Rhizoctonia solani Kühn and Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.are the primary soil-borne plant diseases responsible for sig-nificant reductions in global crop yields.The primary goal of this study was to investigate the ant...Rhizoctonia solani Kühn and Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.are the primary soil-borne plant diseases responsible for sig-nificant reductions in global crop yields.The primary goal of this study was to investigate the antifungal potentials of clove essential oil(CEO),nanoemulsion form(CEONE)and chitosan/nanoemulsion nanocomposite(CS/CEONE)against R.solani and S.rolfsii through in vitro and in vivo trials.Both CEONE and CS/CEONE were prepared and investigated for their physical chemical and morphological characterization.The poisoned medium method was utilized to evaluate the inhibitory effects of CEO,CEONE and CS/CEONE on the mycelial growth and enzymatic activity of R.solani and S.rolfsii.The changes of hyphae of R.solani and S.rolfsii in response to treating with CEONE and CS/CEONE were observed with scanning electron microscope(SEM).The results revealed that CEONE have larger size 86±3 nm and a broader range of PDI 0.121±0.011 on the average.While,CS/CEONE has smaller size of 49±4 nm and narrower PDI of 0.099±0.009.Both nanoemulsions had uniform spherical nanodroplets form and exhibited acidic nature.Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR)and UV-Visible Spectroscopy(UV-Vis)verified the successful incorporation of both CS and CEO within the nanoe-mulsion system.The results demonstrated a sustained and prolonged release profile from CS/CEONE for up to 4 days.The inhibitory effect of CEONE and CS/CEONE showed dose-dependent activity against mycelial growth of both fungi.CEONE and CS/CEONE at concentration 500µL/L exhibited the strongest inhibition with a sig-nificant(p<0.05)variation among them with value ranging from 56.11%to 71.94%and 52.2%to 79.2%,respec-tively.Comparing to control,CS/CEONE revealed the highest inhibitory effect against S.rolfsii after 96 h followed by CEONE with value reached 50.6%and 44.1%,respectively.The antifungal activity of the nanoemulsion showed strain–dependent behavior,where S.rolfsii was the most affected.SEM images showed changes in the hyphal structure of S.rolfsii and R.solani resulting from the impact of CEONE and CS/CEONE.Activity of pectinase and cellulase secreted by both fungi was also negatively affected by CEO,CEONE and CS/CEONE at all tested concentrations.Greenhouse trials revealed that increasing the concentrations of CEO,CEONE,and CS/CEONE from 50 to 500μL/L gradually increased their effectiveness in reducing the DI%and DS%of black scurf,stem canker,pre-damping off,and post-damping off diseases on potato.The results suggest that incorporation of CS to CEONE enhanced its activity and can be utilized as a secure and non-toxic nanocomposite.展开更多
马铃薯黑痣病是一种土传病害,危害呈逐年加重趋势。本试验在田间条件下测定了新型药剂健达(有效成分21.2%氟唑菌酰胺+21.2%吡唑嘧菌酯)对于马铃薯黑痣病的防治效果。结果表明:健达对马铃薯黑痣病具有较好的防治作用,适宜用量为30 m L/66...马铃薯黑痣病是一种土传病害,危害呈逐年加重趋势。本试验在田间条件下测定了新型药剂健达(有效成分21.2%氟唑菌酰胺+21.2%吡唑嘧菌酯)对于马铃薯黑痣病的防治效果。结果表明:健达对马铃薯黑痣病具有较好的防治作用,适宜用量为30 m L/667m2,防效82.62%,较空白对照增产75.47%。展开更多
2015~2016年通过田间药效试验,明确几种药剂对马铃薯晚疫病、早疫病和黑痣病的防治效果及其使用技术,为其推广应用于马铃薯主要病害的防治提供依据。结果表明:在晚疫病发生初期叶面喷施25%嘧菌酯SC 75 g a.i./hm^2、60%霜脲氰·嘧菌...2015~2016年通过田间药效试验,明确几种药剂对马铃薯晚疫病、早疫病和黑痣病的防治效果及其使用技术,为其推广应用于马铃薯主要病害的防治提供依据。结果表明:在晚疫病发生初期叶面喷施25%嘧菌酯SC 75 g a.i./hm^2、60%霜脲氰·嘧菌酯WG 405~540 g a.i./hm^2或30%氟啶胺·氰霜唑SC 76.5 g a.i./hm^2,每隔7 d喷施1次,连喷3次,对晚疫病防效可达83%以上;在早疫病发生初期叶面喷施20%嘧菌酯WG135~180 g a.i./hm^2,每隔7 d喷施1次,连喷3次,对早疫病防效高于84%;播种时沟施250 g/L嘧菌酯SC 225 g a.i./hm^2或325 g/L苯醚甲环唑·嘧菌酯SC 438.8~536.3 g a.i./hm^2,或者播种前用90 g/L氟唑环菌胺·咯菌腈FS按照63 g a.i./t的剂量拌种,对植株黑痣病的防效均高于60%;播种前用90 g/L氟唑环菌胺·咯菌腈FS按照45~63 g a.i./t的剂量拌种,对薯块黑痣病的防效高于60%。在生产中,可以使用以上筛选到的高效药剂防治马铃薯晚疫病、早疫病和黑痣病。展开更多
基金This research was kindly funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research,Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research,King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia,grant number(KFU241802).
