Effects of Blade Number on Characteristics of Centrifugal Pumps

The blade number of impeller is an important design parameter of pumps, which affects the characteristics of pump heavily. At present, the investigation focuses mostly on the performance characteristics of axis flow pumps, the influence of blade number on inner flow filed and characteristics of centrifugal pump has not been understood completely. Therefore, the methods of numerical simulation and experimental verification are used to investigate the effects of blade number on flow field and characteristics of a centrifugal pump. The model pump has a design specific speed of 92.7 and an impeller with 5 blades. The blade number is varied to 4, 6, 7 with the casing and other geometric parameters keep constant. The inner flow fields and characteristics of the centrifugal pumps with different blade number are simulated and predicted in non-cavitation and cavitation conditions by using commercial code FLUENT. The impellers with different blade number are made by using rapid prototyping, and their characteristics are tested in an open loop. The comparison between prediction values and experimental results indicates that the prediction results are satisfied. The maximum discrepancy of prediction results for head, efficiency and required net positive suction head are 4.83%, 3.9% and 0.36 m, respectively. The flow analysis displays that blade number change has an important effect on the area of low pressure region behind the blade inlet and jet-wake structure in impellers. With the increase of blade number, the head of the model pumps increases too, the variable regulation of efficiency and cavitation characteristics are complicated, but there are optimum values of blade number for each one. The research results are helpful for hydraulic design of centrifugal pump.

Parity recognition of blade number and manoeuvre intention classification algorithm of rotor target based on micro-Doppler features using CNN

This paper proposes a parity recognition of blade number and manoeuvre intention classification algorithm of rotor target based on the convolutional neural network(CNN) using micro Doppler features. Firstly, the time-frequency spectrograms are acquired from the radar echo by the short-time Fourier transform.Secondly, based on the obtained spectrograms, a seven-layer CNN architecture is built to recognize the blade-number parity and classify the manoeuvre intention of the rotor target. The constructed architecture contains a leaky rectified linear unit and a dropout layer to accelerate the convergence of the architecture and avoid over-fitting. Finally, the spectrograms of the datasets are divided into three different ratios, i.e., 20%, 33% and 50%,and the cross validation is used to verify the effectiveness of the constructed CNN architecture. Simulation results show that, on the one hand, as the ratio of training data increases, the recognition accuracy of parity and manoeuvre intention is improved at the same signal-to-noise ratio(SNR);on the other hand, the proposed algorithm also has a strong robustness: the accuracy can still reach 90.72% with an SNR of – 6 dB.

Design and Blade Number Ratio Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycle Radial-Inflow Turbine on Vehicle

The organic Rankine cycle is widely used in industrial waste heat, engine waste heat and other waste heat recovery applications, and as a key component of the system, it affects the efficiency and output power of the system. In this paper, a centripetal turbine is designed for the organic Rankine cycle, using vehicle exhaust gas as the heat source. Numerical simulations are performed to analyze the effect of the ratio of the number of guide vane blades to the number of impeller blades (vane number ratio) on the turbine performance and flow field. The results show that the effect of the number of impeller blades on the turbine entropy efficiency, the average exit velocity and the temperature of the guiding grate becomes less and less as the ratio of the number of blades increases. The optimum turbine performance is obtained when the number of impeller blades and the ratio of the number of blades are 17 and 1.5882, respectively, and the expansion performance of the guide impeller is improved and the isentropic efficiency of the turbine is improved by 3.84% compared with the preliminary number of blades.

The Influence of Wedge Diffuser Blade Number and Divergence Angle on the Performance of a High Pressure Ratio Centrifugal Compressor

Wedge diffuser is widely used in centrifugal compressors due to its high performance and compact size. This paper is aimed to research the influence of wedge diffuser blade number and divergence angle on centrifugal compressor performance. The impact of wedge diffuser blade number on compressor stage performance is investigated, and then the wedge diffusers with different divergence angle are studied by varying diffuser wedge angle and blade number simultaneously. It is found that wedge diffuser with 27 blades could have about 0.8% higher adiabatic efficiency and 0.14 higher total pressure ratio than the wedge diffuser with 19 blades and the best compressor performance is achieved when diffuser divergence angle is 8.3°.These results could give some advices on centrifugal compressor design.

