麦无网长管蚜,其中禾谷缢管蚜的生态位宽度随时间推移呈上升趋势,其他两种蚜虫呈下降趋势。不同蚜虫种类之间存在生态位重叠,其中荻草谷网蚜与禾谷缢管蚜的重叠度最大,为2.073 0,荻草谷网蚜与麦无网长管蚜的重叠度最低,为1.656 4;随时间推移,荻草谷网蚜与禾谷缢管蚜之间的竞争趋于增强,禾谷缢管蚜与麦无网长管蚜之间的竞争趋于减弱,而荻草谷网蚜与麦无网长管蚜的竞争关系相对稳定。荻草谷网蚜是当地小麦蚜虫主要优势种群,禾谷缢管蚜时空生态位宽度最大,与荻草谷网蚜竞争激烈,麦无网长管蚜时空生态位相对稳定。

黄瓜体内营养物质对瓜蚜抗生性的影响

瓜蚜是黄瓜上重要害虫,严重影响黄瓜产量和品质,筛选和利用抗蚜品种是减轻黄瓜蚜虫为害的有效手段。以瓜蚜不同抗性的13个黄瓜品种为材料,研究黄瓜叶片可溶性蛋白质、氨基酸及可溶性糖3种营养物质含量与抗蚜性关系,以建立快速鉴定黄瓜品种抗蚜性的方法。结果表明:黄瓜叶片可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸含量与瓜蚜数量呈显著正相关,其回归方程分别为Y=0.0002X+0.0371(r=0.6195,P=0.0021)和Y=0.5620X+34.0324(r=0.7423,P=0.0251);叶片可溶性蛋白质含量与叶片瓜蚜种群数量无显著相关性。对可溶性糖(X_(1))和游离脯氨酸(X_(2))进行逐步回归分析,其回归方程为Y=-69.6650+1294.7471X_(1)+0.8678X_(2)(R^(2)=0.8036^(*))。黄瓜营养物质中可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸对瓜蚜的抗性具有重要作用,可作为鉴定黄瓜抗蚜性的指标。

罗伯茨绿僵菌与苦参碱复配防治瓜蚜

瓜蚜(棉蚜)是一种严重为害作物生产的广食性吸汁害虫,为发展瓜蚜的生物防治技术,拟研究虫生真菌与苦参碱混配的杀虫剂。采用喷雾法测定药剂对瓜蚜的室内生物活性,采用菌落生长与孢子萌发活力测定苦参碱对真菌的生物相容性,通过协同毒力指数(CF)评价真菌与苦参碱的联合毒力,进而采用盆栽试验验证混配制剂对瓜蚜的防治效果。结果表明,室内生测发现罗伯茨绿僵菌MrCb01与MrCb02菌株、金龟子绿僵菌MaGX19S02和环链虫草菌IcCb01菌株对瓜蚜的生物活性较高,以1×10^(8)孢子/mL浓度处理后72 h,瓜蚜的死亡率达80%以上;生物相容性测定结果表明,苦参碱对MrCb01的菌丝生长和孢子萌发无显著影响;联合毒力测定结果发现菌株MrCb01与苦参碱二者以质量分数20:1混配具有增效作用,其CF值为22.45;进而,配制了21%MrCb01分生孢子·苦参碱可湿性粉剂,其对盆栽黄瓜上瓜蚜的防治效果较好,稀释200倍时在处理后7 d对瓜蚜的防效为85.41%。罗伯茨绿僵菌MrCb01与苦参碱混配对防治瓜蚜具有应用潜力。

薄荷EβF合成酶基因的克隆及功能分析

EβF合成酶基因在植物体内合成[反]-β-法尼烯,用于抵御蚜虫侵害。为探明薄荷中该基因的表达模式和功能,从薄荷叶片中克隆得到1个新的EβF合成酶基因McβFS1,并对其进行生物信息学分析和表达模式分析。构建过表达载体,利用农杆菌介导的浸花法转化拟南芥,并进行蚜虫生物测定。结果表明,McβFS1基因CDS序列全长1 650 bp,编码549个氨基酸。编码蛋白分子质量为63.85 ku,等电点为5.23,无跨膜结构域。二级结构预测其α-螺旋、β-转角、延伸链结构和无规则卷曲所占比例分别为69.58%,3.10%,4.01%和23.32%。系统进化分析结果显示,该基因编码的氨基酸序列与胡椒薄荷的Q5W283.1序列相似度达91.47%,亲缘关系较近,但序列差异较大,是一个新的EβF合成酶基因。荧光定量PCR结果显示,McβFS1在根、茎、叶、花中均有表达,且在叶中的表达量显著高于根、茎中的表达。蚜虫的选择性分析表明,转基因拟南芥对蚜虫具有较强的趋避性。

Host-induced silencing of MpPar6 confers Myzus persicae resistance in transgenic rape plants

Plant-mediated RNA interference(RNAi)has emerged as a promising technology for insect control.The green peach aphid,Myzus persicae,feeds on over 400 species of host plants.Brassica napus(rape)is the second most important oilseed crop worldwide.Myzus persicae is highly reproductive and causes severe damage to the rape plants due to its quite flexible life cycle.In this study,we tested the RNAi effects of transgenic rape plants on M.persicae.By in vitro feeding M.persicae with artificial diets containing double-stranded RNAs(dsRNAs)targeting seven aphid genes,we identified a new gene encoding the partitioning-defective protein 6(Par6)as the most potent RNAi target.Tissue-and stage-expression analysis of Par6 suggested this gene is highly expressed in the embryo and adult stage of M.persicae.We next generated transgenic rape plants expressing ds Par6 by Agrobacteriummediated transformation and obtained nine independent transgenic lines.Compared to wild-type control plants,transgenic rape lines expressing ds Par6 showed strong resistance to M.persicae.Feeding assays revealed that feeding transgenic rape plants to M.persicae significantly decreased MpPar6 expression and survival rate and impaired fecundity.Furthermore,we showed that the resistance levels to M.persicae are positively correlated with ds Par6 expression levels in transgenic rape plants.Our study demonstrates that transgenic rape plants expressing ds Par6 are efficiently protected from M.persicae.Interfering with the genes involved in embryo development could be the effective RNAi targets for controlling aphids and potentially other insect pests.