文摘Rhizoctonia solani Kühn and Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.are the primary soil-borne plant diseases responsible for sig-nificant reductions in global crop yields.The primary goal of this study was to investigate the antifungal potentials of clove essential oil(CEO),nanoemulsion form(CEONE)and chitosan/nanoemulsion nanocomposite(CS/CEONE)against R.solani and S.rolfsii through in vitro and in vivo trials.Both CEONE and CS/CEONE were prepared and investigated for their physical chemical and morphological characterization.The poisoned medium method was utilized to evaluate the inhibitory effects of CEO,CEONE and CS/CEONE on the mycelial growth and enzymatic activity of R.solani and S.rolfsii.The changes of hyphae of R.solani and S.rolfsii in response to treating with CEONE and CS/CEONE were observed with scanning electron microscope(SEM).The results revealed that CEONE have larger size 86±3 nm and a broader range of PDI 0.121±0.011 on the average.While,CS/CEONE has smaller size of 49±4 nm and narrower PDI of 0.099±0.009.Both nanoemulsions had uniform spherical nanodroplets form and exhibited acidic nature.Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR)and UV-Visible Spectroscopy(UV-Vis)verified the successful incorporation of both CS and CEO within the nanoe-mulsion system.The results demonstrated a sustained and prolonged release profile from CS/CEONE for up to 4 days.The inhibitory effect of CEONE and CS/CEONE showed dose-dependent activity against mycelial growth of both fungi.CEONE and CS/CEONE at concentration 500µL/L exhibited the strongest inhibition with a sig-nificant(p<0.05)variation among them with value ranging from 56.11%to 71.94%and 52.2%to 79.2%,respec-tively.Comparing to control,CS/CEONE revealed the highest inhibitory effect against S.rolfsii after 96 h followed by CEONE with value reached 50.6%and 44.1%,respectively.The antifungal activity of the nanoemulsion showed strain–dependent behavior,where S.rolfsii was the most affected.SEM images showed changes in the hyphal structure of S.rolfsii and R.solani resulting from the impact of CEONE and CS/CEONE.Activity of pectinase and cellulase secreted by both fungi was also negatively affected by CEO,CEONE and CS/CEONE at all tested concentrations.Greenhouse trials revealed that increasing the concentrations of CEO,CEONE,and CS/CEONE from 50 to 500μL/L gradually increased their effectiveness in reducing the DI%and DS%of black scurf,stem canker,pre-damping off,and post-damping off diseases on potato.The results suggest that incorporation of CS to CEONE enhanced its activity and can be utilized as a secure and non-toxic nanocomposite.
文摘2015~2016年通过田间药效试验,明确几种药剂对马铃薯晚疫病、早疫病和黑痣病的防治效果及其使用技术,为其推广应用于马铃薯主要病害的防治提供依据。结果表明:在晚疫病发生初期叶面喷施25%嘧菌酯SC 75 g a.i./hm^2、60%霜脲氰·嘧菌酯WG 405~540 g a.i./hm^2或30%氟啶胺·氰霜唑SC 76.5 g a.i./hm^2,每隔7 d喷施1次,连喷3次,对晚疫病防效可达83%以上;在早疫病发生初期叶面喷施20%嘧菌酯WG135~180 g a.i./hm^2,每隔7 d喷施1次,连喷3次,对早疫病防效高于84%;播种时沟施250 g/L嘧菌酯SC 225 g a.i./hm^2或325 g/L苯醚甲环唑·嘧菌酯SC 438.8~536.3 g a.i./hm^2,或者播种前用90 g/L氟唑环菌胺·咯菌腈FS按照63 g a.i./t的剂量拌种,对植株黑痣病的防效均高于60%;播种前用90 g/L氟唑环菌胺·咯菌腈FS按照45~63 g a.i./t的剂量拌种,对薯块黑痣病的防效高于60%。在生产中,可以使用以上筛选到的高效药剂防治马铃薯晚疫病、早疫病和黑痣病。