Evaluation of Biochemical and Molecular Parameters of Patients Suffering from Chronic Viral Hepatitis B Treated by a Medicinal Plant Recipe of a Health Care Practitioner in Burkina Faso

Chronic viral hepatitis B (HBV) remains a major public health problem in Burkina Faso. Since access to diagnostic tests and treatments is limited because of their high cost, the majority of the population turn to traditional herbal treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a plant recipe called Hepatib tiben. It consisted of comparing certain biochemical and molecular parameters of patients infected with HBV that were supported by the recipe. The patients were recruited in Ouagadougou by the traditional health practitioner according to the requirements of the study. Thus 44 patients aged 20 to 61 years and carrier of HBsAg for at least 06 months were treated with Hepatib tiben. The tests were performed in the laboratory before and three months after the treatment. ELISA tests were used to confirm the presence of HBsAg and search for anti-HCV antibodies;transaminases, creatinine were quantified by the “Chem 400” automaton and the viral load of HBV by Real-time PCR. The analysis of the results reveals an improvement of the biochemical and molecular parameters of the patients with the following means (ASAT: 21.02 ± 9.97;ALAT: 21.11 ± 13.27;DNA: 1571.82 ± 3990.97 with p = 0.01 for each). As for HBsAg, its disappearance was observed in 4.55% of patients after treatment. The evaluation of the creatinine parameter explained that the recipe of plants has a tolerated effect on the kidneys of treated patients. These results, while encouraging, need to be complemented by further research for the development of effective phytomedicine to treat and eliminate this viral hepatitis B virus.

Exploring the effect of Bushen Bitong recipe-containing serum on IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis based on SOX9/NF-κB/MMP-13 signaling pathway

Objective:To observe the effect and possible mechanism of action of Bushen Bitong recipe(BSBT)containing serum on IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis.Methods:Generation 3 rat chondrocytes were randomized into Control,IL-1β,IL-1β+BSBT(L),IL-1β+BSBT(M),and IL-1β+BSBT(H)groups(5%,10%and 15%BSBT-containing serum),and then 24h after intervention respectively,the cell proliferation and Apoptosis rate;Western blot detected the expression levels of Bcl-2,BAX,Caspase-3,SOX9,NF-κB p65,MMP-13 proteins in chondrocytes.ELISA detected the levels of TNF-α,IL-6,and bFGF in the supernatants of chondrocyte culture.Results:Compared with Control group,cell proliferation activity decreased,apoptosis rate increased,NF-κB p65,MMP-13 protein level and TNF-α,IL-6 level increased,and SOX9 protein level and bFGF level decreased in IL-1βgroup;compared with IL-1βgroup,different concentrations of BSBT-containing serum group,cell proliferation activity increased,and apoptosis rate decreased.NF-κB p65,MMP-13 protein level and TNF-α,IL-6 level decreased,SOX9 protein level and bFGF level increased;compared with IL-1β+BSBT(L)group,cell proliferation activity increased,apoptosis rate decreased in IL-1β+BSBT(M)and IL-1β+BSBT(H)groups,and NF-κB p65,MMP-13 protein level and TNF-αlevel decreased.13 protein levels and TNF-αand IL-6 levels decreased,and SOX9 protein levels and bFGF levels increased.Conclusion:BSBT-containing serum may promote IL-1β-induced proliferation of chondrocytes,reduce apoptosis,improve the microenvironment of chondrocytes,and promote cartilage repair through the SOX9/NF-κB/MMP-13 signaling pathway.

Exploring the therapeutic potential of Qi Teng Mai Ning recipe in ischemic stroke and vascular cognitive impairment

