制浆造纸翻译工作坊平台START翻译实训模式研究与实践

制浆造纸专业英语翻译在当今全球化的经济环境中扮演着非常重要的角色,不仅是技术交流的工具,还是推动文化交流、学术研究以及国际贸易的重要力量。针对如今制浆造纸专业英语翻译教学存在的种种问题,提出基于翻译工作坊平台的START翻译实训模式。对此,对比分析了制浆造纸传统英语翻译教学与翻译工作坊教学的区别,探究了START翻译实训模式的构成与在制浆造纸专业英语翻译教学中的应用意义,并研究了基于翻译工作坊的制浆造纸专业英语START翻译实训模式的构建与实施策略,以期发挥START翻译实训的教学价值,提升制浆造纸专业英语翻译教学水平。

《老年人潜在不适当处方筛查工具/处方遗漏筛查工具(STOPP/START)标准》第3版解读

老年人潜在不适当处方筛查工具(STOPP)/处方遗漏筛查工具(START)由2008年爱尔兰Cork大学附属医院专家组首次发表并于2015年进行第2次更新。自发表以来,该标准在发现老年人潜在不适当用药、加强对老年人滥用药物的监管、减少老年人药品不良事件等方面发挥了积极作用。2023年第3版STOPP/START标准发布,在第2版基础上增加、修订和删减了一些标准,最终形成190条潜在不适当用药标准。新标准根据最新的老年人合理用药研究结果和临床证据,提供了更新、更实用的循证医学依据。本文对STOPP/START标准(第3版)进行了详细的解读,为我国潜在不适当用药标准更新和完善提供参考,并对未来该领域的研究方向提出思考和建议。

Simulation of Start-Up Process of Turbofan Engine Based on Full-State Characteristics of Fan

Difficulties in obtaining component characteristics in the sub-idle state of rotor constrain the simulation capabilities of ground and windmill start-up processes for turbofan engines.This paper proposes a backbone feature method based on conventional characteristics parameters to derive the full-state characteristics of fan.The application of the fan’s full-state characteristics in component-level model of turbofan engine enables zero-speed iterative simulation for ground start-up process and windmill simulation for windmill start-up process,thereby improving the simulation capability of sub-idle state during turbofan engine start-up.

Clustering Analysis of Black-start Decision-making with a Large Group of Decision-makers

The optimization of black-start decision-making plays an important role in the rapid restoration of a power system after a major failure/outage.With the introduction of the concept of smart grids and the development of real-time communication networks,the black-start decision-makers are no longer limited to only one or a few power system experts such as dispatchers,but rather a large group of professional people in practice.The overall behaviors of a large decision-making group of decision-makers/experts are more complicated and unpredictable.However,the existing methods for black-start decision-making cannot handle the situations with a large group of decision-makers.Given this background,a clustering algorithm is presented to optimize the black-start decision-making problem with a large group of decision-makers.Group decision-making preferences are obtained by clustering analysis,and the final black-start decision-making results are achieved by combining the weights of black-start indexes and the preferences of the decision-making group.The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by a practical case.This work extends the black-start decision-making problem to situations with a large group of decision-makers.

A New Algorithm for Black-start Zone Partitioning Based on Fuzzy Clustering Analysis

On the process of power system black start after an accident, it can help to optimize the resources allocation and accelerate the recovery process that decomposing the power system into several independent partitions for parallel recovery. On the basis of adequate consideration of fuzziness of black-start zone partitioning, a new algorithm based on fuzzy clustering analysis is presented. Characteristic indexes are extracted fully and accurately. The raw data matrix is made up of the electrical distance between every nodes and blackstart resources. Closure transfer method is utilized to get the dynamic clustering. The availability and feasibility of the proposed algorithm are verified on the New-England 39 bus system at last.

元宇宙视域下职业教育数字化发展的逻辑理路与实施方略——基于START图谱的分析

近年来,国家不断出台支持职业教育数字化发展的政策,发挥了积极推动作用。随着元宇宙概念的迅速兴起,引发了人们对元宇宙的深度向往和探索热情。在元宇宙START图谱中,元宇宙具有社会与空间属性,科技赋能的超越延伸,人、机与人工智能共创,真实感与现实映射性,交易与流通五大特性。职业教育数字化发展是其转型升级的必然要求,对促进人的全面发展和推动职业教育资源有限性与无限性融合具有重要意义,在深化理论研究和推动职业教育实践上具有重要价值。元宇宙START图谱下职业教育数字化发展的逻辑理路是虚拟世界与现实世界基于数据共同体实现互动与协同,实现虚拟和现实世界的信度核验和资源平衡,职业教育人才培养实现算法治理。元宇宙START图谱下职业教育数字化发展应采取如下实施方略:构建全景式、空间型职业教育教学模式;创设多模态数字孪生ID;加大力度培养具备数字理念和技术的人才;构建全数字化职业教育管理模式;畅通数字资源与实物资源互动渠道,推动职业教育数字化转型升级。

