Parboiled rice supplementation alleviates high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia by regulating genes and gut microbiota in mice

Dietary parboiled rice(PR)has a low risk of disease,but little is known about the contribution of PR to the prevention of hyperlipidemia.The potential role and underlying mechanisms of PR in hyperlipidemia were evaluated in this study.Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with a normal diet,high-fat diet(HFD)containing refined rice(HFDRR)or PR(HFDPR).It was found that PR intervention improved lipid accumulation in mice.Transcriptomic data analysis revealed that 27 genes were up-regulated(mostly involved in lipid breakdown)and 86 genes were down-regulated(mostly involved in inflammatory responses)in the HFDPR group compared to the HFDRR group.And 15 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were validated by quantitative real-time PCR(RT-qPCR),while protein interaction network showed that protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C(PTPRC)has a central role.The gut microbiota of mice was also altered after different dietary treatments,with higher ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes,increased abundances of Ruminococcaceae,Lachnospiraceae,Christensenellaceae,Porphyromonadaceae,Rikenellaceae and Prevotellaceae,and decreased abundances of Lactobacillaceae,Peptostreptococcaceae,Erysipelotrichaceae and Actinobacteria in the HFDRR group.In addition,it was observed that PPAR signaling pathway may act as a bridge between DEGs and differential gut microbiota.These results suggested that PR can prevent hyperlipidemia by modulating liver genes and gut microbiota.

Effect of dates on blood glucose and lipid profile among patients with type 2 diabetes

Poor fruit and vegetable consumption is one of the 10 major risk factors for mortality.There is a misconception regarding the consumption of dates among patients with diabetes.This manuscript assessed the effects of date consumption on fasting and postprandial blood glucose,glycated hemoglobin,total cholesterol,triglycerides,low-density lipoproteins,high-density lipoproteins,and microbial markers.Four literature databases were searched for relevant articles.Of the 595 studies retrieved,24 assessed the effects of dates on glycemic control and lipids.Overall,the evidence suggests that dates have a lowering effect on blood glucose.Dates reduce total cholesterol and triglyceride levels and increase high-density lipoprotein levels.Dates also promote the abundance of beneficial gut microbiota.Therefore,patients with diabetes and dyslipidemia can consume dates to reduce their blood glucose,cholesterol,and triglycerides.

Effects of Radix Puerariae, Radix Rehmanniae and Their Compatibility on Blood Glucose and Blood Lipids in Mice

[Objectives]To explore the effects of the compatibility of Radix Puerariae and Radix Rehmanniae on blood glucose and blood lipids in diabetic mouses.[Methods]Diabetic mouse model was established.The body weight and fasting blood glucose of mice were measured after 7 and 14 d of administration,and the biochemical indicators of blood lipids(TC,HDL-C,and LDL-C)were detected after 14 d of administration.[Results]Compared with the Radix Puerariae group and Radix Rehmanniae group,the compatibility group(1:2)had the best hypoglycemic effect(P<0.05),and TC and LDL-C in the compatibility group(2:1)significantly decreased(P<0.05),while HDL-C in the compatibility group(1:1)significantly increased(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Radix Puerariae,Radix Rehmanniae and their combination can reduce the blood glucose of diabetic mice.The compatibility group(1:2)had a significant hypoglycemic effect(P<0.05),and LDL-C in the compatibility group(2:1)significantly declined,while HDL-C in the compatibility group(1:1)rose significantly.

