Comparative Analysis of Budesonide Treatments on Blood Gas and Inflammation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Remission

Objective:To investigate the effects of budesonide on blood gas and inflammation indexes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)during remission.Methods:Fifty-one patients with COPD in remission,admitted to Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University from July 2021 to December 2022,were selected and divided into two groups based on a randomized numerical table method.The control group(25 cases)received budesonide formoterol treatment,while the observation group(26 cases)received budesonide geforce treatment.Various indexes,including clinical efficacy,blood gas indexes,inflammation indexes,St.George’s Respiratory Questionnaire(SGRQ)scores,Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test(CAT)scores,and 6-minute Walking Distance Test(6MWD)results,were compared between the two groups.Results:After 21 days of treatment,the total clinical effectiveness rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).Post-treatment,the PaO2 level and pH value in both groups were higher,and the PaCO_(2) level was lower compared to pre-treatment levels.The observation group showed better improvements in these indicators than the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).SGRQ and CAT scores for both groups were lower post-treatment,with the observation group scoring lower than the control group.Additionally,the 6MWD results were farther for both groups post-treatment,with the observation group achieving greater distances than the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion:Budesonide can effectively improve blood gas indexes in patients with COPD in remission,alleviate related clinical symptoms,reduce inflammatory responses,and promote patient recovery.The treatment efficacy is significant.

Blood gas analysis as a surrogate for microhemodynamic monitoring in sepsis

BACKGROUND:Emergency patients with sepsis or septic shock are at high risk of death.Despite increasing attention to microhemodynamics,the clinical use of advanced microcirculatory assessment is limited due to its shortcomings.Since blood gas analysis is a widely used technique reflecting global oxygen supply and consumption,it may serve as a surrogate for microcirculation monitoring in septic treatment.METHODS:We performed a search using PubMed,Web of Science,and Google scholar.The studies and reviews that were most relevant to septic microcirculatory dysfunctions and blood gas parameters were identified and included.RESULTS:Based on the pathophysiology of oxygen metabolism,the included articles provided a general overview of employing blood gas analysis and its derived set of indicators for microhemodynamic monitoring in septic care.Notwithstanding flaws,several parameters are linked to changes in the microcirculation.A comprehensive interpretation of blood gas parameters can be used in order to achieve hemodynamic optimization in septic patients.CONCLUSION:Blood gas analysis in combination with clinical performance is a reliable alternative for microcirculatory assessments.A deep understanding of oxygen metabolism in septic settings may help emergency physicians to better use blood gas analysis in the evaluation and treatment of sepsis and septic shock.

Effects of Combined Inhalation of Budesonide,Formoterol,and Tiotropium Bromide on Arterial Blood Gas and Pulmonary Function Indexes in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Objective:To analyze the effect of combined inhalation of budesonide formoterol and tiotropium bromide on arterial blood gas and pulmonary function indexes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods:100 patients with COPD treated from January to December 2022 were selected as observation objects,and were divided into a control group(n=50,in which budesonide and formoterol were administered)and an experimental group(n=50,the treatment drug was budesonide formoterol combined with tiotropium bromide)according to the computer grouping method,and compared the treatment results.Results:(i)Before treatment,there was no difference in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and partial pressure of oxygen between the control group and the experimental group(P>0.05);after treatment,the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and partial pressure of oxygen in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group,with significant differences(P<0.05).(ii)Before treatment,there was no difference in forced vital capacity(FVC),forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1),FEV1/FVC between the control group and the experimental group(P>0.05);after treatment,the FVC,FEV1,and FEV1/FVC in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).(iii)There was no difference in the levels of CRP,IL-6,and TNF-αbetween the control group and the experimental group(P>0.05);after treatment,the levels of CRP,IL-6,and TNF-αin the experimental group were lower than those in the control group,with significant differences(P<0.05).(iv)Compared to the total incidence of adverse reactions in the control group(28.00%),the incidence of total adverse reactions in the experimental group was lower at 10.00%,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:The combined inhalation of budesonide and formoterol with tiotropium bromide has demonstrated a clear therapeutic efficacy and safety in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.This treatment approach effectively enhances arterial blood gas levels and lung function,showing promising potential for widespread application.