Background:This study aims to explore the therapeutic effects of the Qi Teng Mai Ning recipe on ischemic stroke and vascular cognitive impairment through its potential to modulate cellular autophagy,with a focus on identifying its active ingredients and their target proteins.Methods:The study began with the identification of active ingredients in the Qi Teng Mai Ning recipe.It proceeded to screen the gene expression omnibus database for ischemic stroke and vascular cognitive impairment-associated differentially expressed mRNAs and to identify cellular autophagy-related proteins via the Human Autophagy Database.These proteins were annotated with Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functions and subjected to molecular docking with the recipe’s core active ingredients.In vitro cell experiments were conducted on hypoxic HT22 cells,involving CCK8 assay,lentiviral transfection to silence autophagy related 9B(ATG9B),immunofluorescence staining,and qPCR validation to investigate the effects of the recipe on autophagy.Results:The analysis identified 104 active ingredients targeting 408 proteins and forming a complex ingredient-target network.Intersecting 55 ischemic stroke-related and 909 vascular cognitive impairment-related differentially expressed mRNAs revealed 14 co-expressed mRNAs.Molecular docking showed quercetin,kaempferol,myrcene,and conferone as key ingredients targeting autophagy-related proteins.Cellular experiments indicated that the recipe significantly enhanced cell viability under hypoxic conditions,reduced apoptosis,and modulated the expression of autophagy-related factors,thereby decreasing apoptosis rates in HT22 cells.Conclusion:The Qi Teng Mai Ning recipe offers protective effects against ischemic stroke and vascular cognitive impairment by modulating autophagy-related proteins.Its efficacy highlights the potential of traditional Chinese medicine in treating these conditions,though further research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms and clinical applications.

Therapeutic Effect of Intragastric Administration of Jiangtang Shuxin Recipe Suspension on Diabetic Heart Failure in Rats and Its Mechanism

[Objectives]To observe the therapeutic effect of intragastric administration of Jiangtang Shuxin recipe on diabetic heart failure(DHF)in rats and to explore its mechanism.[Methods]Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into five groups,with 10 rats in each group.DHF models were prepared in the low-dose group,high-dose group,Western medicine group,and model group except the control group.Rats in the low-dose and high-dose groups were given 1.0 and 1.5 g/(kg·d)Jiangtang Shuxin recipe suspension by gavage,respectively.Rats in the Western medicine group were given gliquidone and benazepril by gavage for 2 months,and were fed with high-fat diet.Rats in the control group were fed with ordinary diet.Fasting blood glucose(FBG),serum triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),C-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),pathological morphology of myocardial tissue,NF-κB p65 protein and IκBαprotein were compared among groups.[Results]Compared with the control group,the levels of FBG,serum TG,LDL-C,CRP,IL-6,TNF-α,CK-MB and LDH increased,while the level of serum HDL-C decreased.The myocardial tissue was seriously damaged,and the expression of NF-κB p65 protein increased,while the expression of IκBαprotein decreased in the other four gruops(all P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the levels of FBG,serum TG,LDL-C,CRP,IL-6,TNF-α,CK-MB and LDH decreased,while the serum HDL-C level increased.The myocardial tissue damage was alleviated,and the expression of NF-κB p65 protein decreased,while the expression of IκBαprotein increased in the low-dose group,high-dose group and Western medicine group(all P<0.05).Compared with the Western medicine group,the levels of FBG,serum TG,LDL-C,CRP,IL-6,TNF-α,CK-MB and LDH decreased,and the level of serum HDL-C increased in the high-dose group(all P<0.05).[Conclusions]Jiangtang Shuxin recipe has a therapeutic effect on DHF in rats,with the best effect in the high-dose group.It can not only alleviate high glucose and high fat state,but also reduce myocardial injury and inflammation,and improve the pathological morphology of myocardial cells.The mechanism may be related to its inhibition of NF-кB signaling pathway.

Network pharmacology-based exploration of molecular mechanisms underlying therapeutic effects of Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe on chronic heart failure with spleen Qi deficiency syndrome