Lowering of Blood Lipid Levels with a Combination of Pitavastatin and Ezetimibe in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease:A Meta-Analysis

Objectives:According to the findings of randomized controlled trials,blood lipid levels in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)can be significantly decreased through a combination of pitavastatin and ezetimibe;however,the effects and clinical applications of this treatment remain controversial.This meta-analysis was aimed at objectively assessing the efficacy and safety of pitavastatin and ezetimibe in lowering blood lipid levels.Design:Relevant studies were retrieved from electronic databases,including PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,VIP,and WanFang Data,from database inception to June 8,2022.The lev-els of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,total cholesterol,triglycerides,and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients’serum after treatment were the primary endpoint.Results:Nine randomized controlled trials(2586 patients)met the inclusion criteria.The meta-analysis indi-cated that pitavastatin plus ezetimibe resulted in significantly lower levels of LDL-C[standardized mean difference(SMD)=−0.86,95%confidence interval(CI)(−1.15 to−0.58),P<0.01],TC[SMD=−0.84,95%CI(−1.10 to−0.59),P<0.01],and TG[SMD=−0.59,95%CI(−0.89 to−0.28),P<0.01]than pitavastatin alone.Conclusions:Pitavastatin plus ezetimibe significantly decreased serum LDL-C,TC,and TG levels in patients with CHD.

补肾通脉方对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死PCI术后凝血-纤溶系统及血脂的影响

目的:观察补肾通脉方对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)术后凝血-纤溶系统及血脂的影响。方法:选取2017年3月—2020年3月南京中医药大学附属徐州中医院收治的92例急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者,按照随机分组的方法,将其分为对照组和治疗组,各46例。入组患者均给予标准化内科治疗,治疗组在标准治疗的基础上加用补肾通脉方。观察两组治疗前后纤维蛋白原(FIB)、抗凝血酶Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ)、组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)、纤溶酶原活化物抑制剂1(PAI-1)、可溶性白细胞分化抗原40配体(sCD40L)、可溶性细胞间黏附因子-1(sICAM-1)及血脂的变化。结果:治疗前,两组FIB、AT-Ⅲ、t-PA、PAI-1水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组FIB、PAI-1水平下降,AT-Ⅲ、t-PA水平升高,治疗组FIB、PAI-1水平低于对照组,AT-Ⅲ、t-PA水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组sCD40L、sICAM-1水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组sCD40L、sICAM-1水平均显著下降,治疗组sCD40L、sICAM-1水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组TC、TG、LDL-C水平均显著下降,HDL-C升高,治疗组TC、TG、LDL-C水平低于对照组,HDL-C水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在标准化内科治疗基础上加用补肾通脉方能够改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者PCI术后高凝状态,调节患者体内凝血-纤溶系统平衡,控制炎症反应,降低血脂水平。

基于Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1信号通路研究当归醇提物对多囊卵巢综合征大鼠的保护作用

目的使用来曲唑联合高脂饮食建立多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovarian syndrome,PCOS)大鼠模型,探讨当归醇提物(ethanol extract of Angelicae Sinensis Radix,EEA)对PCOS大鼠的保护作用及其作用机制。方法来曲唑联合高脂饮食诱导雌性SD大鼠建立PCOS模型,并用EEA干预。阴道涂片染色、HE染色、酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)和生化指标检测评价EEA对PCOS大鼠的治疗作用,并通过荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)和Western blot检测EEA对Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1信号通路的影响。结果阴道涂片和HE染色结果表明,EEA改善了PCOS大鼠动情周期紊乱和卵巢组织病变,ELISA和生化指标检测结果表明EEA可以调节激素紊乱,改善血脂异常;且在模型组中Keap1蛋白和mRNA表达明显上调,Nrf2和HO-1蛋白和mRNA表达明显下调而经过EEA治疗后Keap1蛋白和mRNA表达明显下调,Nrf2和HO-1蛋白和mRNA表达明显上调(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论EEA可以减轻大鼠PCOS,其机制可能是通过促进Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1信号通路,从而抑制氧化应激。

