Research on Hydraulic Block Scenarios in the Land Conservation Zone of the Headwaters Area of Jinshu Bay

[Objective] The aim was to study the hydraulic block scenarios in the water source land conservation zone in Jinshu Bay so as to ensure the water quality in the water sources in Jinshu Bay.[Method] By dint of one dimension water amount and water quality mode in the river net in Taihu,the water flow movement characteristics and pollutants transportation rules in the water sources areas in Jinshu Bay under five kinds of hydraulic block scenarios were compared and discussed.[Result] After demolishing the temporary soil dam in the water source conservation zone in Jinshu Bay,water amount and pollutants increased and water quality deteriorated.It was necessary to take certain hydraulic power to block and control the pollutants in the preservation area;after demolishing the dam,there was less water amount and pollutants.The water quality improved significantly.The hydraulic block facility in the preservation area and its surroundings were all releasing and not introducing;the one along the mouth of the river of Mentianji Gang,Jinshugang and Longtanggang were introducing and not releasing,which only restricted poor-quality water in Beijing-Hangzhou Canal and Huguang Canal flowing into the conservation zone.The water into the conservation zone was all from Gonghu.The water mobility within the conservation zone was good.The regional water quality improved to the largest scale.[Conclusion] Judging from the water flow movement characteristics and pollutants transportation rules in Jinshu Bay,the fifth proposal was more appropriate.

Study on distribution characteristics of strong earthquakes in Sichuan-Yunnan area and their geological tectonic background

In the paper, the distribution characteristics of strong earthquakes in Sichuan-Yunnan area and their geological tectonic background, especially the relation to Sichuan-Yunnan and Sichuan-Qinghai crustal blocks have been studied. The main results are: a) Strong earthquakes in Sichuan-Yunnan area distribute mainly in Sichuan-Yunnan and Sichuan-Qinghai crustal blocks; b) Most of strong earthquakes of the two blocks distribute mainly along their boundary faults; c) A few strong earthquakes are not obviously related to active faults. It shows that the relation between strong earthquakes and geological tectonics can be very complex; d) There is a certain correlativity for seismic activities among boundary faults of the two blocks, but they have different features; e) There are some anomalous changes of velocity structures in the deep crust of boundary faults of the two blocks. Many boundary faults, especially Longmenshan fault, cut obviously the Moho discontinuity. The Xianshuihe fault, a typical strike-slip fault, has no obvious indication of cutting the Moho discontinuity, but has distinct low-velocity zone in different depths.

The Trace Element Distribution Patterns of Ediacaran-Early Cambrian Black Shales and the Origin of Selenium in the Guangning Area, Western Guangdong Province, South China

The Ediacaran and early Cambrian black shales are widespread across the South China Craton （Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks）. However, the trace element distribution patterns of the Ediacaran and early Cambrian black shales in the Cathaysia Block are still unclear. In this study, thirty- four black shale samples in the Lechangxia Group （Ediacaran） and thirteen black shale samples in the lower Bacun Group （early Cambrian） from Guangning area, western Guangdong Province, South China, were analyzed for major and trace elements concentrations. Compared to the upper continental crust, the Ediacaran black shales exhibit strongly enriched Se, Ga, and As with enrichment factor values （EF） higher than 10, significantly enrichedBi and Rb （10〉EF〉5）, weakly enriched Mo, Ba, Cs, V, In, Be, TI, and Th （5〉EF〉2）, normal U, Cr, Cd, Sc, Pb, Cu, and Li （2〉EF〉0.5）, and depleted Ni, Zn, Sr, and Co. Early Cambrian black shales display strongly enriched Se, Ga, and As, significantly enriched Ba, Bi, and Rb, weakly enriched Mo, Cs, Cd, V, U, Be, In, and TI, normal Sc, Th, Cr, Li, Cu, Ni, and Pb and depleted Co, Zn, and Sr. Moreover, Se is the most enriched trace element in the Ediacaran and early Cambrian black shales： concentrations vary from 0.25 to 30.09 ppm and 0.54 to 5.01 ppm, and averaging 4.84 and 1.72 ppm, with average EF values of 96.87 and 34.32, for the Ediacaran and early Cambrian shales respectively. The average concentration of Se in the Ediacaran black shales is 2.8 times higher than that of early Cambrian black shales. Se contents in the Ediacaran and early Cambrian black shales exhibit significant variation （P = 0.03）. Provenance analysis showed that Se contents of both the Ediacaran and early Cambrian black shales were without detrital provenance and volcanoclastic sources, hut of hydrothermal origin. The deep sources of Se and the presence of pyrite may explain the higher Se contents in the Ediacaran black shales. Similar with the Se-rich characteristics of the contemporaneous black shales in the south Qingling Mountain and Yangtze block, the Ediacaran and early Cambrian black shales in Guangning area, Cathaysia, are also enriched in Se, which may provide a clue for looking for the selenium-rich resources in western Guangdong Province.

