The Effect of Blood Lipid Profiles on Chronic Kidney Disease in a Prospective Cohort:Based on a Regression Discontinuity Design

Objective Previous studies on the association between lipid profiles and chronic kidney disease(CKD)have yielded inconsistent results and no defined thresholds for blood lipids.Methods A prospective cohort study including 32,351 subjects who completed baseline and follow-up surveys over 5 years was conducted.Restricted cubic splines and Cox models were used to examine the association between the lipid profiles and CKD.A regression discontinuity design was used to determine the cutoff value of lipid profiles that was significantly associated with increased the risk of CKD.Results Over a median follow-up time of 2.2(0.5,4.2)years,648(2.00%)subjects developed CKD.The lipid profiles that were significantly and linearly related to CKD included total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),TC/HDL-C,and TG/HDL-C,whereas lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and LDL-C/HDL-C were nonlinearly correlated with CKD.TC,TG,TC/HDL-C,and TG/HDL-C showed an upward jump at the cutoff value,increasing the risk of CKD by 0.90%,1.50%,2.30%,and 1.60%,respectively,whereas HDL-C showed a downward jump at the cutoff value,reducing this risk by 1.0%.Female and participants with dyslipidemia had a higher risk of CKD,while the cutoff values for the different characteristics of the population were different.Conclusion There was a significant association between lipid profiles and CKD in a prospective cohort from Northwest China,while TG,TC/HDL-C,and TG/HDL-C showed a stronger risk association.The specific cutoff values of lipid profiles may provide a clinical reference for screening or diagnosing CKD risk.

Blood lipid profiles following nonfocused ultrasonic treatment for noninvasive body contouring

Aim:Blood lipid profiles changed following nonfocused ultrasound treatments for body contouring.The present study elucidates clinical effects of these devices on adipose tissue.Methods:Ultrasound treatments for 5 males and 5 females in a supine position,ages 37-67 years,were applied at 20 KHz and 3.0 W/cm2 in modulated emission.Whole abdomen was treated by an ultrasound handpiece for 30 min followed by a 6-min lymphatic drainage.Waist circumferences at the level of the umbilicus and body weight were measured before and immediately after treatment.Blood lipid profiles including total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein,high-density lipoprotein,triglyceride(TG),nonesterified fatty acid(NEFA)and lipoprotein-a were measured at baseline,every 10 min during treatment,and 15,30,45,60,75,and 90 min after treatment completion.Results:NEFA showed statistically higher values after 10 min following treatment initiation.Subsequent values remained high despite some fluctuation,reaching a maximum at 90 min.In contrast,TG gradually decreased in concentration until the last measurement,especially for the first 30 min,with statistically significant reduction.Changes in other lipid profiles and lipoprotein-a were not significant.Conclusion:Changes in NEFA concentration were significant following ultrasound treatment,and suggest that metabolism of TGs stored within the adipocytes occurred immediately after treatment initiation.