黄连解毒汤对ApoE^(-/-)小鼠动脉粥样硬化炎症及主动脉斑块稳定性作用的机制研究

目的观察黄连解毒汤对ApoE^(-/-)小鼠主动脉粥样硬化炎症及斑块稳定性的影响,探讨黄连解毒汤治疗主动脉斑块稳定性的作用机制。方法将36只ApoE^(-/-)小鼠随机分为空白组,模型组,黄连解毒汤低、中、高剂量组,阿托伐他汀组,每组6只。模型组及给药组ApoE^(-/-)小鼠给予高脂饮食构建主动脉粥样硬化模型8周后,黄连解毒汤低、中、高剂量组小鼠分别按10、20、40 g/(kg·d)剂量给予黄连解毒汤;阿托伐他汀组小鼠按10 mg/(kg·d)剂量给予阿托伐他汀;空白组、模型组给予等量的蒸馏水。每日灌胃1次,共8周。第16周末采集标本,采用苏木精—伊红染色观察各组小鼠主动脉内膜的组织形态;半自动生化分析仪检测各组小鼠血清总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)、低密度脂蛋白—胆固醇(low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,LDL-C)及高密度脂蛋白—胆固醇(high density lipoprotein-cholesterol,HDL-C)水平;采用ELISA法检测各组白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-10(interleukin-10,IL-10)含量;组织学特殊病理染色技术测定斑块内巨噬细胞含量、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA)细胞含量、斑块内胶原纤维含量及斑块内脂质含量,从而计算斑块不稳定指数(vulnerability index,VI)。结果黄连解毒汤能明显改善小鼠主动脉管壁的病理变化。与空白组比较,模型组小鼠血清TC、TG、LDL-C水平均显著上升(P<0.05),HDL-C水平显著下降(P<0.05);IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α含量均显著增加(P<0.05),IL-10含量显著减少(P<0.05);VI显著增加(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,黄连解毒汤中、高剂量组小鼠血清TG、TC、LDL-C水平均显著下降(P<0.05),HDL-C水平显著上升(P<0.05);IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α含量均显著减少(P<0.05),IL-10含量显著增加(P<0.05);各给药组小鼠主动脉内膜斑块VI均显著减少(P<0.05)。黄连解毒汤高剂量组改善上述指标的效果与阿托伐他汀组相当(P>0.05)。结论黄连解毒汤对动脉粥样硬化ApoE^(-/-)小鼠主动脉血管内炎症反应及斑块稳定性具有一定的改善作用,且呈剂量依赖性,其机制可能与降低血脂水平、缓解炎症损伤有关。

土鳖虫化学成分和药理作用的研究进展及其质量标志物(Q-Marker)的预测分析

土鳖虫是我国传统中药,分布于河南、河北、江苏、湖南等地,具有破血逐瘀、续筋接骨的功效。土鳖虫中化学成分种类丰富,主要包括蛋白质及多肽类、氨基酸类、脂肪酸类、生物碱、无机元素、核苷类等。现代药理研究表明,土鳖虫具备抗凝血并防止血栓形成、调节血脂的作用,此外,还具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、增强免疫力、抗氧化等作用。近年来,土鳖虫等动物类中药在临床应用方面备受关注。本文对土鳖虫化学成分和药理作用的研究现状进行总结,在此基础上分析功效作用与化学成分之间的联系,发现蛋白质及多肽类成分与抗凝血、调血脂作用关联紧密,生物碱类成分与抗菌抗炎作用相关。并从传统功效、现代药理、化学成分可测性、中药配伍等角度预测分析其质量标志物(quality marker,Q-Marker),初步确定土鳖虫活性肽组分、纤溶活性蛋白、脂肪酸类成分、生物碱、核苷类成分等可作为其质量标志物。中药质量标志物的研究为鉴定土鳖虫的真假优劣提供依据,也为后续开发土鳖虫新剂型、制定质量标准提供理论基础。