Geo-Spatial Database Creation for Wazirabad Canal Command Area

GIS assist in specific planning and decision-making processes in irrigation through the input, spatial analysis and output of relevant information. The real strength of GIS is its ability to integrate information. This integration power makes the scope of GIS almost infinite. The unique integration capability of GIS allows disparate data sets to be brought together to create a complete picture of a situation. GIS technology illustrates relationships, patterns and connections that are not necessarily obvious in any one data set but are amazingly apparent once the data sets are integrated. GIS also helps us to assess the performance of the irrigation command areas. GIS based system helps a canal to analyze the spatial information about its engineers and farmers to improve planning, management and supply of water resources to its corresponding blocks. In order to manage the water efficiently in the command area, it is needless to say that calculation and evaluation of water demands in detail at block and minor level to be given overriding priority. Blocks and Chak boundaries can be delineated from the Digital Elevation Model using GIS techniques. These boundaries will help to plan and allocate the water resources to improve the water allocation strategies and in turn water use efficiency and can make inter-canal comparisons. The delineated block boundaries can be refined exactly using the drainage, topography and existing canal network in GIS platform.

Study on distribution characteristics of strong earthquakes in Sichuan-Yunnan area and their geological tectonic background

In the paper, the distribution characteristics of strong earthquakes in Sichuan-Yunnan area and their geological tectonic background, especially the relation to Sichuan-Yunnan and Sichuan-Qinghai crustal blocks have been studied. The main results are: a) Strong earthquakes in Sichuan-Yunnan area distribute mainly in Sichuan-Yunnan and Sichuan-Qinghai crustal blocks; b) Most of strong earthquakes of the two blocks distribute mainly along their boundary faults; c) A few strong earthquakes are not obviously related to active faults. It shows that the relation between strong earthquakes and geological tectonics can be very complex; d) There is a certain correlativity for seismic activities among boundary faults of the two blocks, but they have different features; e) There are some anomalous changes of velocity structures in the deep crust of boundary faults of the two blocks. Many boundary faults, especially Longmenshan fault, cut obviously the Moho discontinuity. The Xianshuihe fault, a typical strike-slip fault, has no obvious indication of cutting the Moho discontinuity, but has distinct low-velocity zone in different depths.

ON PARAMETRIC MARCINKIEWICZ INTEGRALS RELATED TO BLOCK SPACES

In this paper,the L2-boundedness of a class of parametric Marcinkiewicz integral μρ Ω,h with kernel function Ω in B 0,0 q(S n-1) for some q>1,and the radial function h(x)∈l∞(Ls)(R +) for 1<s≤∞ are given.The Lp(Rn)(2≤p<∞) boundedness of μ *,ρ Ω,h,λ and μ ρ Ω,h,S with Ω in B 0,0 q(S n-1) and h(|x|)∈l∞(Ls)(R +) in application are obtained.Here μ *,ρ Ω,h,λ and μ ρ Ω,h,S are parametric Marcinkiewicz integrals corresponding to the Littlewood-Paley g* λ function and the Lusin area function S,respectively.

槽式太阳能阵列挡风增速效果数值模拟

采用开源计算流体力学软件OpenFOAM中的Simple求解器对流场进行数值模拟,研究5.00 m/s风速下槽式太阳能阵列挡风墙挡风效果。对由槽式太阳能阵列组成的6个不同高度的挡风墙对整体流场速度的影响以及不同高度挡风墙背风侧30,60,90 m处的速度进行了分析。研究发现,当气流通过挡风墙时,低于墙高的位置速度大幅衰减,而高于墙高的位置开始加速,存在明显的分区作用。当气流流过挡风墙后,会在其后形成明显的速度衰减区,其面积和延伸与挡风墙的高度正相关。在挡风墙背风侧较远处,高于墙高的气流开始减速,低于墙高的气流开始加速,并随着距离的增加风速逐渐趋于平稳。

