Midpoint transverse process to pleura block for postoperative analgesia following laparoscopic renal cyst decortication:Two case reports

BACKGROUND The midpoint transverse process to pleura(MTP)block,a novel technique for thoracic paravertebral block(TPVB),was first employed in laparoscopic renal cyst decortication.CASE SUMMARY Thoracic paravertebral nerve block is frequently employed for perioperative analgesia during laparoscopic cyst decortication.To address safety concerns associated with TPVBs,we administered MTP blocks in two patients prior to administering general anesthesia for laparoscopic cyst decortication.The MTP block was performed at the T9 level under ultrasound guidance,with 20 mL of 0.5%ropivacaine injected.Reduced sensation to cold and pinprick was observed from the T8 to T11 dermatome levels.Immediately postoperative Numeric Pain Rating Scale scores were 0/10 at rest and on movement,with none exceeding a mean 24 h numeric rating scale>3.CONCLUSION MTP block was effective technique for providing postoperative analgesia for patients undergoing laparoscopic renal cyst decortication.

Research on Welding Quality Traceability Model of Offshore Platform Block Construction Process

Quality traceability plays an essential role in assembling and welding offshore platform blocks.The improvement of the welding quality traceability system is conducive to improving the durability of the offshore platform and the process level of the offshore industry.Currently,qualitymanagement remains in the era of primary information,and there is a lack of effective tracking and recording of welding quality data.When welding defects are encountered,it is difficult to rapidly and accurately determine the root cause of the problem from various complexities and scattered quality data.In this paper,a composite welding quality traceability model for offshore platform block construction process is proposed,it contains the quality early-warning method based on long short-term memory and quality data backtracking query optimization algorithm.By fulfilling the training of the early-warning model and the implementation of the query optimization algorithm,the quality traceability model has the ability to assist enterprises in realizing the rapid identification and positioning of quality problems.Furthermore,the model and the quality traceability algorithm are checked by cases in actual working conditions.Verification analyses suggest that the proposed early-warningmodel for welding quality and the algorithmfor optimizing backtracking requests are effective and can be applied to the actual construction process.

Numerical simulation of the blocking process of gelled particles in porous media with remaining polymers

Gelled particles can be transferred deeply inside oil reservoirs to block water channels due to their physicochemical characteristics, including swelling, deformation, and synergetic effect （reacting with polymers）, and then the injection profiles are significantly modified. At present, research on gelled particles is mainly focused on laboratory studies of drive mechanisms, and rarely on mathematical models describing the blocking process of gelled particles. In this paper, the blocking process of gelled particles is divided into two sub-processes： deposition and desorption due to particle deformation. A mathematical model based on filtration theory is proposed considering the effect of characteristics of gelled particles on the blocking process. Blocking laws were simulated and researched using the mathematical model. Results of the simulation of the blocking of gelled particles are quite consistent with the experimental results, which confirms the reliability of the mathematical model developed.

A BLOCK GENERALIZED MINIMUM BACKWARD (BGMBACK) ERROR ALGORITHM FOR NONSYMMETRIC LINEAR SYSTEMS

Many applications require the solution of large nonsymmetric linear systems with multiple right hand sides. Instead of applying an iterative method to each of these systems individually, it is often more efficient to use a block version of the method that generates iterates for all the systems simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a block version of generalized minimum backward (GMBACK) for solving large multiple nonsymmetric linear systems. The new method employs the block Arnoldi process to construct a basis for the Krylov subspace K m(A, R 0) and seeks X m∈X 0+K m(A, R 0) to minimize the norm of the perturbation to the data given in A.

An estimation model for the fragmentation properties of brittle rock block due to the impacts against an obstruction

Mountain hazards with large masses of rock blocks in motion – such as rock falls, avalanches and landslides – threaten human lives and structures. Dynamic fragmentation is a common phenomenon during the movement process of rock blocks in rock avalanche, due to the high velocity and impacts against obstructions. In view of the energy consumption theory for brittle rock fragmentation proposed by Bond, which relates energy to size reduction, a theoretical model is proposed to estimate the average fragment size for a moving rock block when it impacts against an obstruction. Then, different forms of motion are studied, with various drop heights and slope angles for the moving rock block. The calculated results reveal that the average fragment size decreases as the drop height increases, whether for free-fall or for a sliding or rolling rock block, and the decline in size is rapid for low heights and slow for increasing heights in the corresponding curves. Moreover, the average fragment size also decreases as the slope angle increases for a slidingrock block. In addition, a rolling rock block has a higher degree of fragmentation than a sliding rock block, even for the same slope angle and block volume. Finally, to compare with others' results, the approximate number of fragments is estimated for each calculated example, and the results show that the proposed model is applicable to a relatively isotropic moving rock block.