依洛尤单抗联合阿托伐他汀对急性冠脉综合征患者PCI术后疗效及血清sLOX-1、TP53表达的影响

目的探讨依洛尤单抗联合他汀降脂法对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后疗效及血清可溶性血凝素样氧化低密度脂蛋白受体-1(sLOX-1)、肿瘤蛋白P53(TP53)表达的影响。方法选取2021年4月至2023年4月收治的113例行PCI术的ACS患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组(n=56)及联合组(n=57),对照组给予阿托伐他汀钙片口服治疗,联合组给予阿托伐他汀钙片口服联合皮下注射依洛尤单抗注射液治疗,均连续治疗6个月,比较2组治疗疗效、不良反应发生率、随访6个月后的主要不良心血管事件(MACE),以及治疗前后的血清血脂水平及sLOX-1、TP53水平变化。结果联合组的总有效率为94.74%,明显高于对照组的80.36%(P<0.05);治疗后,2组TC、TG、LDL-C水平均低于治疗前,且联合组低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后,2组血清sLOX-1、TP53水平均显著下降,且联合组低于对照组(P<0.05);对照组与联合组的不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);随访6个月,联合组MACE总发生率8.77%,明显低于对照组的19.64%(P<0.05)。结论PCI术后使用依洛尤单抗联合他汀降脂法可提高ACS治疗疗效,有效降低患者血脂水平和MACE发生率,减轻其炎性反应,且安全性较高。

原发性肾病综合征儿童血清Apelin-13 FOXO1表达水平及其临床意义

目的探究原发性肾病综合征儿童血清Apelin-13、FOXO1表达水平及其临床意义。方法选取2019年1月至2022年12月在本院收治的183例原发性肾病综合征儿童作为研究组。另选取同时期在本院体检的185名体检健康的儿童作为对照组,苏木精-伊红(ELISA)法检测血清Apelin-13、FOX-O1水平;采用Pearson法分析Apelin-13、FOXO1水平与血脂指标的关系;使用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析Apelin-13、FOXO1对原发性肾病综合征的诊断价值;多因素Logistic回归分析影响原发性肾病综合征发生的危险因素。结果与对照组比较,研究组患儿血清Apelin-13水平降低,甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白(apo)B、FOXO1水平升高(P<0.05);与研究组治疗前比较,治疗后血清Apelin-13水平升高,TG、TC、LDL-C、apoB、FOXO1水平降低(P<0.05);Pearson相关性分析表明,原发性肾病综合征患儿血清Apelin-13与TG、TC、LDL-C、apoB均呈负相关,FOXO1与TG、TC、LDL-C、apoB均呈正相关(P<0.05);ROC曲线分析表明,Apelin-13、FOXO1诊断原发性肾病综合征发生的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.795、0.734,二者联合诊断的AUC为0.920;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,Apelin-13与FOX-O1是影响原发性肾病综合征发生的危险因素。结论原发性肾病综合征儿童血清Apelin-13呈低表达、FOXO1呈高表达,二者与血脂水平有关,并且对原发性肾病综合征具有一定的诊断价值。

Altered Levels of Blood Glucose and Serum Lipids in Sudanese Patients with Ovarian Cancer

Background: The etiology of ovarian cancer is not well-understood;numerous metabolomics profiling, epidemiological, and hospital-based case control studies have associated abnormal levels of blood glucose and serum lipids with the risk and the prognosis of various types of cancers including ovarian cancer. The association between the risk of the incidence of ovarian cancer and the alterations in the levels of blood glucose and serum lipids is not well defined. Objective: In this study we aimed to compare the levels of blood glucose, triacylglycerols, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with different stages of ovarian cancer and healthy controls to determine how they relate to the risk and prognosis of ovarian cancer. Methodology: In a case-control cross sectional study, we enrolled ninety-nine Sudanese women, diagnosed with ovarian cancer but had not received any kind of treatment as the study group, and a control group of forty-one age-matched, apparently healthy women. The patients were classified according to the International Federation of Obstetricians and Gynecologists staging system into two groups: early stages (stage I & II) and late stages (stages III & IV). Blood glucose and serum lipids;triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were determined by enzymatic colorimetric methods using commercially available analytical kits. The IBM SPSS version 20 software was used for statistical analysis. A Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of the median concentrations of blood glucose, triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the study groups. Logistic regression model was used to estimate the relative risk of ovarian cancer in relation to levels of blood glucose and serum lipids. P value of 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Our data indicated significantly higher levels of blood glucose (p < 0.001), triacylglycerols (p = 0.002), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.001), and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.023), in ovarian cancer patients compared to the control subjects. No significant difference was found in the levels of blood glucose or any of the serum lipids between patients in the early stages (stage I & II) and those in late stages (stage III & IV) of ovarian cancer. The logistic regression analysis indicated significant association between the elevated levels of the blood glucose, triacylglycerols and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the risk of the ovarian cancer. Conclusion: We conclude that the levels of blood glucose, triacylglycerols, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol differ significantly between ovarian cancer patients and the healthy control subjects. The risk of ovarian cancer was positively associated with the levels of blood glucose, triacylglycerols and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and negatively associated with levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Therefore, determination of blood glucose and serum lipids, particularly, triacylglycerols, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol may be helpful as diagnostic indicators of ovarian cancer (OC).