Numerical Study of Combining Steady Vortex Generator Jets and Deflected Trailing Edge to Reduce the Blade Numbers of Low Pressure Turbine Stage

A flow control system that combined steady Vortex Generator Jets and Deflected Trailing-edge(VGJs-DT) to decrease the low pressure turbine(LPT) blade numbers was presented.The effects of VGJs-DT on energy loss and flow of low solidity low pressure turbine(LSLPT) cascades were studied.VGJs-DT was found to decrease the energy loss of LSLPT cascade and increase the flow turning angle.VGJs-DT decreased the solidity by 12.5%without a significant increase in energy loss.VGJs-DT was more effective than steady VGJs.VGJs-DT decreased the energy loss and increased the flow angle of the LSLPT cascade with steady VGJs.VGJs-DT can use 50%less mass flow than steady VGJs to inhibit the flow separation in the LSLPT cascade.The deflected trailing edge enhanced the ability of steady VGJs to resist flow separation.Overall,VGJs-DT can be used to control flow separation in LPT cascade and reduce the blade numbers of low pressure turbine stage.

Influences of attack angle and mach number on aerodynamic characters of typical sections of extra-long blade in a steam turbine

On super-sonic or trans-sonic planar cascade wind tunnel of free jet intermittent type, wind blowing experiments were performed on the typical sections of stator and rotor blades in the last stage of ultra-ultra-critical steam turbine with extra-long blade of 1200mm. The influences of attack angle and Mach number on the aerodynamic performances of these sections of the blade profiles were verified, and their operating ranges were also specified.

叶片数对无轴泵喷推进器性能的影响

为丰富无轴泵喷推进器噪声性能优化理论,研究了叶片数对无轴泵喷推进器性能的影响,重点探究了不同叶片数下无轴泵喷推进器内的压力脉动变化规律。基于计算流体力学中的有限体积法离散RANS方程,应用RNG k-ε湍流模型封闭计算模型,采用SIMPLEC进行压力-速度耦合,对不同叶片数下的无轴泵喷推进器内部流场进行了非定常数值模拟计算,并对计算结果进行了详细的对比分析。研究结果表明:随叶片数的增加,无轴泵喷推进器模型的扬程、效率和推力均逐渐增大,叶片表面压力分布更加均匀,叶轮轮缘和中部的压力脉动均明显降低,叶轮进出口主频处的压力脉动幅值从轮缘向中心逐渐减小。

Numerical Study on Low-Reynolds Compressible Flows around Mars Helicopter Rotor Blade Airfoil

High-speed rotor rotation under the low-density condition creates a special low-Reynolds compressible flow around the rotor blade airfoil where the compressibility effect on the laminar separated shear layer occurs. However, the compressibility effect and shock wave generation associated with the increase in the Mach number (M) and the trend change due to their interference have not been clarified. The purpose is to clear the compressibility effect and its impact of shock wave generation on the flow field and aerodynamics. Therefore, we perform a two-dimensional unsteady calculation by Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis using the CLF5605 airfoil used in the Mars helicopter Ingenuity, which succeeded in its first flight on Mars. The calculation conditions are set to the Reynolds number (Re) at 75% rotor span in hovering (Re = 15,400), and the Mach number was varied from incompressible (M = 0.2) to transonic (M = 1.2). The compressible fluid dynamics solver FaSTAR developed by the Japan aerospace exploration agency (JAXA) is used, and calculations are performed under multiple conditions in which the Mach number and angle of attack (α) are swept. The results show that a flow field is similar to that in the Earth’s atmosphere above M = 1.0, such as bow shock at the leading edge, whereas multiple λ-type shock waves are observed over the separated shear layer above α = 3° at M = 0.80. However, no significant difference is found in the Cp distribution around the airfoil between M = 0.6 and M = 0.8. From the results, it is found that multiple λ-type shock waves have no significant effect on the airfoil surface pressure distribution, the separated shear layer effect is dominant in the surface pressure change and aerodynamic characteristics.

