Detection of Bisphenol A (BPA) in Plastic Bottles Using Vertical Cultivation at Various Temperatures

Polycarbonate plastics containing bisphenol A (BPA) used to manufacture drinking water bottles. Kurdistan region in northern Iraq is a developed area with increased pollution from plastic bottles. Trace amounts of BPA have been detected in bottled water samples. The absorption of BPA was measured with HPLC using a vertical cultivation system with Bulbs of the Allium Cepa plant planted in these plastic bottles with monitored growth. Vertical cultivation was found to have a low level of BPA in the plant cells, making it a safe cultivation method under specific climate conditions. The mean concentration of BPA in vertical cultivation is 0.19 ug/ml (3.8 ng for a 20 uL injection), and the Limit of Quantification (LOQ) is 0.63 ug/ml (12.7 ng for 20 uL injection). While Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) shows that the concentrations are relatively low in water samples stored at room temperature compared to those exposed to direct sunlight (40°C) and water bottle samples stored at (-4°C), The correlation coefficients were found to be good (0.9992). SEM is used for plastic bottle samples stored at different temperatures. The images identify compound decay and explore the morphology of BPA in manufactured plastic materials.

BPA可逆热敏变色复合材料制备方法及其应用研究进展

综述了BPA可逆热敏变色材料的制备及其应用,以及复配法、无机包覆法、微胶囊法、湿成膜法和近年来的2,6-单取代双酚A复合膜新方法,并分析了2,6-单取代法中膜结晶相变与二醛、酚醛树脂及胶种的关系。2,6-单取代双酚A线型或芳香酚醛树脂及其复合膜有机体系的设计与研究将进一步推动该类材料在具有可调的迟滞响应相变智能窗口,超低温变色敏感性、变色深度、稳定性,环境友好型合成树脂及塑料及实验教学等方面的应用。

Bisphenol A (BPA) Contamination in Whole Milk Marketed in Different Packages

Bisphenol A (BPA), an important endocrine disruptor, is used in the manufacturing of various materials, including food packaging. Ingestion of contaminated foodstuffs is, in fact, the most relevant form of exposure to this substance. However, scarce data on the presence of this contaminant in milk, or whether different types of food packaging influence food contamination are available in Brazil. This study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the BPA contamination of whole milk (fluid and powder) samples packaged in different types of packaging (Tetra Pak?;PET: Poly (ethylene terephthalate;Metallic can (epoxy resin);Polyethylene (PE) and poly (vinylidene chloride) (PVDC);Laminated Film - Metallized Polyester-Polyethylene and glass) and marketed metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. An analytical method for the BPA determination in milk was optimized for both fluid (pasteurized and ultra-high temperature) and powdered milk samples. A modified QuEChERS method was applied, and BPA determinations were conducted by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with sequential mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The validated method was then applied to 51 milk samples, where BPA was detected in five samples (9.8%) and quantified in two (3.8%).

Effects of Bisphenol A and Its Substitute, Bisphenol F, on the Gut Microbiota in Mice

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the impact of bisphenol A(BPA)and its substitute,bisphenol F(BPF),on the colonic fecal community structure and function of mice.Methods We exposed 6–8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice to 5 mg/(kg∙day)and 50μg/(kg∙day)of BPA or BPF for 14 days.Fecal samples from the colon were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing.Results Gut microbiome community richness and diversity,species composition,and function were significantly altered in mice exposed to BPA or BPF.This change was characterized by elevated levels of Ruminococcaceae UCG-010 and Oscillibacter and decreased levels of Prevotella 9 and Streptococcus.Additionally,pathways related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism showed substantial enrichment.Conclusion Mice exposed to different BP analogs exhibited distinct gut bacterial community richness,composition,and related metabolic pathways.Considering the essential role of gut bacteria in maintaining intestinal homeostasis,our study highlights the intestinal toxicity of BPs in vertebrates.

亲代斑马鱼暴露于BPA及其类似物对子代胚胎发育毒性的研究

目的探讨亲代斑马鱼持续暴露于双酚A(bisphenol A,BPA)及其类似物,对子代斑马鱼发育情况、行为学特征和生物钟基因表达水平的影响。方法将70条4月龄雌性斑马鱼随机分为7组(对照组、BPA、BPS和BPF浓度分别设定为0.1以及10.0μg/L暴露组),连续染毒28 d后,收集鱼卵,分析计算其子代幼鱼的死亡率、孵化率和畸形率的变化;利用体视显微镜拍摄并测量受精后72小时(hour post fertilization,hpf)幼鱼的眼睛尺寸、眼间距、体长、心率和相对血流量以及96 hpf活性氧水平;利用Zebrabox斑马鱼行为追踪分析仪记录斑马鱼幼鱼行为学活动;qPCR分析钟基因的表达水平。结果BPA、BPS和BPF暴露28 d后,与对照组相比,各染毒组的死亡率上升(P<0.05),孵化率、心率、相对血流量均降低(P<0.05),自发运动的振幅下降(P<0.05),活性氧含量及钟基因的表达水平都有所扰动。结论亲代斑马鱼暴露于BPA及其类似物可能通过钟基因的改变导致子代斑马鱼的发育异常。