三子养亲汤对正常高值血压痰湿壅盛证大鼠PPARα/CPT-1通路的影响

目的:基于过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPARα)/肉毒碱棕榈酰基转移酶-1(CPT-1)通路探究三子养亲汤对正常高值血压痰湿壅盛证大鼠脂质代谢的影响。方法:将50只Wistar大鼠随机分成空白组10只及造模组40只,空白组给予维持饲料,造模组采用高脂饲料饲养+高盐(6%盐水)灌胃方式制备正常高值血压痰湿壅盛证大鼠模型,造模8周,模型构建成功后将40只大鼠随机分为模型组及三子养亲汤低、中、高剂量组,每组各10只。其后,空白组给予生理盐水灌胃,造模组继续给予高脂饲料加6%盐水灌胃,同时三子养亲汤各组给予相应浓度水煎液灌胃。灌胃8周后,检测各组大鼠体质量、血压、血脂四项及肝脏生化指标,观察肝脏病理形态及脂质沉积情况,检测大鼠肝脏中PPARα、CPT-1、酰基辅酶A氧化酶(ACOX1)基因和蛋白的表达。结果:与模型组比较,三子养亲汤高剂量组体质量、血压及血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶均显著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01)。空白组大鼠肝细胞排列整齐,细胞核形态完整,无红色脂质沉积;模型组大鼠肝细胞排列不整齐,出现细胞核消失的现象,肝细胞内出现部分脂质沉积;三子养亲汤高剂量组肝细胞排列规则、细胞核完整,有较少红色脂质沉积;三子养亲汤中、低剂量组细胞核较完整,肝细胞排列较整齐,有少量红色脂质沉积。与模型组比较,三子养亲汤高剂量组PPARα、CPT-1、ACOX1蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),中剂量组ACOX1蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,三子养亲汤高剂量组PPARα、CPT-1、ACOX1mRNA水平升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),三子养亲汤低、中剂量组ACOX1mRNA水平升高(P<0.01)。结论:三子养亲汤可改善正常高值血压痰湿壅盛证大鼠体质量、血压、血脂及肝脏生化指标等。其机制可能与三子养亲汤调控PPARα/CPT-1信号通路,促进脂肪酸氧化分解,进而调控肝脏脂质代谢相关。

Retinal thickness and fundus blood flow density changes in chest pain subjects with dyslipidemia

AIM:To assess the retinal thickness and fundus blood flow density changes in chest pain patients with dyslipidemia using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).METHODS:All subjects with chest pain as the main symptom accepted a comprehensive ophthalmological examination.According to the serum lipid levels,the participants were divided into the control group and the dyslipidemia group.The retina thickness and fundus blood flow density were determined using OCTA.RESULTS:The study enrolled 87 left eyes from 87 adults with dyslipidemia and 87 left eyes from age-and sexmatched participants without dyslipidemia.The retina of dyslipidemia subjects was significantly thinner than that of the controls in the inferior(P=0.004 and P=0.014,respectively)and temporal(P=0.015 and P=0.019,respectively)regions,both inner and outer layers.In terms of blood flow density in the macula or optic disk,there was a decreasing trend in the dyslipidemia group compared with the control group,especially in the inferior and temporal regions.CONCLUSION:Dyslipidemia may contribute to the decrease in retinal thickness and fundus blood flow density.Further validation of the association between abnormal lipid metabolism and fundus microcirculation alterations needs to be carried out in chest pain patients.