BACKGROUND Chronic heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome.The Chinese herbal compound preparation Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe has been used to treat chronic heart failure;however,the underlying molecular mechanism is still not clear.AIM To identify the effective active ingredients of Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe and explore its molecular mechanism in the treatment of chronic heart failure.METHODS The effective active ingredients of eight herbs composing Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe were identified using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform.The target genes of chronic heart failure were searched in the Genecards database.The target proteins of active ingredients were mapped to chronic heart failure target genes to obtain the common drugdisease targets,which were then used to construct a key chemical componenttarget network using Cytoscape 3.7.2 software.The protein-protein interaction network was constructed using the String database.Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed through the Metascape database.Finally,our previously published relevant articles were searched to verify the results obtained via network pharmacology.RESULTS A total of 227 effective active ingredients for Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe were identified,of which quercetin,kaempferol,7-methoxy-2-methyl isoflavone,formononetin,and isorhamnetin may be key active ingredients and involved in the therapeutic effects of TCM by acting on STAT3,MAPK3,AKT1,JUN,MAPK1,TP53,TNF,HSP90AA1,p65,MAPK8,MAPK14,IL6,EGFR,EDN1,FOS,and other proteins.The pathways identified by KEGG enrichment analysis include pathways in cancer,IL-17 signaling pathway,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,HIF-1 signaling pathway,calcium signaling pathway,cAMP signaling pathway,NF-kappaB signaling pathway,AMPK signaling pathway,etc.Previous studies on Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe suggested that this Chinese compound preparation can regulate the TNF-α,IL-6,MAPK,cAMP,and AMPK pathways to affect the mitochondrial structure of myocardial cells,oxidative stress,and energy metabolism,thus achieving the therapeutic effects on chronic heart failure.CONCLUSION The Chinese medicine compound preparation Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe exerts therapeutic effects on chronic heart failure possibly by influencing the mitochondrial structure of cardiomyocytes,oxidative stress,energy metabolism,and other processes.Future studies are warranted to investigate the role of the IL-17 signaling pathway,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,HIF-1 signaling pathway,and other pathways in mediating the therapeutic effects of Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe on chronic heart failure.

Wenjing Zhitong recipe exhibits potential anti-primary dysmenorrhea properties by inhibiting COX2 and PKC signaling pathway in rats induced by estradiol benzoate and oxytocin

Objective:To explore the effect and mechanism of action of the Wenjing Zhitong recipe(WZR)in primary dysmenorrhea(PD)treatment.Methods:Uterine contractions were induced by estradiol benzoate and oxytocin in a PD model and WZR was administrated.The rate of change in uterine contractility and the writhing test were used to evaluate the effects of WZR.The serum levels of prostaglandin F_(2a)(PGF_(2a))and prostaglandin E_2(PGE_2),and the activity of cyclooxygenase-2(COX2)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The changes in phosphor-phospholipase C(pPLC/PLC),phosphor-protein kinase C(pPKC/PKC),and connexin 43(CX43)expression were detected using immunohistochemistry and western blot.Results:WZR significantly reduced the rate of change in uterine contractility and writhing times in the PD model.WZR treatment inhibited the enzymatic activity of COX2 and reduced the levels of PGF_(2a),PGF_(2a)/PGE2and COX2 in the PD model.WZR also significantly reduced the expression of pPLC/PLC,pPKC/PKC and CX43.Targeting the inhibition of COX2 activity,caffeic acid and 1-acetyl-β-carboline were validated as the active ingredients in WZR responsible for reducing uterine contractions.Conclusion:WZR attenuated PD by inhibiting COX2 activity,downregulating PGF_(2a)/PGE_2 expression,and inhibiting the PKC signaling pathway.

The effect of Wujiadan Recipe on the role of PLC-β/IP3/CaM signaling pathway of hypothalamus in ovariectomized rats

Objective:To investigate the effect of Wujiadan Recipe on PLC-β1,IP3,IP3R,Cam,PLC-β1,IP3R1 mRNA and GnRH,Cam protein from hypothalamus tissue of ovariectomized female rats,and to further clarify whether Wujiadan Recipe plays a role through PLC-β/IP3/CaM signal pathway.Methods:We randomly divided 64 SD adult female rats into NG group(normal group),MG group(the model group),TMC group(the control group with traditional Chinese medicine),WMC group(the control group with western medicine)with 10 rats in each,and Wujiadan Recipe high(WH),Wujiadan Recipe medium(WM)and Wujiadan Recipe low dose group(WL)with 8 rats in each.Except the NG group,we removed the ovarian tissues of other six groups to establish the ovariectomized model.When the model is successfully replicated,we give the medicine to the rats in each group once a day.The TMC and WMC group were given the corresponding dose of Gengnian'an tablet suspension and Bujiale suspension by gavage respectively.The NG and MG group were given equal measure of normal saline.After 4 weeks,the rats were killed.We use ELISA to detecte the levels of PLC-β1,IP3,IP3R and Cam;and we use PCR to detecte the mRNA expression levels of PLC-βand IP3R1;and use WesternBlot to detecte the protein expression levels of Cam and GnRH in rat hypothalamus tissue.Results:The test results of PLC-β1,IP3,IP3R and Cam in the hypothalamus homogenate of the model group were significantly increased than the NG group(P<0.01).The results of PLC-β1 and IP3R1 and GnRHmRNA were significantly increased(P<0.01),and the expressions of GnRH and Cam protein were higher than NG(P<0.01).Wujiadan Recipe could reduce the results of PLC-β1,IP3,IP3R and Cam in hypothalamus of ovariectomized rats,and reduce the expression of PLC-β1 and IP3R1 and GnRH mRNA.Conclusion:Wujiadan Recipe down-regulates GnRH expression,which may be caused by acting on PLC-β1,IP3,IP3R,CaM in hypothalamus of ovariectomized rats,so as to coordinate the function of reproductive axis and improve the reproductive endocrine level of patients with menopausal syndrome.