An investigation of the effects of dust storms on rat lung using HRCT and blood gas analysis

The increasing intensity and frequency of sand-dust storms in China has led to greater prominence of associated environmentaland health issues. Many studies have focused on the health effects of air particulate contaminants, but fewformal investigations have studied the effects of sand-dust storms on human and animal health. The aim of this study wasto investigate the effects of dust storms on rat lung by using high resolution computed tomography （HRCT） and blood gasanalysis through a wind tunnel simulating. We found that the rat lung damage effects can be detected by the HRCT imagingafter exposure to sand-dust storm environments, but had no obvious result through blood gas analysis. Exposure durationspositively correlated with the damage degree to lung tissue. These will provide some evidence for clinical diagnosis ofnon-occupational pneumoconiosis.

Use of sodium bicarbonate and blood gas monitoring in diabetic ketoacidosis: A review

Diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA) is a severe and toocommon complication of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Acidosis is one of the fundamental disruptions stemming from the disease process, the complications of which are potentially lethal. Hydration and insulin administration have been the cornerstones of DKA therapy; however, adjunctive treatments such as the use of sodium bicarbonate and protocols that include serial monitoring with blood gas analysis have been much more controversial. There is substantial literature available regarding the use of exogenous sodium bicarbonate in mild to moderately severe acidosis; the bulk of the data argue against significant benefit in important clinical outcomes and suggest possible adverse effects with the use of bicarbonate. However, there is scant data to support or refute the role of bicarbonate therapy in very severe acidosis. Arterial blood gas(ABG) assessment is an element of some treatment protocols, including society guidelines, for DKA. We review the evidence supporting these recommendations. In addition, we review the data supporting some less cumbersome tests, including venous blood gas assessment and routine chemistries. It remains unclear that measurement of blood gas pH, via arterial or venous sampling, impacts management of the patient substantially enough to warrant the testing, especially if sodium bicarbonate administration is not being considered. There are special circumstances when serial ABG monitoring and/or sodium bicarbonate infusion are necessary, which we also review. Additional studies are needed to determine the utility of these interventions in patients with severe DKA and pH less than 7.0.

Birthing ball on promoting cervical ripening and its influence on the labor process and the neonatal blood gas index

BACKGROUND Term pregnancy-induced labor refers to the use of artificial methods to induce uterine contractions and terminate pregnancy after 37 wk.It is a common method to prevent overdue pregnancy and to deal with high-risk pregnancies.In addition,it can alleviate maternal complications and cause the fetus to leave the adverse intrauterine environment early,which is beneficial to the outcome of pregnancy.AIM To explore the effect of a birthing ball on labor by inducing cervical ripening and its influence on labor and the neonatal blood gas index.METHODS Twenty-two women who were scheduled to undergo labor induction and delivery in the obstetrics department of our hospital were randomly divided into two groups:the delivery ball group(childbirth ball combined with COOK balloon induction)and the conventional group(COOK balloon induction alone).The cervical Bishop score before and after intervention,duration of labor at each stage,mode of delivery,neonatal umbilical venous blood pH,oxygen partial pressure(PO_(2)),carbon dioxide partial pressure(PCO_(2)),and the 1-min Apgar score were recorded.RESULTS After the intervention,the cervical Bishop score of the delivery ball group(7.84±1.52)was significantly higher than that of the conventional group(7.32±1.29)(P<0.05),and the cervical Bishop scores of the two groups after intervention were significantly higher than those before intervention(P<0.05).After the intervention,the first stage of labor(510.9±98.7 min),the second stage of labor(43.0±8.5 min),and the total duration of labor(560.0±120.9 min)in the delivery ball group were lower than those in the routine group,with a first stage of labor of 602.1±133.2 min,a second stage of labor of 48.4±9.1 min,and a total duration of labor of 656.8±148.5 min(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the time of the third stage of labor between the two groups(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the pH,PO_(2),and PCO_(2) values of newborns between the delivery ball group and the conventional group(P>0.05).The 1-min Apgar score of the delivery ball group was higher than that of the conventional group(9.10±0.38 points vs 8.94±0.31 points,P<0.05).The natural delivery rate of the delivery ball group was higher than that of the conventional group(91.00%vs 78.00%,P<0.05).CONCLUSION The use of a birthing ball combined with a COOK balloon for inducing labor has a better effect on promoting cervical ripening,shortening the time of labor,and improving the Apgar score of newborns.