导叶叶片数对喷水推进泵瞬态特性的影响

为揭示喷水推进泵不同导叶叶片数时的瞬态特性规律,基于DES混合模拟和FEM声学有限元方法,对喷水推进泵流场和声场进行数值模拟,并进行试验,验证了瞬态特性数值计算方法的准确性,研究了不同导叶叶片数(Z=5,6,7)对喷水推进泵推力、压力脉动、内流诱导噪声等性能的影响规律.结果表明:随着导叶叶片数增大,喷水推进泵推力先减小后增大,流量逐渐减小,转矩逐渐增大;导叶叶片数对叶轮出口压力脉动分布规律影响较小,对压力脉动主频处幅值有较大影响,轮毂处压力脉动幅值受导叶叶片数增大先减小后增大,轮缘和流道中心处幅值随着导叶叶片数增大逐渐减小;导叶叶片数变化会改变内流诱导噪声主频,增大导叶叶片数有利于降低喷水推进泵内流诱导噪声主频处幅值和总声压级.

导叶叶片数对LNG四级潜液泵轴向力及首级叶轮流场的影响研究

应用CFD技术研究了导叶叶片数对LNG潜液泵首级叶轮压力和轴向力分布的影响,对一、三级导叶同时设计7、8、9三种叶片数,采用K-epsilon湍流模型进行了多工况数值模拟,并采用液氮工质进行了相关外特性试验验证,得到LNG泵内部首级叶轮压力分布以及轴向力特性。结果表明:潜液泵所受总轴向力在导叶数为8时最小,泵的整体效率最优。作用在首级叶轮上后盖板的轴向力大于前盖板。其中,导叶数为8时首级叶轮前后盖板轴向力最小,压力分布最均匀;而导叶数为9时,与叶轮叶片数9相同,运转时会有共同的倍频出现,在相同的倍频上振动累加,并诱发共振,导致前后盖板的轴向受力最大,叶轮前盖板所受轴向力相对于其他方案平均增加了3.45%;后盖板轴向受力绝对值平均增加1.88%。综上,导叶数为8时潜液泵的水力效率最优。

多层互剪搅拌桩工法的工艺因素模型试验研究

采用模型试验方法,对多层互剪搅拌桩工法(contra-rotational shear deep soil mixing,简称CS-DSM工法)的工艺因素进行了试验研究,探索了水泥掺量、单位桩长搅拌次数T、单位体积搅拌能量E以及内外钻杆转速比RN等工艺因素对搅拌桩均匀性与强度UCS的影响。模型试验研究发现,通过多层互剪搅拌能够根除地表冒浆、防止糊钻抱钻、提高固化材料利用率。18组模型试验结果阐明搅拌桩在T-E-UCS之间存在固有关联,并揭示出机械参数、输出能量与桩身强度之间的本质关系。提供的计算方法可以定性指导选取合理的工艺参数,实现桩身设计强度目标。作为重要工艺因素,内外钻杆转速比RN与桩身强度试验曲线存在极值点,建议在工程中将1.80~2.20作为获取桩身峰值强度的最优RN值域。CS-DSM工法应用的系列研究结果为高质量搅拌桩工艺控制原则和质量保障体系提供了试验依据。

基于BP神经网络的刀片切割竹枝性能研究

为探究竹枝切割时的刀片切割性能影响因素,支持后续打枝装置的设计,开展竹枝切割刀片性能研究试验,通过单因素试验研究,利用切割阻力作为衡量标准,探究刀片切割性能与关键参数(刀片的滑动角、楔角和滑动速度)之间的相互关系。试验结果显示,随着刀片滑动角和楔角的减小,刀片切割性能呈现明显改善。同时,随着刀片滑动速度的增加,切割性能也呈现相应提升趋势。在多组实验中,采用不同的刀片滑切角度、楔角和滑切速度参数,对不同直径尺寸的竹枝进行切割,并收集了切割阻力的数据构成数据集,构建一个3层BP神经网络模型,研究了刀片切割性能与滑切角度、楔角以及滑切速度之间的关联,并应用相关模型进行了拟合和预测。在BP神经网络中,当隐含层节点数设定为9时,成功建立了刀片切割阻力模型,精准地预测了刀片切割过程中的阻力变化,对刀片切割竹枝性能研究具有一定参考价值。