Effect of Huoxue Yiqi recipe on proliferation,migration and tube formation of miR-484 overexpressed umbilical vein endothelial cells

Objective:To explore the possible mechanism of Huoxue Yiqi recipe promoting angiogenesis by targeting VEGF with miR-484.Methods:The model of miR-484 overexpressed in HUVEC was prepared and intervened with Huoxue Yiqi Recipe Freeze-dried powder.The effects of Huoxue Yiqi Recipe on proliferation,migration and tubular forming ability of HUVEC were separatly detected by CCK-8 method,cell scratch test and Matrigel three-dimensional forming test in vitro.The effect of Huoxue Yiqi Recipe on VEGFA mRNA expression was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results:Compared with the control group,the proliferation and migration area of cells in miR-484 overexpression model group decreased,the length,number of branches and nodes involved in tube formation decreased,the tube formation ability decreased significantly,and the expression level of VEGFA mRNA decreased,with statistical significance.Compared with the model group,the cell proliferation ability,migration area,length,number of branches and nodes involved in tube formation,tube formation ability and expression level of VEGFA mRNA in the Huoxue Yiqi Prescription group were up-regulated,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:MiR-484 inhibits the expression of VEGFA and the proliferation,migration and formation of HUVEC,and Huoxue Yiqi recipe has a certain negative regulation effect on this process,which may be a new target of Huoxue Yiqi recipe to promote angiogenesis.

Exploration on the mechanism of Radix Astragali-Caulis Spatholobi by Qi-invigorating and blood-activating combination for the treatment of atherosclerosis based on network pharmacology

The objective of this study was to investigate the main active ingredients,potential targets,and possible mechanisms of action of the combination of Radix Astragali and Caulis Spatholobi for the treatment of atherosclerosis using network pharmacology.The study aimed to provide a reference basis for the development of new formulations and clinical use of Chinese medicine.The main components of Radix Astragali and Caulis Spatholobi were obtained from the TCMSP,BATMAN-TCM database,and literature reports.The targets corresponding to the main components were imported into the Uniprot database to standardize the names,and target information was supplemented with the Swiss Target Prediction database.Disease-related targets were obtained from DrugBank,OMIM,CTD,GeneCards,and DisGeNET online databases.Venn tools were used to obtain the potential targets of Radix Astragali and Caulis Spatholobi for the treatment of AS.The intersecting genes were imported into the STRING 11.5 database to construct protein-protein interaction network maps and analyze their interactions.Cytoscape 3.7.1 software was used to mine their core targets.GO function and KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis were performed using the DAVID v2023q1 database.The results were imported into the“Bioinformatics Cloud Platform”to generate enrichment bubble maps.Finally,the“component-target-pathway”diagram was constructed using Cytoscape 3.7.1 software.The study found that 78 major active ingredients and 527 potential targets were obtained from Radix Astragali and Caulis Spatholobi.The main active components of the two in combination for the treatment of AS are quercetin,stigmasterol,kaempferol,luteolin,formononetin,etc.The key targets involve CDKN1A,E2F1,CDK4,CDK2,CDK1,RB1,TP53,CDKN1B,IL6,JUN,etc.The main pathways involved the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications,cancer pathway,etc.The biological processes involved include positive regulation of gene expression,negative regulation of apoptotic process,etc.The study initially verified the feasibility of the combination of Radix Astragali-Caulis Spatholobi by Qi-invigorating(promoting human metabolic activity)and blood-activating for the treatment of AS.It demonstrated that the combination of Chinese medicine has multi-level,multi-target,and multi-pathway mechanisms of action to treat the disease,providing a reference basis for the development and utilization of new drugs.