Effects of Hyperventilation on Venous-Arterial Bicarbonate Concentration Difference: A Possible Pitfall in Venous Blood Gas Analysis

Objectives: Recent reports on venous blood gas analysis have shown that venous bicarbonate concentration is useful in the evaluation of the body acid-base status. Most of these reports have been based on the Bland-Altman analysis comparing arterial and venous blood gas values. We intended to elucidate any factors that decrease the agreement between venous and arterial bicarbonate concentrations, which might impair the usefulness of venous blood gas analysis. Methods: Healthy volunteers and patients with various diseases (n = 141) were evaluated by simultaneous arterial and venous blood sampling and Bland-Altman analysis. The venous-arterial bicarbonate concentration difference was compared between healthy volunteers and untreated respiratory alkalosis patients. Intentional hyperventilation (30 or 60 breaths/min, for 3 min) was also performed on 6 healthy volunteers and the venous-arterial bicarbonate concentration difference was evaluated. Results: The relative average bias in bicarbonate concentration was 2.00 mEq/l with venous bicarbonate higher than arterial bicarbonate with 95% limits of agreement of ±4.15 mEq/l. Hyperventilation challenges increased the venous-arterial bicarbonate concentration difference in an intensity-dependent manner. The venous-arterial bicarbonate concentration difference was higher in untreated respiratory alkalosis patients than in healthy volunteers (P Conclusion: Although venous bicarbonate may be useful to evaluate the body acid-base status, hyperventilation increases the venous-arterial bicarbonate concentration difference. Physicians should keep this phenomenon in mind.

Effect of blood gas analysis in patients with bed rest and blood sampling through the dorsal artery:A meta-analysis

Objective:To systematic evaluation by the dorsalis pedis artery puncture for bed patients blood gas analysis of application effect of impact.Methods:A randomized controlled trial of the effect of arterial blood extraction on blood gas analysis in PubMed,CNKI,Wanfang database and VIP database.After selecting the literature,extracting the data and evaluating the quality of the literature.Meta- analysis was carried out by RevMan 5.3 software.Results:Twelve randomized controlled trials were included and 1696 patients were enrolled.After meta-analysis,the arterial puncture can effectively improve the success of arterial puncture in patients with bed [Z = 5.78,95%CI(1.90,3.66),P<0.001],reduce the occurrence of hematoma [Z = 4.27,95%CI(0.19,0.54),P<0.001],reduce the mistaken into the vein [Z = 4.60,95%CI(0.08,0.36),P<0.001],reduce cyanosis [Z = 2.84,95%CI(0.23,0.81),P<0.008],the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion:Dorsalis pedis artery puncture can improve the success rate of blood gas analysis in bedridden patients,reduce the incidence of hematoma and the incidence of venous leakage,and can be widely used in clinical practice.

Effects of Suhuang Zhike Capsule on Pulmonary Function, Blood Gas Analysis Index, Serum PCT and CRP Expression in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Suhuang Zhike Capsule on pulmonary function, blood gas analysis index, serum PCT and CRP expression in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. METHODS: A total of 88 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admitted to the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xuancheng People's Hospital of Anhui Province from December 2014 to December 2016 were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group, with 44 cases in each group. The control group was given routine clinical treatment, and the observation group was given Suhuang Zhike Capsule on the basis of the treatment method of the control group. After 7 days' treatment, the improvement of lung function indexes were observed and evaluated before and after treatment(forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV_1), forced expiratory volume occupancy in the 1^(st) second percentage of vital capacity(FEVl/FVC), peak expiatory flow(PEF)), blood gas analysis index(Arterial oxygen partial pressure(PaO_2) and arterial blood carbon dioxide partial pressure(PaCO_2), oxygenation index(OI)) and serum cytokine levels(procalcitonin(PCT) and C reactive protein(CRP). RESULTS: The total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P < 0.05). The FEV_1, FEV_1/FVC and PEF in 2 groups were significantly increased after the treatment(P < 0.05), and the above lung function indexes in the observation group were significantly higher than the control group(P < 0.05). PaO_2 and OI were significantly increased after the treatment(P < 0.05), PaCO_2 was significantly decreased after the treatment(P < 0.05), and the improvement of above blood gas analysis indexes were significantly superior of the observation group than the control group(P < 0.05). The serum PCT and CRP levels in 2 groups were significantly decreased after the treatment(P < 0.05), and the improvement in the observation group were more significant than that in the control group(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Suhuang Zhike Capsule can inhibit serum inflammatory cytokine levels in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, improve blood gas analysis indicators, and improve lung functions.