叶片数对混流泵作透平特性的影响

为研究叶片数对混流泵作透平性能的影响,在叶轮其他主要几何参数不变的情况下,应用计算流体动力学软件ANSYS CFX对叶片数分别为6,7,8,9,10,11,12的泵作透平进行数值计算,得到不同叶片数时混流泵作透平的外特性曲线、内流压力场、速度流线场、湍动能分布等.通过对比分析,得到叶片数对混流泵作透平的影响规律.结果表明:叶片数对混流泵作透平的扬程、轴功率有一定影响,叶片数Z=8时透平效率最高;随着叶片数逐渐增大,叶片对流体的约束能力加强,叶轮进口处的旋涡区域逐渐变小,内部流动得到改善;叶片数越大,湍流集中现象越明显,叶片进口处的湍动能越小,湍流动能分布越均匀;叶片数过大不利于混流泵作透平性能的提升,即存在最佳叶片数Z=8使得透平的性能达到最佳.

旋涡泵进口含气量和叶片数对泵内流场和性能的影响分析

为分析旋涡泵气液混输时进口含气量和叶片数对泵内流场和外特性的影响机理,通过数值计算,对不同进口含气量(5%、10%、15%)和不同叶片数(20、22、24、28)时旋涡泵内流场和外特性进行对比分析.结果表明:旋涡泵的扬程和效率随着进口含气量的增大而减小,扬程从48.98 m减小到36.19 m,效率从34.8%减小到32.4%;在各纵向截面上侧流道内压力大于叶轮流道内压力,从叶轮进口到出口沿圆周方向,各纵向截面内叶轮与壳体的最大压差逐渐增大;纵向截面上气液分离现象越来越严重,叶轮内气体体积分数逐渐增大,而侧流道内气体体积分数逐渐减小,叶轮轮毂处气相聚集越来越严重;随着叶片数的增加,旋涡泵的扬程和效率均呈先增后减的趋势;随着进口含气量的增大,旋涡泵的性能随叶片数变化的敏感度先增后减.

基于正交试验的潜水泵结构参数优化

合理的结构参数优化设计是保证潜水泵高扬程和高效率运行的关键。基于Fluent数值仿真数据样本,采用极差和方差分析的方法探究了不同导流条安放角(J)、进口宽度(K)、轴向长度(L)、叶片数(N)对水泵扬程(H_(Y))、效率(E_(Y))和能耗(E_(N))的影响,并基于熵值法明确了潜水泵最优结构参数组合。结果表明:J及N增加对H_(Y)、J及K增加对E_(Y)影响表现为先促后抑,而J和K增加对E_(N)影响表现为先抑后促;K增加对H_(Y)、叶片数增加对E_(Y)及E_(N)影响均表现为锯齿状波动;L与H_(Y)和E_(Y)呈正相关,与E_(N)呈负相关;J对H_(Y)、E_(Y)和E_(N)均存在极显著(p<0.01)影响,L对H_(Y)和E_(Y)存在显著(p<0.05)影响;各因素对E_(N)和H_(Y)影响大小均表现为:J>L>N>K。

动叶轮叶片数对多相混输泵水力性能的影响

为了探究动叶轮叶片数对多相混输泵外特性、做功性能和水力特性的影响规律,基于欧拉非均质流模型,利用CFX软件对不同动叶轮叶片数下的多相混输泵在多种流量工况、入口含气率10%的条件下进行数值计算。研究发现:流量在90 m^(3)/h及以下时,动叶轮叶片数对扬程和效率的变化趋势影响相对较小,而随着流量的增加,四叶片动叶轮会使混输泵扬程和效率的下降程度增大;当动叶轮叶片数为3时,多相混输泵的外特性、叶片表面静压分布、载荷分布和水力特性等均优于动叶轮叶片数为4时的性能。本文的研究结果可为多相混输泵动叶轮叶片数的选择提供参考。