Safety evaluation of an anti-haemorrhoid(pile)herbal recipe(locally called‘Agbo jedi-jedi’)of Southwestern Nigeria using animal genetic assays

Objective:In this study,an anti-haemorrhoid herbal recipe containing bark of Alstonia boonei and dried cloves–Syzygium aromaticum was investigated for cytogenotoxicity,mutagenicity and histopathological effects following the micronucleus and sperm morphology assays using Wistar albino rats.Methods:The rats were administered anti-haemorrhoid herbal recipe at 25.0%,50.0%and 100.0%,while distilled water and 0.05%sodium azide were the negative and positive controls,respectively.Phytochemicals in the herbal recipe were elucidated using the Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR)and Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detection(GC-FID)techniques.Results:In the treated rats,there was increase in body weight,cells division inhibition,micronucleated polychromatic/normochromatic erythrocytes(MNPCEs&MNNCEs)and abnormal sperm cells were significantly induced at 100.0%(P<0.05),whereas 25.0%herbal recipe promoted cell division.The herbal recipe at 50.0%and 100.0%did not cause any histopathological damages on the liver,kidney and testis except at 25.0%.Polyphenolics,terpenoids and alkaloids were detected in this anti-haemorrhoid herbal recipe which could be cytotoxic,clastogenic and spermatotoxic at a high concentration(100.0%).Conclusion:These results necessitate regulation and control of consumption of the anti-haemorrhoid herbal recipe by people through the authorized government agencies in Nigeria.

Pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese syndrome and recipe:a hypothesis and its verification(Ⅰ)

AIM To propose a hypothesis defining theabsorption,distribution,metabolism andelimination of traditional Chinese recipe（TCR）-component in blood of healthy subjects andpatients,and estimate its correctness.METHODS The pharmacokinetics（PK）of samedose of drug was studied in the animal model oftraditional Chinese syndrome（S）and healthyanimals.The classification,terminology,concept and significance of the hypothesis wereset forth with evidence provided in the presentstudy.The hypotheses consisted of traditionalChinese syndrome PK（S-PK）and traditionalChinese recipe PK（R-PK）.Firstly,the observedtetramethylpyrazine（TMP）PK in healthy,chronically reserpinized rats（rat model ofspleen deficiency syndrome,RMSDS）andRMSDS treated with Sijunzi decoction（SJZD）forconfirmation were used to verify S-PK; secondly,the ferulic acid（FA）PK in healthy andhigh molecular weight dextran（HMWD）-inducedrabbit model with blood stasis syndrome（RDBSS）was also used to verify S-PK;andlastly,TMP PK parameters in serum of healthyrats after orally taken Ligusticum wallichii（LW）,LW and Salvia miltiorrhiza（LW&SM）decoctions were compared to verify R-PK.RESULTS The apparent first-order absorption[Ka,（13.61±2.56）h-1,area under the blooddrug concentration-time curve[AUC,（24.88±9.76）μg.h-1mL-1],maximum drug concentration[Cmax,（4.82±1.23）μg·mL-1]of serum TMP inRMSDS were increased markedly（P【0.05）compared with those[Ka=（5.41±1.91）h-1,AUC=（5.20±2.57）μg·h-1·mL-1,Cmax=（2.33±1.77）μg·mL-1]of healthy rats（HR）.Theapparent first-order rate constant for α and βdistribution phase[α=（0.38±0.09）h-1,β=（0.06±0.03）h-1,the apparent first-orderintercompartmental transfer rate constants[K10=（0.24±0.07）h-1,K12=（0.11±0.02）h-1,K21=（0.11±0.02）h-1]of serum TMP in RMSDS weredecreased significantly（P【0.01）comparedwith those[K10=（0.88±0.20）h-1,K12=（1.45±0.47）h-1,K21=（0.72±0.22）h-1]of HR.However,no apparent differences occurredbetween HR and RMSDS treated with SJZD.Theserum FA concentration and its AUC[（5.6690±2.3541）μg·h-1·mL-1] in RMBSS were also higherthan those[AUC=（2.7566±0.8232）μg·h-1·mL-1]of healthy rabbits（P【0.05）.The Ka（11.51±2.82）h-1,AUC（0.84±0.17）μg·h-1·mL-1of LW & SM-derived TMP in serum weremuch lower（P【0.05）than those[Ka=（19.58±4.14）h-1,AUC=（1.27±0.26）μg·h-1·mL-1]ofLW-derived TMP in serum after oral decoctions.CONCLUSION The SDS and blood stasissyndrome state could affect significantly thepharmacokinetic parameters of drugs and theabnormal SDS pharmacokinetic parameters couldbe normalized by SJZD.The combination ofChinese medicine in TCR could reciprocallyaffect the pharmacokinetic parameters of othercomponents absorbed into the systemiccirculation.These results support the S-and R-PK hypothesis.