Effect of Nonlinear Dynamic Process on Formation and Breakdown of Blocking

With the L-P approximate method(variation of parameter method), a barotropic channel model in β-plane is used to study the effect of nonlinear interaction between two waves with different scales on the formation of blocking. The approximate analytical solution, which can describe the process of the blocking formation, maintenance and breakdown, has been obtained by using the method of aproximate expansion. The importance of nonlinear interaction between two waves with different scales is stressed in the solution. The result suggests that the nonlinear interaction is the main dynamic process of the blocking formation. Some required conditions of blocking formation are also discussed.

The Mesozoic Welding Process between South and North Dabie Blocks：An Evidence from Pb Isotopes of Yanshanian Granites

The Pb isotope compositions of K-feldspar in granites is paid more and more geologists'attention,due to their importance of tracer.It is a fact that South Dabie Block(SDB)and North Dabie Block(NDB)had exited since Indosinian epoch(Wang et al.,1992;Cong et al,1994;Zhai et al.,1995;Chen et al.1995;Zhang et al,1996,Wang et al,1997).However,the welding process between SDB

Study of the blocking mechanism in gravel packing based on CFD-DEM

Gravel packing sand control(GPSC),as the optimization of mechanical sand control technology,is widely used in the deep water completion and sand control of loose sandstone heavy oil reservoirs and highly argillaceous.To explore the blocking mechanism of GPSC,the influence of its structural parameters on the blocking of GPSC is investigated.This paper establishes a particle element model based on computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method coupling using the discrete element method and establishes a fluid flow model combined with computational fluid dynamics to realize their full coupling solution.And sand control experiments were carried out using a micro visual sand control simulation device to verify the blocking model.The blocking mechanism is analyzed from the microscopic point of view,and then,the influence of sand control structure parameters on the blocking in GPSC design is evaluated.The results show the following:(1)the blocking process of GPSC can be divided into three stages:an initial stage,sand accumulation stage,and equilibrium stage.(2)There are two main types of gravel packing blockage.The first type of blocking is blocking on the surface of the gravel layer.Sand particles on the surface of gravel layer mainly exist in the form of large particle size blocking gravel pores and sand particles bridging each other.The second type of blockage is the blockage inside the gravel layer.Sand particles mainly exist in the form of internal mud cakes and adsorption on gravels inside the gravel layer.(3)To ensure the sand control performance of the gravel layer,the gravel layer thickness is designed between 23 and 28 mm.The displacement or pressure of the on-site packing pump should be increased to ensure that the gravel layer packing solidity ranges between 59%and 62%.In the design of GPSC,it should be ensured that the median particle size of gravel is 5–6 times the median particle size of sand.This study provides an effective technical reference for the design of gravel structural parameters in on-site gravel packing completion sand control.

Weak GPS L1 Signal Acquisition Based on BPDC

It is difficult to achieve accurate acquisition of weak global positioning system( GPS) signals with traditional methods. A weak signal acquisition strategy based on block processing and differentially coherent( BPDC) is put forward after analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of coherent and non-coherent integration algorithms. Code phase parallel search of the pre-coherent integration is conducted by using fast Fourier transform( FFT),and the results are then differential coherent processed and block processed. BPDC method reduces computation cost compared with coherent and noncoherent( CNC) algorithm. The performance of the two algorithms is also compared based on simulated signals. The result shows that the noise suppression effect of BPDC algorithms is superior to that of traditional CNC algorithm,and the superiority of BPDC is more apparent with the reduction of carrier to noise ratio( CNR). In the case that the pre-coherent integration length is 4 ms and CNR is reduced to 28 dB-Hz,CNC algorithm cannot yet acquire signal correctly while BPDC has well acquisition performance. Therefore,for weak GPS signal acquisition,BPDC algorithm can acquire the signal with lower CNR and has better acquisition property.