场所精神理论下传统街区文化空间呈现与感知

随着城市的快速发展,传统街区面临着文化空间的传承问题。地方文脉的传承,与地区空间格局的演变、空间特性的延续、人们对区域氛围的感知变化等问题密切相关。选择场所精神理论作为切入点,以北京天桥地区为例,使用质性研究中扎根理论三级编码和地理空间展示与分析方法,从空间格局演变、场所精神分析、文化空间的呈现与场所精神的传承三个方面,对城市传统街区文化空间呈现与感知问题进行研究。结果显示:人们对天桥地区的整体认知体现在“古今具有高知名度的艺术表演区域”这一内涵上。人们通过观看展览演出等活动,体验区域的整体空间氛围,进而感受地方文化。这样的游览模式,适合此类新旧文化空间同时呈现的传统街区。

南川地区浅层常压页岩气吸附解吸机理与开发实践

中国浅层常压页岩气勘探开发尚处于探索阶段,目前在四川盆地及周缘地区实施的多口浅层页岩气井钻遇含气层显示良好,初步揭示了浅层页岩气具有较大的勘探开发潜力。但浅层常压页岩中天然气的赋存状态以吸附气为主,勘探开发面临吸附解吸规律不清、针对性排采工艺尚待建立等问题。为此,以重庆市南川地区武隆区块常压页岩气田为对象,选取不同埋深条件下的岩心样品,开展了页岩储层评价与室内等温吸附实验,基于等温吸附曲线,建立了浅层页岩气吸附解吸模型并划分了吸附气3个解吸阶段,明确了浅层常压页岩气吸附解吸机理及其影响因素。研究结果表明:(1)浅层常压页岩气等温吸附曲线呈“厂”字形特征,随着储层压力下降,解吸速率从缓慢解吸突变至快速解吸;(2)通过对解吸效率曲线的曲率进行求解,可得到解吸速率突变拐点对应的“敏感解吸压力”,盆外浅层常压页岩气敏感解吸压力一般介于1.8~2.5 MPa;(3) PD1HF井开展降流压解吸试验,通过人工举升将井底流压降至2.5 MPa以下时吸附气快速解吸释放,气井产能达到原来的5倍以上,实现了浅层常压页岩气井产能的重大突破。结论认为,南川地区武隆区块浅层常压页岩气吸附解吸特征的明确及其开发实践的成功,对推动南川地区浅层常压页岩气效益开发及国内同类型浅层常压页岩气的开发具有重要指导意义。

基于扇块化阈值判定的机载激光雷达可通行区域在线检测方法研究

激光受扫描区域与摄像点间角度、方向以及间隔距离等因素影响,导致激光可覆盖区域有限,从而影响可通行区域在线检测的准确性。为此,提出一种基于扇块化阈值判定的机载激光雷达可通行区域在线检测方法。扇块化阈值包括最大扫描距离阈值和畸变系数阈值,利用其判定机载激光雷达扇形块区域;采用最大熵值预测模型与调节系数处理扇形块区域数据,结合小波变换实现机载激光雷达可通行区域在线检测。实验结果表明,所提方法不仅检测到在4、6、7检测点处,道路宽度信息发生了变化,而且可以有效检测出区域内的障碍物,从而提高可通行区域的检测准确性,具备较好的检测效果。

“太乙神针”在岭南的传播与改良

太乙神针是指将药物加艾绒配制成的艾条点燃后隔符纸按压熨于穴位的方法,是一种在临床具有显著疗效的灸疗方法。太乙神针法最初由清代的范毓?在广东做官之际传入岭南,此后得以广泛传播。在岭南地区流行的由清代顺德周桂山所辑的《经验良方》著作中,记载有一种独特的隔姜灸“太乙神针”法,其出现时间早于1856年叶圭所创的隔姜罩碗的“太乙神针灸法”。对比清代19种有关“太乙神针”著作,发现这种独特的隔姜灸“太乙神针”法仅记载于几种岭南医书中,其太乙神针药方(组成药物为麝香、川乌、草乌、生南星、生半夏、雄黄、雌黄、丁香、细辛、威灵仙、蜈蚣、硫黄,共12味)中不加艾绒,而是将药物制备成药块进行隔姜灸。该文对岭南隔姜灸“太乙神针”法的来源与特点进行考述,以期为临床灸法的拓展提供思路。