Effect of Liangxuehuayu Recipe on hemorheology in rats with blood stasis syndrome

Objective:To investigate the effects of Uangxuehuayu Recipe on hemorheology in rats with blood stasis syndrome induced by mutifactor stimuli.Methods:SD rats were divided into control, model,Uangxuehuayu Recipe(high,middle and low dose,18,9,4.S g/kg accordingly).Except the control group,blood stasis model was established in the rest groups.The hemorheological parameters were measured and compared.Results:Blood viscosity at high,moderate and low level in rats with blood stasis significantly increased(P【0.05),but blood viscosity at high level and plasma viscosity was significantly decreased in rats induced by some stimuli after Uangxuehuayu Recipe were intra-gastrically administered for I weeks(P【0.01,P【0.05). Conclusions:Uangxuehuayu Recipe is effective in improving hemorheology,and has important application value in the prevention of occurrence and development of ischemic stroke.

Two-year Observation of the Clinical Efficacy in Treating Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Ganxian Recipe (肝纤方) and Lamivudine

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Ganxian recipe (肝纤方, GXR) and lamivudine (LVD) in a two-year treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods: One hundred and twenty patients with CHB were randomly divided into the combinedly treated group (combined group) of 40 CHB patients who were treated with GXR combined with LVD. Another 40 CHB patients were treated with LVD alone (WM group), and still another 40 CHB patients were treated with GXR alone (TCM group). All these cases were randomly controlled and observed for two years. Results: Comprehensive efficacy: Total effective rate of the combined group (complete response and partial response) was 92.5%, while that of the WM group was 67.5% and TCM group 57.5%, respectively, with the difference between them was significant ( P <0.01); after treatment, the hepatic functions (AST, ALT, SB) of the three groups were all reduced, and the reduction in the combined group was particularly significant in comparison with the WM group or TCM group, P <0.05 or P < 0.01 respectively, suggesting that the effect in the combined group was better than that in the other two groups; the rate of tyrosine-methionine-aspartate-aspartate (YMDD) virus mutation: it was 7.5% in the combined group, 40.0% in the WM group, and 5.0% in the TCM group; liver fibrosis improvement parameter: after treatment, the results in the combined group got better than those in the other two groups. Conclusion: GXR could inhibit the appearance of YMDD after long-term application of LVD, and combined use has marked synergism.

Effect of Gengnianchun Recipe (更年春方) on Bone Mineral Density, Bone Biomechanical Parameters and Serum Lipid Level in Ovariectomized Rats