叶根圆弧对航空燃油离心泵空化性能的影响

针对某航空燃油离心泵在运行过程中由于空化导致叶片根部发生空蚀破坏的问题,设计了一种叶根圆弧结构形式,研究了其在不同空化数下的空泡分布特性和空泡的非定常变化规律,并分析了燃油泵叶轮流道和隔舌位置的压力脉动特性。研究表明:在0.8Q_(d),1.0Q_(d),1.2Q_(d)流量工况下,燃油泵临界空化数分别比原方案减小了4.4%,6.0%,1.8%;在相同空化数下,改进方案叶片表面压力载荷有所下降,其中在1.2Q_(d)流量工况下,低压区占比最多下降7%;改进方案叶片根部空泡体积也有所减小,在1.2Q_(d)流量工况下,空泡减少量最多可达51%;燃油泵内部多数监测点的压力脉动幅值下降较大,最高可达38.35%。研究结果显示了叶根圆弧结构可以显著提升燃油泵的空化性能,为高性能燃油泵的优化设计提供了一定的借鉴。

桨叶层数对导流筒搅拌槽内搅拌影响的数值模拟

搅拌桨叶层数对导流筒搅拌槽的搅拌特性有着极其重要的影响。以赣南某稀土企业容积为10m3的导流筒搅拌槽实物模型数据为参考,利用Solidworks三维软件建立了导流筒搅拌槽及不同搅拌桨叶层数的三维模型。运用流体软件Fluent对其进行网格等数据处理,然后根据相关公式选取桨叶层间距450mm为基础数据,以相近性原则选取甘油水溶液为载体,对料液在不同搅拌桨叶层数的导流筒搅拌槽中的混合过程进行仿真模拟。以时均速度分布、速度、湍流动能和功率消耗等参数作为评价依据,选不同桨叶层数的导流筒搅拌槽的搅拌特性进行分析评价,验证了双层搅拌桨叶的导流筒搅拌槽的搅拌特性较好。

桨叶数目对对转螺旋桨气动和噪声特性的影响

对转螺旋桨的高效率与低油耗等优点已引起人们越来越多的关注。然而,噪声是对转螺旋桨研制过程中亟需解决的关键问题。基于非线性谐波法和声类比理论,研究了转子桨叶数目对对转螺旋桨气动特性和噪声的影响规律及其物理机制。以某型对转螺旋桨为基准对象,研究了7种不同桨叶数组合的对转螺旋桨模型。研究发现,增加对转螺旋桨前/后排转子桨叶数,前/后排转子拉力系数和功率系数将增大,而其波动幅值则明显减小,但这也将损害对转螺旋桨的总推进效率。提出在增加前/后排转子桨叶数的同时适当降低前/后排转子转速,结果表明,该方案既可以保证对转螺旋桨总推力及总效率不受影响,还可以在干涉噪声频率下,获得比单纯增加桨叶数更明显、更宽广的降噪效果。

叶片数对轴流风机气动性能影响的数值研究

叶片数量是影响风机气动性能与经济性的重要因素。本文针对空调器室外机用轴流风机的性能要求,设计了二叶片、三叶片和四叶片轴流风机。采用数值计算方法,研究了叶片数量对轴流风机气动性能的影响。研究结果表明:叶片数量越少,湍流度越大,风机进出口气流扰动加剧,气动涡流噪声也随之增大;二叶片风机由于其叶片数最少,其出口风量相比四叶片风机减少了23.5%,三叶片风机相比四叶片风机其出口风量减少了4.7%。随着叶片数量的减少,尽管风机做功能力有所下降,但叶片用材减少,风机的加工制造成本也相应降低。