Effect of crude-herb moxibustion on blood lipids in rats with dyslipidemia

Objective:To evaluate the lipid-regulating effect of crude-herb moxibustion on rats with dyslipidemia.Methods:Fifty-four SpragueeDawley rats were randomly divided into six groups with nine rats each.Control group rats were fed a normal diet,and bilateral acu-point Fenglong(equivalent to ST40 in humans)on the hind legs were covered with a placebo(general mucilage)for 2 hours each day.Model group rats were fed a high-lipid diet for 2 weeks.Therapy group rats were fed a high-lipid diet for 2 weeks and then administered crude-herb moxibustion at ST40 for 2 hours each day for the next 2 weeks.Prevention group rats were administered crude-herb moxibustion 2 hours a day for 2 weeks and then fed a high-lipid diet for the subsequent 2 weeks.Prevention/Therapy group rats were each administered crude-herb moxibustion at ST40 for 2 hours each day for 2 weeks,followed by a high-lipid diet for the next 2 weeks,and then crude-herb moxibustion again at ST40 for another 2 weeks.Simvastatin group rats were fed a high-lipid diet for 2 weeks and then treated with simvastatin for the next 2 weeks.Blood lipids,hepatosomatic indices(HSIs)and epididymal fat pad weights of all rats were examined.Results:Compared with the Model group,levels of total cholesterol(TC),glycerinate,lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(VLDL-C)in plasma collected from the Therapy group,the Prevention/Therapy group,and the Simvastatin group were decreased.Moreover,compared with the Model group,HSIs in Therapy group rats were also decreased following administration of crude-herb moxibustion,but TC,TG,HDLC,LDL-C,and VLDL-C levels in the Prevention group were higher than those in the Model group.Conclusion:The results reveal that blood lipids and HSIs appear to be modulated by the effect of crude-herb moxibustion and suggest therapeutic strategies for the treatment of dyslipidemia.

Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine promotes lipid uptake of macrophage via cluster of differentiation 36 and receptor for advanced glycation end products

BACKGROUND Advanced glycation end products(AGEs)are diabetic metabolic toxic products that cannot be ignored.Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine(CML),a component of AGEs,could increase macrophage lipid uptake,promote foam cell formation,and thereby accelerate atherosclerosis.The receptor for AGEs(RAGE)and cluster of differentiation 36(CD36)were the receptors of CML.However,it is still unknown whether RAGE and CD36 play key roles in CML-promoted lipid uptake.AIM Our study aimed to explore the role of RAGE and CD36 in CML-induced macrophage lipid uptake.METHODS In this study,we examined the effect of CML on lipid uptake by Raw264.7 macrophages.After adding 10 mmol/L CML,the lipid accumulation in macrophages was confirmed by oil red O staining.Expression changes of CD36 and RAGE were detected with immunoblotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.The interaction between CML with CD36 and RAGE was verified by immunoprecipitation.We synthesized a novel N-succinimidyl-4-18Ffluorobenzoate-CML radioactive probe.Radioactive receptor-ligand binding assays were performed to test the binding affinity between CML with CD36 and RAGE.The effects of blocking CD36 or RAGE on CML-promoting lipid uptake were also detected.RESULTS The study revealed that CML significantly promoted lipid uptake by macrophages.Immunoprecipitation and radioactive receptor-ligand binding assays indicated that CML could specifically bind to both CD36 and RAGE.CML had a higher affinity for CD36 than RAGE.ARG82,ASN71,and THR70 were the potential interacting amino acids that CD36 binds to CML Anti-CD36 and anti-RAGE could block the uptake of CML by macrophages.The lipid uptake promotion effect of CML was significantly attenuated after blocking CD36 or RAGE.CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the binding of CML with CD36 and RAGE promotes macrophage lipid uptake.