Objective： To observe the effect of Gengnianchun Recipe （更年春方, GNC） on bone mineral density （BMD）, bone biomechanical parameters and serum lipid level in the bilaterally ovariectomized （OVX） rats and to explore the prophylactic and therapeutic action of GNC on ovariectomy induced osteoporosis and hyperlipidemia. Methods： OVX SD rats, 10- 12 months old, were divided into different groups and fed with GNC 2 g/d, GNC 1 g/d and Nilestriol 0. 125 mg/week, respectively for 4 months to observe the change of BMD and bone biomechanical parameters of the lumbar vertebrae, and the serum levels of total cholesterol （TO）, triglyceride（TG）, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）, and to compare the effect of the two drugs on the morphology of the uterus. Results： There was marked reduction in BMD and biomechanical parameters in lumbar vertebrae （ P〈0. 01 ） and increase of serum TO and LDL-C levels （ P〈0. 01 ） in rats after OVX. GNC or Nilestriol significantly improved the decreased BMD and biomechanical parameters of the lumbar vertebrae （ P〈0.05 or P〈0. 01 ）, and reduced the serum TO and LDL-C levels （ P〈0. 01 ）. In the Nilestriol group, the wet weight of uterus got increased obviously （ P〈0.01 ）, the number of uterine glands increased, uterine columnar epithelium thickened, and the mitotic figures in the epithelial stroma and myointimal cells augmented. But no such effect in wet weight and morphology of uterus was found in the GNC group. Conclusion： GNC could increase the BMD and biomechanical parameters of the lumbar vertebrae, reduce the serum TO and LDL-C levels, yet produce no adverse reaction in stimulating proliferation and hypertrophy of uterus.

Therapeutic and recurrence-preventing effects of Qi-Replenishing and Blood-Activating Formula in rats with acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer

Objective:To explore the therapeutic and recurrence-preventing effects of Qi-Replenishing and Blood-Activating Formula in rats with acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer.Methods:A total of 138 SD rats were selected to make rat models with gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid(24 rats with sham operation served as sham operation group),and were randomly divided into model group(n=30),western medicine group(n=30),traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) group(n=24) and combination group(combined western medicine and TCM group,n=30).Western medicine group was gavaged with omeprazole in the morning and with iso-volumetric distilled water in the afternoon;TCM group and TCM sham operation group were gavaged with iso-volumetric distilled water in the morning and with Qi-Replenishing and Blood-Activating Formula in the afternoon;combination group was gavaged with omeprazole in the morning and with Qi-Replenishing and Blood-Activating Formula in the afternoon;sham operation group and model group were gavaged with iso-volumetric distilled water both in the morning and afternoon.Ulcer indexes and degree of mucosal degree in rats at different time points after gavage were observed.Twentyeight days after gavage,interleukin(IL)-1β was given to induce ulcer recurrence so as to observe the recurrent severity and rate of ulcer in each group.Results:Compared with model group and western medicine group,treatment in combination group could prominently reduce the ulcer index of rats with peptic ulcer,and increase the healing rate and inhibition rate of peptic ulcer.After IL-1β-induced ulcer recurrence,combination group was significantly superior to model group and western medicine group in ulcer recurrent rate[50%(3/6) vs.100%(6/6)]and severity.Conclusions:Basic acid-suppression therapy combined with Qi-Replenishing and BloodActivating Formula can effectually improve the ulcer healing quality and reduce ulcer recurrence.

Effect and Underlying Mechanism of Bu-Shen-An-Tai Recipe on Ovarian Apoptosis in Mice with Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation Implantation Dysfunction