基于虚拟同步发电机的构网型光储变流器控制策略研究

为了抑制光伏发电的随机性和波动性的影响,提高微电网的供电可靠性,对离网工况下的微电网黑启动方案进行分析,并将其与虚拟同步发电机(Virtual Synchronous Generator,VSG)控制策略一起应用于储能变流器中,建立了储能变流器的VSG数学模型,推导了小信号模型表达式,通过在光储微电网系统引入惯性和阻尼,提高了系统电压和频率的稳定性。最后,在Matlab/Simulink仿真平台上搭建模型,验证了零起升压策略的有效性,确保了黑启动过程中线路电压的稳定;并在并网工况下分析了光储微电网系统各个微源之间的协调控制,验证了构网型光储变流器控制策略的有效性。

Biological Profile of People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Starting Treatment in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: The biochemical assessment is a real-time indicator of the state and evolution of an infection. Among other things, it makes it possible to determine the right moment when it becomes necessary to start or change a treatment. Objective: The objective of this study is to present the Biological profile of People Living with HIV starting AntiRetroViral treatment in Kinshasa in the era of Dolutegravir. Methods: The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional to determine the biological profile of People Living with HIV (PLHIV) starting AntiRetroViral Treatment (ART). The patient inclusion period was from October 4, 2021 to February 15, 2022. Sixteen centers were included. A sample of 5 ml of blood was taken in a tube with EDTA. Patients were randomly included consecutively in the centers during consultations. The population was made up of adults aged over 18, infected with HIV and starting ART. The parameters of interest retained for the present study were: sex, age, hemoglobin level, blood sugar, urea, creatinine, transaminases, total cholesterol, triglycerides, proteins total, as well as amylase. Results: 119 patients were included in this study in accordance with the inclusion criteria;67 (56.3%) are female, giving a sex ratio of 1.29 in favor of women. The average age of the patients is 39.87 ± 12.36 years. The most represented age group is that of 36 to 45 years with 37 patients (31.9%). The mean values of the biological parameters of the patients at the start of ART are as follows: 31.61 ± 20.71 IU/L for ALT/SGPT, 25.81 ± 19.96 IU/L for AST/SGOT, 79.35 ± 49.49 IU/L for Amylase, 108.13 ± 62.17 mg/dl for Total Cholesterol, 2.77 ± 1.27 mg/dl for Creatinine, 72.53 ±22.23 mg/dl for Glycaemia, 10.30 ± 2.33 g/dl for Hemoglobin, 7.91 ± 1.75 g/dl for Total Protein, 131.23 ± 68.80 mg/dl for Triglycerides, and 33.61 ± 26.27 mg/dl for Urea. Conclusion: Mean values of PLHIV are, for the most part, within the normal range. The average creatinine is higher than the normal average value while the average total cholesterol is below the limit values.

Virological and Molecular Profile of People Living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Starting Dolutegravir Based Antiretroviral Treatment in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

Context: Despite the new recommendations “Test and Treat”, the virological and molecular parameters remain important information for Antiretroviral Treatment and adequate for monitoring of patients infected with HIV/AIDS. Objective: the Objective of this study is to present the virological and molecular profile of People Living with HIV starting Antiretroviral Therapy in Kinshasa in the era of the Dolutegravir. Methods: This was a transversal study to determine virological and molecular profile of People Living with HIV (PLHIV) starting an ARV Treatment. The patient’s inclusion period was from October 04, 2021 to February 15, 2022. A sample of 5 ml of blood was taken in a tube with EDTA anticoagulant for Molecular Biology analyzes (Viral Load and Sequencing) in all HIV patients, after reading and signing informed consent. The population was made up of adult patients over the age of 18, infected with HIV and starting ART. Results: 119 patients (56.3% of women) were included in this study, thus a sex-ratio of 1.29. The average age of patients included was 39.87 ± 12.36 years. The most represented age group is that of 36 to 45 with 37 patients (31.9%) followed by that from 26 to 35 years with 24 patients (20.7%). Out of 119 patients, 21 patients had an undetectable Viral Load (VL). The median value of VL was 4.16 log10 RNA copies/ml. 114 samples were successfully amplified. Subtype A was dominant with 23 cases (20.2%);followed by the subtype C and CRF02_AG each with 14.0%, and D (10.5 %). K65R (1.8%), T69P/N (4.4%), K70R (7.9%) and M184V (7.0%) mutations were listed as existing mutations for Nucleotide Transcriptase Inhibitors. Conclusion: 38 patients (31.93%) started the TARV with a positive virological prognosis. The subtype A remains dominant in Kinshasa with 23 cases (20.2%);followed by the subtype C and CRF02_AG each with 14.0%. For Inhibitors of Transcriptase Reverse Nucleotide;K65R, T69P/N, K70E/R and M184V mutations were found in patients’ naive of ARV Treatment.