Garcinia Kola and Kolaviron Attenuates Bisphenol A-Induced Memory Impairment and Hippocampal Neuroinflammation in Male Wistar Rats

Bisphenol A (BPA), a toxicant which can leach into food from plastic containers, is reported to induce neurotoxicity among others via oxidative mechanisms. However, antioxidant compounds have been suggested to mitigate BPA-induced toxicities. Garcinia kola (GK) and its bioactive compound, kolaviron, are well-established natural antioxidants, which can exert protective effects against BPA-induced toxicities. This study was designed to investigate the likely mitigating effect of GK and kolaviron on BPA-induced memory impairment and hippocampal neuroinflammation in male Wistar rats. Thirty-five rats were equally grouped and treated as follows: I and II received distilled water and corn oil, respectively at 0.2 mL, while III - VII received BPA (50 mg/kg), BPA + GK (200 mg/kg), BPA + kolaviron (200 mg/kg), GK and kolaviron, respectively for 28 days p.o. Thereafter, behavioral studies were done using the Novel Object Recognition and Y maze tests. Subsequently under anaesthesia, the hippocampus in each animal was dissected out, homogenized and analysed for malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, glutathione transferase, nitrites, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α, acetylcholinesterase, glutamate acid decarboxylase, and arginase activity. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey Post-hoc test at p p Garcinia kola and Kolaviron mitigate bisphenol A-induced memory impairment and neuroinflammation via antioxidant potentiation and neurotransmitter balance.

Fabrication of a novel electrochemical sensor based on MnFe_(2)O_(4)/graphene modified glassy carbon electrode for the sensitive detection of bisphenol A

Manganese ferrite(MnFe_(2)O_(4))has the advantages of simple preparation,high resistivity,and high crystal symmetry.Herein,we have developed an electrochemical sensor utilizing graphene and MnFe_(2)O_(4) nanocomposites modified glassy carbon electrode(GCE),which is very efficient and sensitive to detect bisphenol A(BPA).MnFe_(2)O_(4)/graphene(GR)was synthesized by immobilizing the MnFe_(2)O_(4) microspheres on the graphene nanosheets via a simple one-pot solvothermal method.The morphology and structure of the MnFe_(2)O_(4)/GR nanocomposite have been characterized through scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).In addition,electrochemical properties of the modified materials are comparably explored by means of cyclic voltammetry(CV),electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and differential pulse voltammetry(DPV).Under the optimal conditions,the proposed electrochemical sensor for the detection of BPA has a linear range of 0.8-400μmol/L and a detection limit of 0.0235μmol/L(S/N=3)with high sensitivity,good selectivity and high stability.In addition,the proposed sensor was used to measure the content of BPA in real water samples with a recovery rate of 97.94%-104.56%.At present,the synthesis of MnFe_(2)O_(4)/GR provides more opportunities for the electrochemical detection of BPA in practical applications.

BPA芳香酚醛树脂及其可逆热敏变色SSBR复合膜的制备

基于开放体系、溶液缩聚方法,以双酚A(BPA)、对苯二甲醛和间苯二甲醛为共聚单体,采用微波辅助制备数均分子量为1133、分散指数为1.005的BPA芳香酚醛树脂(IPD-BPA-TPD),以其作显色剂,溶聚丁苯橡胶(SSBR)为基体材料制备了可逆热敏变色SSBR复合膜。结果表明:当结晶紫内酯、IPD-BPA-TPD、二元醇(十六醇和十八醇)与SSBR质量比为1.00∶2.00∶30.00∶20.00时,所制复合膜在10~33℃的总色差为85左右,吸收/散射色深差在波长480~600,600~660 nm可见光区平均达15,40,且具有良好的热稳定性、循环稳定性。

KOH改性碳纳米管负载钴活化过硫酸盐降解BPA的机理研究

通过简单的水热法和KOH活化法制备了一种吸附性能和催化性能优良的材料Co-CNTs-KOH,并对其进行表征分析;考察了Co-CNTs-KOH投加量、BPA初始质量浓度、PMS投加量、pH和离子强度等因素对降解BPA效果的影响。结果表明,所制备的催化剂Co-CNTs-KOH为表面粗糙、疏松多孔的不规则形状,具有较高的结晶度和密集分布的介孔结构;在催化剂质量浓度为20 mg/L、BPA初始质量浓度为20 mg/L、PMS浓度为0.5 mmol/L、弱酸条件下,BPA的降解效果最佳,降解率高达93.5%;通过自由基猝灭反应得出结论,SO_(4)^(-)·和OH·自由基是该体系主要的活性氧化物质。