Clinical significance of coagulation function combined with blood gas analysis and serum NT-proBNP detection in COPD patients

Objective:To investigate the clinical significance of coagulation function, blood gas analysis and serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level detection in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods: A total of 98 cases of COPD patients were selected and divided per different disease courses. For COPD acute exacerbation (AECOPD) stage, 53 patients were selected and set as group A. 45 cases of COPD patients in COPD stable stage were set as group B, and 50 cases of healthy people who received physical examination in our hospital in the corresponding period were collected and set as healthy controls (group C). Levels of PT, APTT, TT, Fbg, D-D, PaCO2, PaO2 and serum NT-proBNP in the whole 3 groups of patients were detected. Differences of index levels among the 3 groups and between before and after treatment in AECOPD patients were compared separately. The correlations of NT-proBNP, coagulation relevant indexes and arterial blood gas relevant indexes were analyzed.Results: (1) PT, APTT in group A and PT, APTT in group B were obviously longer than which in group C, and group A showed more significant variations. (2) Fbg, D-D, PaCO2, NT-proBNP in group A and Fbg, D-D, PaCO2, NT-proBNP in group B were obviously higher than which in group C;But PaO2 in group A and PaO2 in group B were significantly lower than which in group C;Group A showed more significant variations. (3) After treatment, PT and APTT in AECOPD patients were shorter than which before treatment, Fbg, D-D, PaCO2 and NT-proBNP were lower than before treatment, but PaO2 was higher than before treatment. (4) TT in group A were significantly longer than in group C, and differences showed no significance on comparison of TT between patients of group A and B, B and C and within A before and after treatment. (5) NT-proBNP in COPD patients showed significantly positive correlation separately with APTT, Fbg, D-D and PaCO2, showed significantly negative correlation with PaO2, but showed no obvious correlation with PT.Conclusion: Coagulation function and blood gas analysis combined with serum NT-proBNP level detection could better judge the severity of COPD. It shows significant reference value on clinical diagnosis, disease monitoring and evaluation for COPD patients.

Lung ultrasound score evaluation of the effect of pressure-controlled ventilation volume-guaranteed on patients undergoing laparoscopicassisted radical gastrectomy