Review of Black Start on New Power System Based on Energy Storage Technology

With the continuous development of new energy generation technology and the increasingly complex power grid environment,the traditional black start scheme cannot meet the requirements of today’s power grid in order to ensure the stable operation of the power system can be restored quickly in the face of large power outages,so a more complete black start scheme needs to be developed to cope with the new power system.With the development of energy storage technology,the limitations of the traditional black-start scheme can be solved by new energy farms with energy storage configuration.Therefore,this paper investigates the problems faced by black-start,the key technologies of energy storage assisted new energy black-start,and introduces the research related to new energy black-start technology to provide reference for future research and application of new energy black-start.

具备黑启动和构网能力的远海风电经DRU-MMC送出方案

由于具有成本低、体积重量小和可靠性高等特点,送端采用二极管整流器(DRU)、受端采用模块化多电平换流器(MMC)的送出方案在远海风电送出领域备受关注。鉴于DRU不能构建交流电网且无法倒送有功功率,文中提出一种具备黑启动和构网能力的远海风电经DRU-MMC送出方案。所提方案在DRU-MMC送出技术的基础上增加了常规小容量电压源型辅助换流器、耗能单元和必要的快速开关,通过直流海缆复用和快速开关倒闸重构拓扑,分别构建黑启动电源低压回路和风电传输高压回路,实现黑启动和功率传输2种工况在线切换;提出辅助换流器在不同运行阶段的构网控制策略,解决海上交流电网构建、DRU无功补偿和谐波抑制等问题,消除DRU-MMC送出方案对风电场类型的限制。最后,通过经济性分析和算例仿真,验证了所提方案的优越性和有效性。

基于多储能动态调控的光储黑启动控制策略

首先,建立多储能光伏联合系统,根据储能实时状态将储能系统进行分级,设计3种不同优先等级的储能分别承担不同任务;然后,将不同优先等级的储能设定相应的控制方案,提出基于多储能动态调控的光储黑启动控制策略,实时监控储能的运行状态,以防止多储能系统因越限等原因造成黑启动任务失败;最后,通过Matlab对3种不同工况进行仿真模拟,验证多储能动态调控的黑启动控制策略的有效性。

应用STOPP/START准则评估家庭病床老年患者用药

目的 通过分析家庭病床老年患者的用药情况,发现其潜在不适当用药(PIM)和处方遗漏(PPO),为推进老年患者合理用药提供参考。方法 应用STOPP/START准则(2014),对45例老年患者的用药数据进行回顾性分析,分析其PIM和PPO情况。结果 应用STOPP准则(2014),涉及21项PIM;应用START准则(2014)发现59项PPO。结论 老年患者出现PIM和PPO比例较高。应用STOPP/START准则(2014)评估家庭病床老年患者用药,对推进合理用药具有重要意义。

基于光储联合系统的电网分段恢复策略

当前新能源大量引入至电力系统,为了使其代替传统的水电、燃气机组作为黑启动电源,文中研究了基于光储联合系统的电网分段恢复策略。首先,根据光储系统的结构和控制方式,提出由储能系统建立稳定的并网母线线电压,光伏系统分步并网的启动方式;其次,为了增强光伏发电系统的惯性阻尼支撑,提出在光伏系统逆变器侧加入虚拟同步控制;最后,在待启动机组和系统负荷并网过程中,利用储能系统配置附加阻尼控制器抑制电网黑启动产生的次同步振荡,保证电网稳定恢复。在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建光储联合系统黑启动的电磁暂态仿真模型并进行分析,结果表明系统恢复过程中母线线电压偏差不超过0.65%、系统频率偏差不超过1%,满足黑启动要求,验证了文中所提启动策略的可行性。

基于基频调制电流源换流器的海上风电送出系统的启动控制策略

基频调制电流源换流器(FFM-CSC)可以显著提高海上风电送出系统的功率密度和经济性,现有黑启动方法需要在交流侧投切黑启动电阻,但该方式会增大海上平台的建设成本。为此,提出一种利用FFM-CSC交流侧LC滤波器的启动方法,可以提高系统黑启动方案的经济性。分析了海上风电送出系统的结构和稳态控制策略。为了分析黑启动原理,建立了送端CSC交流侧空载时的数学模型,并提出了其交流侧等效的基波和谐波通路。在此基础上,提出了海上风电送出系统的黑启动控制策略。在PSCAD/EMTDC进行仿真验证,结果表明:所提黑启动策略可以在交流侧空载时建立起风电场电网电压,平稳完成海上风电场黑启动。