Frequency Domain Adaptive Learning Algorithm for Thoracic Electrical Bioimpedance Enhancement

The Thoracic Electrical Bioimpedance(TEB)helps to determine the stroke volume during cardiac arrest.While measuring cardiac signal it is contaminated with artifacts.The commonly encountered artifacts are Baseline wander(BW)and Muscle artifact(MA),these are physiological and nonstationary.As the nature of these artifacts is random,adaptive filtering is needed than conventional fixed coefficient filtering techniques.To address this,a new block based adaptive learning scheme is proposed to remove artifacts from TEB signals in clinical scenario.The proposed block least mean square(BLMS)algorithm is mathematically normalized with reference to data and error.This normalization leads,block normalized LMS(BNLMS)and block error normalized LMS(BENLMS)algorithms.Various adaptive artifact cancellers are developed in both time and frequency domains and applied on real TEB quantities contaminated with physiological signals.The ability of these techniques is measured by calculating signal to noise ratio improvement(SNRI),Excess Mean Square Error(EMSE),and Misadjustment(Mad).Among the considered algorithms,the frequency domain version of BENLMS algorithm removes the physiological artifacts effectively then the other counter parts.Hence,this adaptive artifact canceller is suitable for real time applications like wearable,remove health care monitoring units.

Experimental Research of Dual-Polarization Passive Radar Based on DTTB Signal

The passive radar is a hot research topic. A multi-channel wideband passive radar experimental system is designed and the digital television terrestrial broadcasting (DTTB) signal is chosen to carry out the target detection experiment of civil aviation aircraft. The polarization and spatial filtering methods are used to solve the strong direct path interference suppression problems brought by the receiving system location;combined with the characteristics of DTTB signal, the block length selection interval in the block batch processing method for range-Doppler images calculation is given;the clutter suppression performance is compared through the experimental data receiving from different bistatic polarization channels, the conclusion is different from the monostatic radar and it can guide the passive radar experiment.

Influence of Process Parameters and Sr Addition on the Microstructure and Casting Defects of LPDC A356 Alloy for Engine Blocks

The effects of Sr addition and pressure increase on the microstructure and casting defects of a low-pressure die cast （LPDC） AISi7Mg0.3 alloy have been studied. Metallographic and image analysis techniques have been used to quantitatively examine the microstructural changes and the amount of porosity occurring at different Sr levels and pressure parameters. The results indicate that an increase in the filling pressure induces lower heat dissipation of the liquid close to the die/core surfaces, with the formation of slightly greater dendrite arms and coarser eutectic Si particles. On the other hand, the increase in the Sr level leads to finer microstructural scale and eutectic Si. The analysed variables, within the experimental conditions, do not affect the morphology of eutectic Si particles. Higher applied pressure and Sr content generate castings with lower amount of porosiW. However, as the filling pressure increases the flow of metal inside the die cavity is more turbulent, leading to the formation of oxide films and cold shots. In the analysed range of experimental conditions, the design of experiment methodology and the analysis of variance have been used to develop statistical models that accurately predict the average size of secondary dendrite arm spacing and the amount of porosity in the low-pressure die cast AISiTMg0.3 alloy.

A VARIATION ON THE BLOCK ARNOLDIMETHOD FOR LARGE UNSYMMETRIC MATRIX EIGENPROBLEMS

The approximate eigenvectors or Ritz vectors obtained by the block Arnoldi method may converge very slowly and even fail to converge even if the approximate eigenvalues do. In order to improve the quality of the Ritz vectors, a modified strategy is proposed such that new approximate eigenvectors are certain combinations of the Ritz vectors and the waSted (m+1) th block basis vector and their corresponding residual norms are minimized in a certain sense. They can be cheaply computed by solving a few small 'dimensional minimization problems. The resulting modified m-step block Arnoldi method is better than the standard m-step one in theory and cheaper than the standard (m+1)-step one. Based on this strategy, a modified m-step iterative block Arnoldi algorithm is presented. Numerical experiments are reported to show that the modified m-step algorithm is often considerably more efficient than the standard (m+1)-step iterative one.