调脂通脉颗粒对原发性高血压伴颈动脉粥样硬化患者血脂水平及血清RBP-4、SPARC的影响

目的 观察调脂通脉颗粒对原发性高血压伴颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)患者血脂水平及血清视黄醇结合蛋白-4(RBP-4)、富含半胱氨酸的酸性分泌蛋白(SPARC)的影响。方法 前瞻性选取2021年5月至2023年5月于北京中医药大学房山医院收治的116例原发性高血压伴CAS患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组和试验组,每组各58例。两组均给予苯磺酸氨氯地平片、辛伐他汀片治疗,试验组在常规基础上给予调脂通脉颗粒治疗,对照组在常规基础上给予安慰剂治疗,连续用药4周。检测并比较两组治疗前和治疗4周后的血脂[总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)]、RBP-4、SPARC、脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)、颈动脉血流动力学[颈总动脉舒张期峰流速(EDV)、收缩期峰流速(PSV)、搏动指数和阻力指数]水平、颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)、斑块厚度及中医症状评分,并记录两组患者治疗期间的不良反应发生情况。结果 治疗4周后,试验组总胆固醇、甘油三酯、LDL-C水平分别为(4.21±0.69)、(1.87±0.31)、(2.21±0.42) mmol/L,均低于对照组[(4.89±0.81)、(2.24±0.39)、(2.67±0.54) mmol/L],HDL-C水平为(1.32±0.30)mmol/L,高于对照组[(1.21±0.27)mmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗4周后,试验组RBP-4、SPARC、Lp-PLA2水平分别为(36.58±5.77) mg/L、(2.16±0.35) ng/mL、(163.32±38.74) ng/L,均低于对照组[(43.86±6.95) mg/L、(2.31±0.40) ng/mL、(180.74±45.61) ng/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组治疗4周后EDV、PSV分别为(24.52±2.27)、(67.27±5.27) cm/s,均高于对照组[(22.14±2.30)、(59.13±5.04) cm/s],搏动指数、阻力指数分别为0.65±0.21、0.55±0.15,均低于对照组(0.87±0.25、0.73±0.21),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组治疗4周后IMT、斑块厚度、中医症状评分分别为(0.86±0.11) mm、(1.63±0.32) mm、(8.02±1.12)分,均低于对照组[(0.95±0.14) mm、(1.87±0.36) mm、(11.48±1.36)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 调脂通脉颗粒治疗原发性高血压伴CAS可改善脂代谢和颈动脉血流,降低血清RBP-4、SPARC的表达,这可能是其治疗原发性高血压伴CAS的重要机制。

血脂与接受EGFR-TKIs治疗的Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌患者预后的相关性

目的:探讨血脂与接受EGFR-TKIs治疗的IV期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)患者生存预后的相关性。方法:回顾性收集EGFR-TKIs治疗的IV期EGFR突变的NSCLC患者的临床资料、首次治疗前血脂[总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)]水平,随访无疾病进展生存期(PFS)和总生存期(OS),用Rstudio(survminer包)软件确定治疗前各血脂最佳截断值,Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,COX回归分析影响患者PFS、OS的预后因素。结果:共纳入90例NSCLC患者,19外显子缺失41例,21外显子L858R阳性39例,其他类型突变10例;接受埃克替尼、吉非替尼或其他EGFR-TKIs作为首次抗肿瘤治疗的患者分别为31例、41例、18例。治疗前TC≥4.08mmol/L、HDL-C≥1.20 mmol/L组较对照组PFS和OS延长(P <0.001),多因素COX风险模型分析显示初治前血清TC、HDL-C高水平组是接受EGFR-TKIs治疗IV期NSCLC患者PFS、OS的独立预后因素(P值均<0.001)。结论:治疗前高血清TC、HDL-C是接受EGFR-TKIs靶向治疗的IV期NSCLC患者PFS、OS的保护性因素,并有可能成为潜在预测指标。