临界温度下循环喷油量对柴油机冷起动和排放特性的影响

为探明循环喷油量对小型农用柴油机冷起动特性和排放性能的影响规律,同时寻求其临界温度下的最佳循环喷油量,该研究以一款直列双缸高压共轨柴油发动机为研究对象,利用环境模拟舱整机试验平台,通过多次预试验测得海拔2000 m下,该机不开启预热装置能够成功起动的临界温度为-5℃。在此工况下,采用3次喷射方式,通过改变主喷油量研究循环喷油量对该机冷起动特性和排放性能的影响。结果表明:较大或较小的循环喷油量均会导致柴油机冷起动时间增加,甚至起动失败;随着循环喷油量增大,冷起动时间先减小后增加,循环喷油量为20 mg时冷起动时间最短,且HC、CO排放峰值均最低,分别为12984和3008 mg/L;增大或减少循环喷油量均会导致HC和CO排放峰值增加。循环喷油量较大时,CO排放峰值显著增加,并且峰值出现时刻提前。改变循环喷油量对NOx排放峰值有较大影响,循环喷油量为30 mg时NOx排放峰值最小,为368 mg/L。综合考虑,海拔高度2000 m,环境温度-5℃工况下该柴油机起动的最佳循环喷油量为20 mg。研究结果可为柴油机冷起动特性和排放优化提供支撑。

膨胀循环氢氧发动机低箱压起动特性研究

为满足长时间在轨低温上面级对发动机低入口压力起动的需求,对膨胀循环氢氧发动机低箱压起动特性进行了仿真和试验研究,建立了较为准确的起动特性仿真模型,完成了地面环境和高空模拟环境氢入口低箱压起动试验。结果表明,氢入口压力越低,发动机起动加速性越慢,两者呈类似双曲线关系;降低喷管出口背压有利于发动机起动,氢入口压力越低,背压对起动加速性的影响越大。

基于元学习个性化推荐研究综述

推荐系统作为缓解“信息过载”的工具,为用户过滤冗余信息并提供个性化服务,近年来得到了广泛应用。然而,实际推荐场景中,通常存在冷启动与不同推荐算法难以根据实际环境自适应选择等问题。元学习因其具有基于少量训练样本快速学会新知识和技能的优点,被越来越多地应用于推荐系统相关研究中。对现有基于元学习技术缓解推荐系统冷启动问题以及自适应推荐问题的主要研究进行探讨。首先,分析了基于元学习推荐在上述2个方面已取得的相关研究进展;然后,指出了现有元学习推荐研究存在难以适应复杂任务分布、计算代价高和容易陷入局部最优等问题;最后,对元学习在推荐系统领域的一些最新研究方向进行了展望。

互联网嵌入、资源获取与新农人创业成长绩效

将互联网思维纳入互联网嵌入变量,依据江西、河南和安徽512户新农人调查数据,运用内生转换回归(ESR)模型考察了互联网嵌入对新农人创业成长绩效的影响效应,并采用中介效应模型实证检验了资源获取在二者之间的传导机制。研究发现:互联网嵌入显著提升了新农人创业成长绩效,同时扩大了新农人创业成长绩效的差距;相对于返乡创业农民工和本土农业创业者,互联网嵌入对返乡创业大学生和跨界创业者创业成长绩效的促进作用更大,相对于非新型经营主体,互联网嵌入对新型经营主体新农人创业成长绩效的促进作用更大。机制结果分析显示:互联网嵌入有利于提升新农人的人力资源、社会资源、财务资源、政策资源,进而提高其创业成长绩效。因此,要进一步提高新农人互联网嵌入水平,提升其互联网的资源获取能力,增强互联网嵌入对创业成长绩效的作用,同时采取差异化支持政策,加强对弱势新农人支持力度,促进新农人创业成长。

数字经济、创业与中等收入群体规模

利用马克思资本循环理论、蒂蒙斯创业理论阐释数字经济扩大中等收入群体规模的理论逻辑,并利用2012—2021年中国31个省份的面板数据检验了数字经济对中等收入群体规模的影响。研究发现:数字经济能显著扩大中等收入群体规模。机制研究表明:数字经济能通过促进创业而扩大中等收入群体规模。具体而言,数字经济有助于促进创业融资和优化创业企业的要素配置,从而有助于扩大中等收入群体规模。进一步研究发现:良好的营商环境能强化数字经济对创业的促进作用,从而能强化数字经济对中等收入群体规模的扩大作用。异质性检验结果表明:组织型创业与自我雇佣型创业都能使数字经济更好地发挥其对中等收入群体规模的扩大作用;在数字经济的支持下,无论是在制造业中创业,还是在服务业中创业,均能显著扩大中等收入群体规模。