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic-assisted radical gastrectomy(LARG)is the standard treatment for early-stage gastric carcinoma(GC).However,the negative impact of this proce-dure on respiratory function requires the optimized intraoperative management of patients in terms of ventilation.AIM To investigate the influence of pressure-controlled ventilation volume-guaranteed(PCV-VG)and volume-controlled ventilation(VCV)on blood gas analysis and pulmonary ventilation in patients undergoing LARG for GC based on the lung ultrasound score(LUS).METHODS The study included 103 patients with GC undergoing LARG from May 2020 to May 2023,with 52 cases undergoing PCV-VG(research group)and 51 cases undergoing VCV(control group).LUS were recorded at the time of entering the operating room(T0),20 minutes after anesthesia with endotracheal intubation(T1),30 minutes after artificial pneumoperitoneum(PP)establishment(T2),and 15 minutes after endotracheal tube removal(T5).For blood gas analysis,arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO_(2))and partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO_(2))were observed.Peak airway pressure(P_(peak)),plateau pressure(Pplat),mean airway pressure(P_(mean)),and dynamic pulmonary compliance(C_(dyn))were recorded at T1 and T2,1 hour after PP establishment(T3),and at the end of the operation(T4).Postoperative pulmonary complications(PPCs)were recorded.Pre-and postoperative serum interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS Compared with those at T0,the whole,anterior,lateral,posterior,upper,lower,left,and right lung LUS of the research group were significantly reduced at T1,T2,and T5;in the control group,the LUS of the whole and partial lung regions(posterior,lower,and right lung)decreased significantly at T2,while at T5,the LUS of the whole and some regions(lateral,lower,and left lung)increased significantly.In comparison with the control group,the whole and regional LUS of the research group were reduced at T1,T2,and T5,with an increase in PaO_(2),decrease in PaCO_(2),reduction in P_(peak) at T1 to T4,increase in P_(mean) and C_(dyn),and decrease in Pplat at T4,all significant.The research group showed a significantly lower incidence of PPCs than the control group within 3 days postoperatively.Postoperative IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-αsignificantly increased in both groups,with even higher levels in the control group.CONCLUSION LUS can indicate intraoperative non-uniformity and postural changes in pulmonary ventilation under PCV-VG and VCV.Under the lung protective ventilation strategy,the PCV-VG mode more significantly improved intraop-erative lung ventilation in patients undergoing LARG for GC and reduced lung injury-related cytokine production,thereby alleviating lung injury.

Effects of naloxone hydrochloride on pulmonary function, blood gas changes and inflammatory factors in patients with COPD combined with respiratory failure

Objective: To investigate the effects of naloxone hydrochloride on pulmonary function, blood gas changes and inflammatory factors in patients with COPD combined with respiratory failure. Methods: According to random data table method, 80 cases of COPD combined with respiratory failure were randomly divided into the control group (n=40) and observation group (n=40), patients in the control group were treated with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on the basis of routine symptomatic treatment, on the basis of the treatment of the control group, the observation group received naloxone hydrochloride therapy. The levels of pulmonary function, blood gas changes and inflammatory factors were compared in two groups before and after treatment. Results: The levels of serum FEV1, FVC, PEF, PaCO2, PaO2, PaO2/FiO2, TNF-α and PCT in the two groups before treatment were not statistically significant. After treatment, the levels of FEV1, FVC, PEF in the control group and observation group were (70.01±0.36)%, (2.16±0.41) L, (2.98±0.45) L/s and (81.71±0.53)%, (3.65±0.55) L, (4.36±0.43) L/s, which were significantly higher than those in the same group before treatment, and the levels in observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group;the levels of PaCO2, PaO2 and PaO22/FiO2 in the two groups were (59.62±6.47) mmHg, (65.53±7.36) mmHg, (323.89±10.47) and (46.59±6.64) mmHg, (73.65±8.26) mmHg, (398.64±14.06), compared with the same group before treatment, PaCO2 levels were significantly lower in both groups, and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group, PaO2,PaO2/FiO2 levels were significantly increased in both groups, and the observation group was significantly higher than the control group;the levels of TNF-α, PCT in the two groups were (23.28±4.53) pg/mL, (5.22±2.13) ng/mL and (16.61±4.12) pg/mL, (2.07±1.21) ng/mL, which were significantly lower than those in the same group before treatment, moreover, the observation group levels were significantly lower than those in the control group. Conclusion:Treatment of COPD with respiratory failure by naloxone hydrochloride can effectively reduce the level of inflammatory factors, and improved lung function and blood gas levels, which has important clinical value.

Effect of adjuvant noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on blood gas parameters, cardiac function and inflammatory state in patients with COPD and type II respiratory failure