DSP与BPA同步发电机模型对比研究

DSP(dynamic simulation package)是南方电网科学研究院自主研发的电力系统计算分析软件,目前广泛应用于南方电网规划运行中。与国内常用软件BPA相互校核中,发现DSP与BPA的同步发电机模型的差异是导致两个软件暂态稳定计算结果不一致的重要原因。分析对比了DSP采用的基本形式同步发电机模型与BPA采用的标准形式同步发电机模型的差异,给出了两种发电机模型参数之间的转换关系,研究了DSP发电机饱和特性所采用的三段式饱和曲线和BPA采用的二次饱和曲线的差异并提出了拟合方法。在DSP中开发了标准形式同步发电机模型及二次饱和特性,并通过算例验证了该模型与BPA同步发电机模型的一致性。与BPA相比,DSP提供了基本形式和标准形式的两种同步发电机模型、三段式饱和及二次饱和两种饱和特性,可满足更加广泛的仿真模型需求。

苯/萘修饰β-环糊精凝胶的制备及其对BPA的吸附性能研究

利用1-萘甲酰氯、1-苯甲酰氯分别和β-环糊精反应制备萘、苯修饰的β-环糊精衍生物,再通过与十氟联苯进行缩合反应生成萘、苯修饰的β-环糊精凝胶(DFB-N-CD、DFB-B-CD),研究了两种环糊精凝胶对有机污染物双酚A(BPA)的吸附性能。结果表明,萘、苯基团能够和水中的BPA通过π-π相互作用进行结合,从而提升了改性环糊精凝胶对于BPA的吸附量和选择特异性。其中,DFB-B-CD对BPA的吸附效果最好,吸附量能够达到613.29 mg·g^(-1),并且其在5次循环利用后对BPA仍能保持较高的去除率(可达81.39%)。这种通过π-π相互作用增强对BPA污染物吸附容量的方法,为推动β-环糊精凝胶在水处理方面的应用提供了新的思路。

BPA对活性污泥的毒性作用及生物修复

文章通过检测出水水质、污泥特性、微生物群落变化,分析双酚A(BPA)对SBR反应器中活性污泥微生物及功能的毒性作用,并通过红球菌R-001对活性污泥进行生物修复。结果表明,BPA减少了活性污泥的生物量,对EPS的分泌与积累产生负面影响,致使污泥沉降性能变差,COD、NH_(4)^(+)-N和TP的去除效率下降,并且这种损害性影响是持久性的。BPA还会抑制活性污泥脱氢酶活性,降低微生物的活菌比例,降低了Ferruginibacter、Polaromonas、Dechloromonas、Thauera和Nitrospira等参与有机物降解与代谢、EPS分泌和脱氮除磷的菌属丰度。红球菌R-001在短时间内可以增强BPA的去除效率(提升15%);恢复8.8%氨氮和22.7%的磷去除功能。

基于BPA法计算特高压直流输电线路合成电场

为研究特高压直流输电线路地面附近的离子流场问题,应用BPA法求解双极直流输电线路离子流场,结合逐次镜像法计算的标称电场,进而求得合成电场,并利用该方法计算了±800 kV直流输电线路的离子流场与合成电场问题,分析了导线对地高度、极间距、子导线半径对特高压直流输电线路合成电场的影响。此外,还对比了求解合成电场强度的电场线法。结果表明,BPA法求解离子流场准确有效,且计算效率大大提高;提高导线架设高度和增加分裂子导线半径均可改善地面附近电磁环境,而减小导线极间距能够降低地面附近的合成电场强度,但效果不明显。

Impact of Bisphenol A (BPA) and Free Fatty Acids (FFA) on Th2 Cytokine Secretion from INS-1 Cells

Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in huge amounts for many plastic products and is a hormone (estrogen) disrupting agent. BPA as well as FFAs may be deleterious for the immune system. The aim was to identify Th2 cytokines and some of their signal transduction mechanisms in INS-1 cells, an insulin secreting cell line. Screening using a proteome profile indicated an increase of IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13 and IL-17 by BPA. Also FFAs (in combination with LPS) were positive. In detailed quantitative measurements, these results were confirmedly indicating a complex array of pro-and anti-inflammatory potential. The interaction of BPA with 17β-estradiol was non-additive with respect to IL-4 and IL-6 release and additive with respect to FFA interaction indicating same and different mechanisms of action, respecttively. As signal transduction PI3K (Wortmannin-sensitive) and STAT-3/6 (Tofacitinib-sensitive) are involved in various effects, INS-1 cells release several cytokines due to BPA and FFA attack which may be involved in disturbance of glucose homoeostasis and type 1 diabetes.

