Objective To comparatively study the toxicity of four metal-containing nanoparticles(MNPs) and their chemical counterparts to the air-blood barrier(ABB) permeability using an in vitro model.Methods ABB model, which wa...Objective To comparatively study the toxicity of four metal-containing nanoparticles(MNPs) and their chemical counterparts to the air-blood barrier(ABB) permeability using an in vitro model.Methods ABB model, which was developed via the co-culturing of A549 and pulmonary capillary endothelium, was exposed to spherical CuO-NPs(divided into CuO-40, CuO-80, and CuO-100 based on particle size), nano-Al2O3(sheet and short-rod-shaped), nano-ZnO, nano-Pb S, CuSO4, Al2(SO4)3, Zn(CH3COO)2, and Pb(NO3)2 for 60 min.Every 10 min following exposure, the cumulative cleared volume(ΔTCL) of Lucifer yellow by the model was calculated.A clearance curve was established using linear regression analysis of ΔTCL versus time.Permeability coefficient(P) was calculated based on the slope of the curve to represent the degree of change in the ABB permeability.Results The results found the increased P values of CuO-40, CuO-80, sheet, and short-rod-shaped nano-Al2O3, Al2(SO4)3, and Pb(NO3)2.Among them, small CuO-40 and CuO-80 were stronger than CuO-100 and CuSO4;no difference was observed between Al2(SO4)3 and sheet and short-rod-shaped nano-Al2O3;and nano-Pb S was slightly weaker than Pb(NO3)2.So clearly the MNPs possess diverse toxicity.Conclusion ABB permeability abnormality means pulmonary toxicity potential.More studies are warranted to understand MNPs toxicity and ultimately control the health hazards.展开更多
Introduction: During the past four decades, mercury (Hg) research focused on fish consumption has explained less than 22% of Hg in human blood. One overlooked exposure pathway for infants and young children is the con...Introduction: During the past four decades, mercury (Hg) research focused on fish consumption has explained less than 22% of Hg in human blood. One overlooked exposure pathway for infants and young children is the concentration of Hg in soils. Although 75% of the U.S. population lives in urban areas near industrial facilities, minimal data exist regarding the concentration and speciation of Hg in residential soils. Chronic exposure through ingestion of low concentrations of Hg in soils may explain a portion of the blood Hg levels noted in infants. Methods: Three relatively unexposed residential sites in a suburban community were selected. The primary route of contamination was atmospheric deposition. Soils were digested in a nitric acid-hydrofluoric acid solution and analyzed by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Measured concentrations of total Hg in local suburban soil samples were compared to levels measured in a national study of 27 remote and rural sites. The Al-Shahristani pharmacokinetic model, developed after the 1971 Iraqi Methyl Hg poisoning incident, was used to calculate the blood Hg concentration in a hypothetical year-old infant. Results: Soil samples contained Hg concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.24 ppmw. The distribution of Hg in the soil samples was non-linear and non-normal. The mean soil Hg concentrations at the three locations were 0.08, 0.05 and 0.08 ppm. Calculated blood Hg concentrations for a 10 kg, year-old infant due to ingestion of soil (200 mg/day) containing 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 ppm Hg were 0.08, 0.17 and 0.26 μg/L, respectively. Conclusions: The pilot study data appear to support the hypothesis that chronic, low-level soil ingestion may be a significant source of Hg for infants. Further study is warranted.展开更多
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [No.81372949]the Young Scholar Scientific Research Foundation of China CDC [No.2016A206]
文摘Objective To comparatively study the toxicity of four metal-containing nanoparticles(MNPs) and their chemical counterparts to the air-blood barrier(ABB) permeability using an in vitro model.Methods ABB model, which was developed via the co-culturing of A549 and pulmonary capillary endothelium, was exposed to spherical CuO-NPs(divided into CuO-40, CuO-80, and CuO-100 based on particle size), nano-Al2O3(sheet and short-rod-shaped), nano-ZnO, nano-Pb S, CuSO4, Al2(SO4)3, Zn(CH3COO)2, and Pb(NO3)2 for 60 min.Every 10 min following exposure, the cumulative cleared volume(ΔTCL) of Lucifer yellow by the model was calculated.A clearance curve was established using linear regression analysis of ΔTCL versus time.Permeability coefficient(P) was calculated based on the slope of the curve to represent the degree of change in the ABB permeability.Results The results found the increased P values of CuO-40, CuO-80, sheet, and short-rod-shaped nano-Al2O3, Al2(SO4)3, and Pb(NO3)2.Among them, small CuO-40 and CuO-80 were stronger than CuO-100 and CuSO4;no difference was observed between Al2(SO4)3 and sheet and short-rod-shaped nano-Al2O3;and nano-Pb S was slightly weaker than Pb(NO3)2.So clearly the MNPs possess diverse toxicity.Conclusion ABB permeability abnormality means pulmonary toxicity potential.More studies are warranted to understand MNPs toxicity and ultimately control the health hazards.
文摘Introduction: During the past four decades, mercury (Hg) research focused on fish consumption has explained less than 22% of Hg in human blood. One overlooked exposure pathway for infants and young children is the concentration of Hg in soils. Although 75% of the U.S. population lives in urban areas near industrial facilities, minimal data exist regarding the concentration and speciation of Hg in residential soils. Chronic exposure through ingestion of low concentrations of Hg in soils may explain a portion of the blood Hg levels noted in infants. Methods: Three relatively unexposed residential sites in a suburban community were selected. The primary route of contamination was atmospheric deposition. Soils were digested in a nitric acid-hydrofluoric acid solution and analyzed by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Measured concentrations of total Hg in local suburban soil samples were compared to levels measured in a national study of 27 remote and rural sites. The Al-Shahristani pharmacokinetic model, developed after the 1971 Iraqi Methyl Hg poisoning incident, was used to calculate the blood Hg concentration in a hypothetical year-old infant. Results: Soil samples contained Hg concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.24 ppmw. The distribution of Hg in the soil samples was non-linear and non-normal. The mean soil Hg concentrations at the three locations were 0.08, 0.05 and 0.08 ppm. Calculated blood Hg concentrations for a 10 kg, year-old infant due to ingestion of soil (200 mg/day) containing 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 ppm Hg were 0.08, 0.17 and 0.26 μg/L, respectively. Conclusions: The pilot study data appear to support the hypothesis that chronic, low-level soil ingestion may be a significant source of Hg for infants. Further study is warranted.