Objective:T o analyze the effect of adjuvant noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on blood gas parameters, cardiac function and inflammatory state in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and type II respiratory failure. Methods:90 patients with COPD and type II respiratory failure were randomly divided into observation group and control group (n=45). Control group received conventional therapy, observation group received conventional therapy+adjuvant noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, and differences in blood gas parameters, cardiac function, inflammatory state, etc., were compared between two groups of patients 2 weeks after treatment. Results:Arterial blood gas parameters pH and alveolar-arterial partial pressure of oxygen [P(A-a)O2] levels of observation group were higher than those of control group while, potassium ion (K+), chloride ion (Cl-) and carbon dioxide combining power (CO2CP) levels were lower than those of control group 2 weeks after treatment;echocardiography parameters Doppler-derived tricuspid lateral annular systolic velocity (DTIS) and pulmonary arterial velocity (PAV) levels were lower than those of control group (P<0.05) while pulmonary artery accelerating time (PAACT), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVDd) and right atrioventricular tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) levels were higher than those of control group (P<0.05);serum cardiac function indexes adiponectin (APN), Copeptin, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cystatin C (CysC), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and heart type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) content were lower than those of control group (P<0.05);serum inflammatory factors hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), IL-8, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) content were lower than those of control group (P<0.05). Conclusions:Adjuvant noninvasive positive pressure ventilation can optimize the blood gas parameters, cardiac function and inflammatory state in patients with COPD and type II respiratory failure, and it is of positive significance in improving the overall treatment outcome.

Modelling of the relationship between systolic blood pressure and glucose with the magnesium ion present in the blood plasma: an approach using artificial neural networks

Artificial neural networks became an attractive alternative for modeling and simulation of com- plex biological systems. In the present work, a blood plasma model based on artificial neural networks was proposed in order to evaluate the relationship between the magnesium ion pre-sent in the blood plasma and systolic blood pressure and glucose. Experimental and simu- lated data were used to construct and validate the model. It performed the analysis consider-ing the systolic blood pressure and glucose as a function of magnesium ion concentration at a fixed temperature (37oC). Predictions of these relationships through the proposed model produced errors, on average, below 1% com-pared against experimental data not presented in the training step. The proposed methodology revealed quantitative results and correctly pre-dicted behaviors and trends towards the asso-ciation between magnesium concentrations and systolic blood pressure, and glucose in far agreement with experimental results from lit-erature. These results indicated that artificial neural networks can successfully learn the complexity of the relationships among bio-logical parameters of distinct groups and can be used as a complementary tool to assist studies in which the role of magnesium in systolic blood pressure and glucose are con-sidered.

美国MEDICA Easy Blood Gas血气分析仪维修的几点体会

本文总结了针对美国MEDICAEasyBloodGas血气分析仪毛细血管血进样通道堵塞故障 ,阀组件故障 ,试剂包故障、前置放大器故障维修的体会 。

Study on the Blood Gas Sensor Based on Optical Absorption Technology

Continuous intra-arterial blood gas monitoring is used clinically in hospital and intensive care unit settings.The blood gas can be detected by the colormetric indicators which are sealed in the silicone membrane.The glass tubing of the sensor should be as thin as possible since it affects response time and the bicarbonate buffer shifts the sensitivity of the sensor. In this paper,the sensitivity shifts by the bicarbonate buffer was researched.When carbon dioxide diffuses into the indicator, the carbon acid is produced and the bicarbonate buffer is used to control internal acidity.Because the sensitivity of the pCO_2 sensor is increased by controlling the concentration of the bicarbonate buffer,the bicarbonate buffer is used to obtain the optimum resolution in this investigation.Moreover,the different concentrations of the bicarbonate buffer for blood gas measurements are discussed in detail.

Determination of Magnesium in whole Blood and Serum of Ischemic Heart Disease(IHD) Patients by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of magnesium in whole blood and serum of ischemic heart disease patients and control with different ages and sex was proposed. The limiting interfering phosphate/magnesium ratio have been estimates.2%w/v AlCl3.6H2O was found to be very influential in removing phosphate interference effects. The detection limit was 0.065 μg/mL .Magnesium added to blood and serum sample, and carried through this method may be recovered completely (96% - 100%) recovery percentage. The suggested method is simple, fast and selective. The statistical analysis of magnesium levels in blood and serum showed that blood and serum magnesium levels in patients were lower than magnesium contents of control group. Magnesium levels in blood and serum of males were significantly lower than females and the magnesium levels were age independent. These findings indicates that there was an association between blood and serum magnesium deficiency which can induce an entire array of path physiological phenomena known to be important in ischemic heart disease.