基于机器视觉的岩块自动化识别检测方法

在隧道施工过程中,岩体参数的获取是实现隧道掘进机参数调整和智能决策的前提,因此,要对掘进过程中获得的岩块进行采样和检测,而岩块识别和检测目前主要由人工完成。本文针对岩块的自动化识别和检测问题,提出了一种基于机器视觉的岩块自动化识别检测方法,通过融合岩块区域检测和语义分割算法能够快速准确获取岩块的形心坐标和过形心最小直径。首先,使用YOLOv3网络对岩块进行识别,实现岩块的区域检测。其次,针对每个区域的岩块采用FCN-DenseNet网络进行语义分割和图像处理,并对全卷积神经网络进行改进,减少了语义分割模型的参数量,提高了语义分割效率,提升了岩块轮廓获取的精度和速度。最后,根据获得的岩块轮廓点,计算其形心坐标及过形心的最小直径,为机械臂抓取和岩块点荷载强度的计算提供支持。搭建实验平台,完成机械臂手眼标定和深度相机坐标下岩块图像与岩块点云对齐,获取岩块形心坐标在机械臂坐标下的位置。实验结果表明,本文所提算法能够快速准确地获取岩块的形位参数,对10次实验中的102块岩块识别检测成功率为91.18%,在所有完成识别检测岩块中的吸取成功率为92.47%,可以应用于岩体的自动化检测,提高岩体检测的效率和智能化水平。

广州市“窄马路、密路网”街区交通规划提升实践

实现“窄马路、密路网”街区交通规划需要从路网指标、交通组织、设施配置等多方面进行更加精细化的管控。首先,通过总结广州市20余个“窄马路、密路网”街区规划案例,梳理该类街区的空间及交通特征,总结实施过程中存在的典型问题与成因,分析“窄马路、密路网”街区尺度和路网形态对交通组织、设施布局的影响,提出加强“窄马路、密路网”街区交通规划管控的必要性。其次,围绕街区交通效能和出行环境提升,研究形成三大规划提升策略:加强路网指标整体管控、优化街区人车交通组织、精准配置交通设施,并明确街区尺度、支路占比、道路面积率、路网连通性、公共汽车首末站小型化、停车库互联互通等详细管控要求。最后,以广州设计之都三期为例,基于综合评估提出交通规划提升方案。

中美典型常压页岩气开发对比与启示

为解决中国常压页岩气单井产能低、工程工艺技术不成熟、效益开发难度大等问题,探索合理开发途径,以美国Fayetteville页岩气田和中国东胜页岩气区块为例,基于2个页岩气田的地质特征,从有利区评价、单井产能、工程成本情况等方面展开评价对比。研究表明:东胜区块页岩气有利区评价与Fayetteville相当,但东胜区块尚处于开发早期,且埋深更大,地质条件更复杂,需结合后期开发特征,借鉴Fayetteville气田的开发经验,进一步精细深化分区分类评价;Fayetteville、东胜页岩气均采用分区滚动开发的模式,逐步提升配套工程工艺技术,但东胜区块压裂用液强度、加砂强度均低于Fayetteville气田,平均单井EUR偏低,需持续攻关;Fayetteville气田和东胜区块均坚持持续攻关降本的目标,单井综合成本不断降低,但东胜区块仍需进一步攻关降本,力争单井综合成本降至3000×10^(4)~3500×10^(4)元以内。中国常压页岩气地质资源量大,是未来增储上产的主阵地,通过进一步明确有利区,攻关配套工程工艺技术,降低综合成本,实现全面效益开发,将对中国页岩气长期上产稳产具有重大战略意义。

煤矿采动稳定区煤层气开发区块经济评价技术

针对我国煤矿采动稳定区煤层气开发区块评价技术缺乏,难以有效指导经济开发应用这一问题,基于煤层气开发效果与综合效益,分析了采动稳定区煤层气开发区块评价关键参数,构建了考虑技术进步等动态影响因素的煤层气开发区块经济评价指标体系,采用层次分析方法获得了各单项指标的相对权重,并提出了开发区块最大隶属原则经济评价方法。应用试验表明,该经济评价方法可为煤矿采动稳定区煤层气开发决策提供可靠指导。

神东矿区立体帷幕注浆精准堵漏风与高效防灭火技术

为高效治理神东矿区浅埋藏煤层开采漏风引起的煤自燃隐患,以大柳塔煤矿活鸡兔井12_上、12_下煤层工作面为研究对象,通过立体帷幕注浆的方式进行精准堵漏风与防灭火工程示范。首先利用地质剖面移动角计算注浆距离,并设计注浆平面布置,同时针对不同地质情况,设计了先导钻孔、注浆钻孔和监测钻孔;根据活鸡兔井实际情况,共施工104个钻孔,设计帷幕体长度约1020 m,高度约40 m;通过分段上行式注浆法,设计工作面切眼外侧注浆高度72 m,12_上205运输巷段注浆高度12 m,注浆宽度15 m,总注浆169569.1 m^(3)。通过立体帷幕注浆,12_下205工作面漏风较同条件下最大减少约1000 m^(3)/min,12_下207工作面漏风较同条件下最大减少近800m^(3)/min;堵漏风效果明显,有效降低12_下煤层工作面煤自燃隐患。