New environmental factors related to diabetes risk in humans:Emerging bisphenols used in synthesis of plastics

BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus(DM)is one of the largest global health emergencies of the 21st century.In recent years,its connection with environmental pollutants,such as bisphenol A(BPA),has been demonstrated;consequently,new structurally similar molecules are used to replace BPA in the plastics industry(BPS,BPF and BPAF).AIM To carry out a systematic review to allow coherent evaluation of the state of the art.Subsequently,a meta-analysis was performed to unify the existing quantitative data.METHODS Firstly,a systematic review was carried out,using the terms“(bisphenol)AND(Diabetes OR Hyperglycemia)”,to maximize the number of results.Subsequently,three authors analyzed the set of articles.Finally,a meta-analysis was performed for each BP,using RevMan software.In addition,funnel plots were developed to study publication bias.RESULTS The systematic analysis of the literature revealed 13 recent articles(2017–2023)related to the study paradigm.The qualitative analysis showed interesting data linking diabetes to the three most widely used substitute BPs in the industry:BPS,BPF and BPAF.Finally,the meta-analysis determined a positive relationship with BPS,BPF and BPAF,which was only statistically significant with BPS.CONCLUSION There is a need to apply the precautionary principle,regulating the use of new BPs.Therefore,replacing BPA with BPS,BPF or BPAF is unlikely to protect the population from potential health risks,such as DM.

Bisphenol A in Fluid and Powdered Milk Samples and Associated Child Dietary Exposures

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic chemical found in a wide range of consumer products and consumables that humans are exposed to. The aim of this study was to determine BPA contamination levels in 51 milk samples sold in the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region, Brazil. Bisphenol A was detected (≥limit of detection, LOD) in five of the analyzed samples (9.8%) and quantified (≥limit of quantification, LOQ) in two (3.8%). The estimated daily intake (EDI) for children aged up to 12 months ranged from 24.95 to 97.72 ng/kg body weight/day, lower than the established European Union tolerable daily intake value. Recent evidence, however, suggests that even low doses of endocrine disruptors such as BPA may pose potential health risks, even more so when exposure occurs at such an early life stage.

Chemically activated carbon nanofibers for adsorptive removal of bisphenol-A:Batch adsorption and breakthrough curve study

Activated carbon nanofibers(ACNFs)with small diameter can significantly increase the accessibility of intra pores and accelerate adsorption of molecules from water.In this study,ACNFs were made by blending K_(2)CO_(3)or ZnCl_(2)as the activating agent into the polyacrylonitrile(PAN)in dimethylformamide solution for electrospinning prior to pyrolysis.Bisphenol-A(BPA),an endocrine disruption pollutant,is widely applied in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins.Accordingly,BPA is often used as a model contaminant commonly removed via adsorption.Batch adsorption studies were used to evaluate the kinetics and adsorption capacity of the ACNFs.Redlich-Peterson(R-P)and Langmuir models were found to fit the isotherm of BPA adsorption better than Freundlich model,showing the homogeneous nature of the PAN originated ACNFs.The adsorption kinetics was better described by the pseudo second-order model than that by the pseudo first-order model.The fitting by intraparticle diffusion model indicates the adsorption of BPA onto ACNFs is mainly controlled by pore diffusion.High pH value and ionic strength reduced BPA adsorption from aqueous solution.The breakthrough curves studied in two different fixed bed systems(cross flow bed system and packed flow bed system)confirmed the scalability of BPA removal by ACNFs in dynamic adsorption processes.The modified dose-response model predicted well the fixed-bed outlet concentration profiles.

L-^(10)BPA中间体合成工艺优化及连续流可行性工艺研究

利用硼-10酸作为原料与正丁醇反应后,再与格氏试剂异丙基氯化镁制备(S)-Boc-4-二羟基硼10基-苯丙氨酸。通过设计正交实验优化了该反应的釜式反应条件和后处理方式,釜式克级反应分离收率可达63%。在最优的釜式反应条件基础上进行连续流反应,制备含10B的L-10BPA中间体,反应时间由釜式反应的17h缩短至2h,分离收率达到了57%,验证了含10B的L-10BPA中间体连续流反应的可行性,且连续流工艺具有反应速度快、安全性好等优点,适合工业放大生产。

D-S证据理论在空中目标识别中的应用现状与展望

D-S证据理论作为一种多源信息融合工具,在空中目标识别领域中得到了广泛应用。对D-S证据理论进行了概述;简要梳理了D-S证据理论在空中目标识别领域中的发展脉络,并提出应用中需要解决的三类关键问题;围绕上述问题,重点对该领域中的BPA获取、证据冲突度量、证据融合的应用现状进行综述;最后,基于空域控制视角,对D-S证据理论在该领域中的应用进行了展望。研究可为空中目标识别领域的理论发展和工程应用提供参考。