Effects of Imidapril on Venous Blood Gas Values in Broiler Chickens Exposed to Low Ambient Temperature

ObjectiveThis study was designed to evaluate the effects of imidapril on blood gas parameters in broiler chickens. MethodTwenty-four chickens were randomly divided into three groups (n=8), control group, low temperature group and imidapril group. Chickens in low temperature group and imidapril group were exposed to low ambient temperature (12-18 ℃) from age at 14 d to 45 d, whereas the control group was exposed to 24-30 ℃; chickens in imidapril group were gavaged with imidapril (3 mg/kg) once daily for 30 d. At age of 45 d, blood was taken from wing vein and blood gas parameters were evaluated by blood gas analyzer in Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University. ResultImidapril significantly increased hematocrit (HCT) and total hemoglobin content (T HBC ) and blood Na concentration in broiler chickens exposed to low ambient temperature. No significant differences were observed in pH, P CO 2 , P O 2 , K + , Ca 2+ , HCO 3-, HCO 3std , T CO 2 , BE and SO 2c . ConclusionImidapril increases hematocrit, total hemoglobin content and blood Na + concentration in chickens exposed to low ambient temperature.

Effects of Mild Hyperthermia Treatment Using Nano-Mist Sauna on Blood Gas Parameters and Skin Appearance

Physicians often observe patients’ complexion (their natural skin color) as an indicator of health. The complexion may depend on the internal environment, however, very few researchers studied its evidence. We previously reported various benefits of a mild hyperthermia treatment on human health using the nano-mist sauna (NMS), including acceleration of gas exchange (O2 and CO2) in the venous blood, enhancement of immunity, and the modulation of autonomic nervous system. However, the effects of NMS on skin appearance are unknown. There is a historical and widespread belief that mild hyperthermic treatments such as hot springs are good for improving skin appearance. However, the effect of NMS on the skin appearance has not been examined. In the present study, we examined the color of venous blood using the CIELAB (a color space specified by the French Commission internationale de l’éclairage) method, and then compared the color changes before and after NMS stimulation. Next, we examined correlations of blood gas parameters with color elements of the venous blood, which are highly dependent on oxygen. Our results suggest that the colors and appearance of the face depend on the internal environment, because there are numerous vessels under the skin. Thus, the color of the venous blood may provide medical evidence of changes in complexion. This new method may be useful for assessment of medical complexion by physicians, for use in determining internal health based on skin color information.

Can venous blood gas analysis be used for predicting seizure recurrence in emergency department?

BACKGROUND:Epileptic seizures account for 1%–2% of all admissions of patients to the emergency department(ED). The present study aimed to determine whether venous blood pH,bicarbonate,base excess,and lactate levels taken within 1 hour of the last seizure episode help to determine seizure recurrence in emergency departments.METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted in the emergency department(ED) between January and July,2012. Patients who were admitted to the emergency department consecutively were included in the study if they were 14 years or older and within 1 hour after last seizure. Demographics,seizure type,use of antiepileptic drugs,observation period at the emergency department,seizure recurrence,pH,bicarbonate,base excess,and lactate levels from venous blood gas analysis were determined.RESULTS:A total of 94 patients aged 14 years or older were included in the study. Of these patients,10.6%(n=10) experienced recurrent seizures in the observation period at the emergency department. To predict recurrent seizures in ED,threshold venous blood gas values were determined as follows:pH<7.245 [sensitivity 80%(95%CI:44–96),negative predictive value 96.9%(95%CI:88.3–99.4)],bicarbonate<17.1 mmol/L [sensitivity 80%(95%CI:44–96),negative predictive value 97%(95%CI:89–99.5)],base excess<–11.1 mEq/L [sensitivity 80%(95%CI:44–96),negative predictive value 97%(95%CI:89–99)],and lactate>7.65 mmol/L [sensitivity 80%(95%CI:44–96),negative predictive value 96.6%(95%CI:87–99)].CONCLUSION:If venous blood gas analysis is made on pH,base excess,lactate and bicarbonate immediately one hour after the last epileptic seizure episode,it is possible to predict whether the patient will have seizure recurrence.