Comparative effects of plant oils and trans-fat on blood lipid profiles and ischemic stroke in rats

Since plant oils are believed to be better than animal fats for cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases, the effects of various plant oils and trans-fat on blood lipid profiles and ischemic stroke were investigated. Sprague- Dawley rats were fed a diet containing the oils or trans-fat, and then body weights, blood lipids, and effects on brain infarction and physical dysfunction induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） were analyzed. All the oils and trans-fat, except perilla oil, significantly increased body fats and body weight gain. Sesame oil and trans-fat specifically increased blood cholesterols and triglycerides, respectively, while perilla oil decreased both cholesterols and triglycerides. Perilla oil not only attenuated cerebral infarction, but also restored locomotor activity and rota-rod performances of MCAO rats. It is suggested that perilla oil among oils and fats could be the first choice to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome and ischemic stroke.

血脂指标与血清转氨酶、胆碱酯酶、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶联合检验在非酒精性脂肪肝病诊断中的应用

目的:分析血脂指标联合血清转氨酶、胆碱酯酶(CHE)、γ-谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)诊断非酒精性脂肪肝病(NAFLD)的价值。方法:选择2022年1—12月中国贵航集团三0二医院收治的98例NAFLD患者纳入观察组,另将同期于本院体检的93例健康体检者纳入对照组。比较两组血脂指标[总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)]、转氨酶[谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)]、CHE、GGT的差异;另描绘受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,分析TC、TG、AST、ALT、CHE、GGT单独或联合诊断NAFLD的价值。结果:观察组TC、TG、AST、ALT、CHE、GGT高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线结果显示,TC、TG、AST、ALT、CHE、GGT联合诊断NAFLD的AUC高于单独诊断,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:血脂指标联合血清转氨酶、CHE、GGT可有效诊断出NAFLD。

Effects of moxibustion at 46°C on blood lipids and related indicators of thoracic aortic endothelium in a hyperlipidemia rat model

Objective:To observe the effects of moxibustion at different temperatures(38℃,46℃)on blood lipids,endothelial morphology of the thoracic aorta,serum endothelin-1(ET-1),calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP),nitric oxide(NO),and endothelial NO synthase(eNOS)in hyperlipidemic rats.Methods:Using the random number table method,60 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly and evenly divided into blank,model,38℃-moxibustion,and 46℃-moxibustion groups.Rats in the 3 experimental groups were fed a high-fat feed to model hyperlipidemia in rats.Rats in the 38℃-moxibustion and 46℃-moxibustion groups were moxibustion on the Shenque and bilateral Zusanli acupoints for 10 minutes each,once every other day for 4 weeks,at temperatures of 38±1℃ and 46±1℃.After that,rat blood samples were collected to detect blood lipids and ET-1,CGRP,eNOS and NO.Take the endotheal tissue of the thoracic aorta to do HE staining.Results:(1)The serum total cholesterol,triglycerides,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of rats in the 46℃-moxibustion group were significantly lower than those in the model and 38℃-moxibustion groups.(2)Revealed by hematoxylin and eosin staining,showed necrosis in the local vascular endothelial cells and mild inflammatory cell infiltration in the tunica adventitia of the hyperlipidemic rats.These endothelial morphologies did not improve significantly after moxibustion at 38℃ but did improve at 46℃.(3)Compared with the blank group,serum ET-1 was significantly higher and serum CGRP,NO,eNOS were significantly lower in the model group.Compared with the model and the 38℃-moxibustion groups,serum ET-1 was significantly lower and serum CGRP,NO,eNOS were significantly higher in 46℃-moxibustion groups.Conclusion:Moxibustion at 46℃ effectively regulated blood lipids,improved the morphology of the vascular endothelium,and protected vascular endothelial function.