微流控技术辅助制备多孔石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)块体及其性能研究

设计了适用于微流控系统的原位生成酸催化聚乙烯醇/戊二醛凝胶反应体系并用于g-C_(3)N_(4)多孔微球粒径与形貌的可控制备,以无机粘结剂和多孔微球为原料实现氚兼容的多孔g-C_(3)N_(4)块体的制备。考察了凝胶组成成分、煅烧模式对微球比表面积与机械强度的影响,以及无机黏合剂质量分数、微球粒径对g-C_(3)N_(4)块体比表面积与机械强度的影响。结果表明,微球粒径对块体材料性能有显著影响,在相同成型黏合剂质量分数下,微球粒径增加79.5%块体材料的比表面积提高205%,而机械强度仅降低了42%。4.5 K低温气体吸附实验结果表明,所制备的g-C_(3)N_(4)多孔块体吸附层对氢气和氦气的选择性系数可达13.02。

班公湖-怒江缝合带西段昂龙岗日地区中新世岩浆作用

拉萨地块中新生代构造岩浆活动一直以来都是青藏高原基础地质的研究热点之一。在该地块西部发育有较多的新生代尤其是中新世岩浆岩。本文以拉萨地块西部昂龙岗日地区新发现的中新世花岗岩为研究对象,对其岩石类型、岩石成因与构造背景进行了探讨。昂龙岗日地区中新世花岗岩由细粒白云母二长花岗岩和中细粒二长花岗岩组成,内部发育少量的暗色包体。细粒白云母二长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为9.95±0.14 Ma,中细粒二长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为10.68±0.2 Ma,均为中新世。二者都具有高硅(SiO_(2)=72.35%~74.74%)、富钾(K_(2)O/Na_(2)O=1.15~1.45,均大于1)、高铝(Al2O3=14.35%~14.83%)和弱过铝质-过铝质(A/CNK=1.08~1.14)的特征,CIPW刚玉分子数均大于1%。其轻重稀土元素分异十分明显,具中等负Eu异常,富集Rb、Th、K等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb高场强元素,相对富集Hf、Zr等高场强元素,Sr、Ba、P、Ti等则表现出明显的负异常,为高钾钙碱性系列的过铝质S型花岗岩。两者具有相对低Sr、高Sr/Y、La/Yb值,极低的Y、Yb含量。研究区花岗岩起源于加厚下地壳环境下,并发生了一定程度的岩浆混合作用。综合区域研究成果,昂龙岗日地区中新世花岗岩的形成,可能与印度板块北向俯冲至北拉萨地块下发生板片撕裂后,高热软流圈物质透过板片断离窗上涌诱发下地壳发生部分熔融有关。

国内外历史地段相关概念内涵辨析与思考

历史地段是20世纪末期国内学者从外文中引入国内后经多轮调整而形成的历史遗产保护概念,在不断发展过程中出现概念内涵、内容分类、判定标准、实施流程不明晰等现象。基于历史地段的文本逻辑分析了与文化遗产和建筑遗产的内涵关系,对比了与历史文化街区、历史风貌区、历史建筑群、历史街巷、城市历史景观等国内历史地段相关概念的区别与联系,从概念的应用范畴和地理属性两方面阐释了历史地段与historic area、historic site等国外相关概念的共性与差异,思考并提出关于我国在历史地段层面保护框架的构想,以期对今后历史地段成为法定保护对象后的判定与保护工作有所裨益。

黔西南石漠化地区散点状块石变形机理与InSAR早期识别方法

在黔西南石漠化地区,普遍存在一种表层发育区域性散点状块石变形但山体整体稳定的现象,造成在利用InSAR技术进行地质灾害隐患点识别时这些变形区往往被误判为滑坡,导致该地区地质灾害InSAR早期识别的准确率很低。以贵州黔西南州兴义市2个典型石漠化地区为例,首先简要概述了石漠化地区的区域构造地质背景和工程地质条件;其次介绍了石漠化地区散点状块石变形识别方法、分布现状及其野外验证方法;然后揭示了石漠化地区散点状块石变形的机理,分析了散点状块石变形容易在InSAR识别中被误判为滑坡隐患的原因;最后根据石漠化地区散点状块石变形的规律,提出了利用InSAR技术特别是PS-InSAR技术在石漠化地区早期识别散点状块石变形的方法。结果表明,该方法提高了石漠化地区InSAR识别地质灾害隐患点的效率和准确率。研究结果对我国其他岩溶地区的地质灾害早期识别具有重要的参考价值。