Blasting has been widely used in mining and construction industries for rock breaking.This paper presents the results of a series of field tests conducted to investigate the ground wave propagation through mixed geolo...Blasting has been widely used in mining and construction industries for rock breaking.This paper presents the results of a series of field tests conducted to investigate the ground wave propagation through mixed geological media.The tests were conducted at a site in the northwestern part of Singapore composed of residual soil and granitic rock.The field test aims to provide measurement data to better understand the stress wave propagation in soil/rock and along their interface.Triaxial accelerometers were used for the free field vibration monitoring.The measured results are presented and discussed,and empirical formulae for predicting peak particle velocity (PPV) attenuation along the ground surface and in soil/rock were derived from the measured data.Also,the ground vibration attenuation across the soil-rock interface was carefully examined,and it was found that the PPV of ground vibration was decreased by 37.2% when it travels from rock to soil in the vertical direction.展开更多
听觉系统各组成部分的机械损伤是爆炸后造成听力损失的主要原因,强脉冲声致听觉损害风险准则仍然存在许多争议,例如:指标选择冲量还是超压峰值,正压持续时间是否重要等。本研究基于自由场实爆条件,设计并搭建了大动物爆炸致伤平台,探究...听觉系统各组成部分的机械损伤是爆炸后造成听力损失的主要原因,强脉冲声致听觉损害风险准则仍然存在许多争议,例如:指标选择冲量还是超压峰值,正压持续时间是否重要等。本研究基于自由场实爆条件,设计并搭建了大动物爆炸致伤平台,探究了不同爆炸参数对鼓膜破裂的影响规律,并建立了基于自由场超压峰值和正压持续时间的鼓膜创伤量效关系。通过笔形压力传感器测量自由场超压,通过Friedlander公式拟合超压时程曲线,确定冲击波超压峰值和正压持续时间,并对时域中记录的波形进行归一化能量频谱分析,以确定冲击波在频域上的信号能量分布。对爆炸后的小型猪进行解剖,记录不同爆炸参数下鼓膜创伤程度。以超压峰值和正压持续时间为自变量,对实验数据进行二元逻辑回归分析,并给出鼓膜破裂风险曲线。研究发现,当自由场超压峰值低于170 kPa时,鼓膜无明显损伤;当自由场超压峰值高于237 kPa时,部分鼓膜出现不同程度的破裂和充血。距爆心越近,超压峰值越大,但鼓膜创伤的严重程度并未随之单调增加。在8.0 kg TNT当量的爆炸实验中,鼓膜破裂的严重程度随爆心距的减小呈现先提高再降低的趋势。通过对冲击波载荷特征的分析可知,距爆心越近,正压持续时间越短,高频段能量占比相对更大,小型猪鼓膜破裂的概率可能反而降低,此时仍然出现显著的听力损失和耳蜗损伤。鼓膜作为通过振动传递声信号的黏弹性薄膜结构,其动力学响应可能与载荷频率成分密切相关。除了超压峰值,冲击波波形频谱分布对鼓膜破裂程度影响显著。展开更多
采用高速运动分析系统对固态燃料FAE(Fuel Air Explosive)分散、爆轰过程进行光学测量,用压电传感器等组成的压力测试系统对FAE爆炸压力场进行测量,对固态燃料FAE燃料分散、爆轰波及冲击波进行了研究。分析了气-固-液多相爆轰的特征和...采用高速运动分析系统对固态燃料FAE(Fuel Air Explosive)分散、爆轰过程进行光学测量,用压电传感器等组成的压力测试系统对FAE爆炸压力场进行测量,对固态燃料FAE燃料分散、爆轰波及冲击波进行了研究。分析了气-固-液多相爆轰的特征和压力波形的特点,研究了其冲击波峰值超压及比冲量随传播距离变化的规律。在云雾区内,多相爆轰波压力波形具有多峰结构,爆炸波峰值超压及冲量为一恒定值;爆轰区外,爆轰波转变成爆炸冲击波,峰值压力和比冲量迅速衰减,得到了峰值超压、比冲量随传播距离的变化规律。展开更多
基金supported by the Land and Liveability National Innovation Challenge under L2 NIC Award No. L2NICCFP1-2013-1
文摘Blasting has been widely used in mining and construction industries for rock breaking.This paper presents the results of a series of field tests conducted to investigate the ground wave propagation through mixed geological media.The tests were conducted at a site in the northwestern part of Singapore composed of residual soil and granitic rock.The field test aims to provide measurement data to better understand the stress wave propagation in soil/rock and along their interface.Triaxial accelerometers were used for the free field vibration monitoring.The measured results are presented and discussed,and empirical formulae for predicting peak particle velocity (PPV) attenuation along the ground surface and in soil/rock were derived from the measured data.Also,the ground vibration attenuation across the soil-rock interface was carefully examined,and it was found that the PPV of ground vibration was decreased by 37.2% when it travels from rock to soil in the vertical direction.
文摘听觉系统各组成部分的机械损伤是爆炸后造成听力损失的主要原因,强脉冲声致听觉损害风险准则仍然存在许多争议,例如:指标选择冲量还是超压峰值,正压持续时间是否重要等。本研究基于自由场实爆条件,设计并搭建了大动物爆炸致伤平台,探究了不同爆炸参数对鼓膜破裂的影响规律,并建立了基于自由场超压峰值和正压持续时间的鼓膜创伤量效关系。通过笔形压力传感器测量自由场超压,通过Friedlander公式拟合超压时程曲线,确定冲击波超压峰值和正压持续时间,并对时域中记录的波形进行归一化能量频谱分析,以确定冲击波在频域上的信号能量分布。对爆炸后的小型猪进行解剖,记录不同爆炸参数下鼓膜创伤程度。以超压峰值和正压持续时间为自变量,对实验数据进行二元逻辑回归分析,并给出鼓膜破裂风险曲线。研究发现,当自由场超压峰值低于170 kPa时,鼓膜无明显损伤;当自由场超压峰值高于237 kPa时,部分鼓膜出现不同程度的破裂和充血。距爆心越近,超压峰值越大,但鼓膜创伤的严重程度并未随之单调增加。在8.0 kg TNT当量的爆炸实验中,鼓膜破裂的严重程度随爆心距的减小呈现先提高再降低的趋势。通过对冲击波载荷特征的分析可知,距爆心越近,正压持续时间越短,高频段能量占比相对更大,小型猪鼓膜破裂的概率可能反而降低,此时仍然出现显著的听力损失和耳蜗损伤。鼓膜作为通过振动传递声信号的黏弹性薄膜结构,其动力学响应可能与载荷频率成分密切相关。除了超压峰值,冲击波波形频谱分布对鼓膜破裂程度影响显著。
文摘采用高速运动分析系统对固态燃料FAE(Fuel Air Explosive)分散、爆轰过程进行光学测量,用压电传感器等组成的压力测试系统对FAE爆炸压力场进行测量,对固态燃料FAE燃料分散、爆轰波及冲击波进行了研究。分析了气-固-液多相爆轰的特征和压力波形的特点,研究了其冲击波峰值超压及比冲量随传播距离变化的规律。在云雾区内,多相爆轰波压力波形具有多峰结构,爆炸波峰值超压及冲量为一恒定值;爆轰区外,爆轰波转变成爆炸冲击波,峰值压力和比冲量迅速衰减,得到了峰值超压、比冲量随传播距离的变化规律。