The effect and underlying mechanism of Bu-Shen-An-Tai recipe on ovarian apoptosis in mice with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation(COH) implantation dysfunction were studied. The COH implantation dysfunction model in mice was established by intraperitoneal injection of 7.5 IU pregnant mare’s serum gonadotrophin(PMSG), followed by 7.5 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin(HCG) 48 h later. Then the female mice were mated with male at a ratio of 2:1 in the same cage at 6:00 p.m. The female mice from normal group were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline and mated at the corresponding time. Day 1 of pregnancy was recorded by examining its vaginal smears at 8:00 a.m. of the next day. Fifty successfully pregnant mice were equally randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control pregnant group(NC), COH implantation dysfunction model group(COH), low dosage of Bu-Shen-An-Tai recipe group(LOW), middle dosage of Bu-Shen-An-Tai recipe group(MID) and high dosage of Bu-Shen-An-Tai recipe group(HIGH). Then from day 1, the mice in different groups were respectively intragastrically given corresponding treatments at 9:00 a.m. for 5 consecutive days. The concentrations of 17β-estradiol(E) and progesterone(P) were determined by radioimmunoassay(RIA). The ultrastructural changes of ovarian tissues were observed by transmission electron microscope(TEM). The histopathological changes of ovarian tissues were observed by HE staining. The number of atretic follicles and pregnant corpus luteum were also recorded. TUNEL was applied to measure apoptotic cells of ovarian tissues. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of apoptosis-related factors like Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved-caspase-3 in ovarian tissue of mice. The results showed that ovarian weight, the concentrations of Eand P, the number of atretic follicles and pregnant corpus luteum, as well as the apoptosis of granulosa cells were significantly increased in the COH group. The ultrastructures of ovarian tissues in the COH group showed that chromatin in granulosa cells was increased, agglutinated, aggregated or crescent-shaped. The focal cavitation and the typical apoptotic bodies could be seen in granulosa cells in the late stage of apoptosis. After the treatment with different doses of Bu-Shen-An-Tai recipe, the ultrastructural changes of ovarian granulosa cells apoptosis were dramatically improved and even disappeared under TEM. Visible mitochondria and mitochondrial cristae were increased and vacuoles were significantly reduced. The lipid dropltes were shown in a circluar or oval shape. The protein expression levels of Bax and cleaved-caspase-3 were decreased, and the expression of Bcl-2 protein was increased after treatment. It was concluded that Bu-Shen-An-Tai recipe can inhibit the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells, probably by up-regulating the protein expression of Bcl-2 and down-regulating Bax and cleaved-caspase-3, which contributes to the formation and maintenance of ovarian corpus luteum. It’s helpful to promote the embryonic implantation, to reduce embryo loss and ultimately to improve the success rate of pregnancy.

Effect of Compound Recipe Gengniankang (更年康) on Senile Sexual Hormone and Expression of Estrogen Receptor in Bone of Climacteric Female Rats

Objective： To compare the therapeutic effect of Compound Recipe Gengniankang （更年康, GNK） with that of hormone replacement treatment （HRT） on climacteric female rats with osteoporosis, and to investigate the roles of estrogen and estrogen receptors in the mechanism of osteoporosis. Methods： Climacteric female rats with osteoporosis were chosen and divided into three groups （GNK group, HRT group and control group）. Apoptosis of ovarian granulose cells was measured by terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferae mediated nick end labeling （TUNEL） assay. Serum level of estrdiol （E2）, follicle stimulating hormone （FSH）, luteinizing hormone （LH） were determined by the method of radioimmunoassay （RIA）. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCT） technology was used to evaluate the expression of estrogen receptor （ER） in bone. Bone mineral density （BMD） was measured by double energy X-ray absorption （DEXA）. Results： In the climacteric rats, BMD, serum E2, ER mRNA expression in bone decreased remarkably, and serum FSH, LH and apoptosis of ovarian granulose cells increased obviously. After treating with GNK, all the indexes were reversed except serum E2. The increase of E2 was not significant. Conclusion： GNK is effective on climacteric osteoporosis female rats. Its role is performed not by increasing serum E2 but by enhancing ER in the bone and inhibiting apoptosis of ovarian granulose cells. GNK can deter further exhaustion of ovarian function.

Effect of Bushen Yiqi Hexue Recipe (补肾益气和血方) on Pinopodes Expression on Endometrial Surface in Embryo Implantation Dysfunctional Mice

Objective: To explore the therapeutic mechanism of Bushen Yiqi Hexue recipe (补肾益气血方, BYHR), and observe its effect on pinopodes expression on endometrial surface in mifepristone induced embryo implantation dysfunctional mice. Methods: Pregnant Kunming mice were randomly divided into the normal group, the control group and the treated group. Mice in the treated group were administered with BYHR, and those in the normal group and the control group were administered with normal saline, starting from the very first day of pregnancy (Pd1). On the Pd4, mifepristone (RU486) was subcutaneously injected into mice in the control group and the treated group. Pinopodes expression on endometrial surface at 09:30-10:00 pm on Pd4 (regarded as time point 1, T1) and at 09:30-10:00 am on Pd5 (as time point 2, T2) was determined by scanning electron microscopy. Pregnancy rate and average implanted embryos were observed on Pd7. Results: Pregnancy rate and average implanted embryos in the control group were obviously lower than those in the normal group (all P<0.01), while the two parameters were significantly higher in the treated group (P<0.05, P<0.01, respectively) than those in the control group. In the normal group, abundant developing pinopodes were distributed over the whole endometrial surface in T1, and they were altered to a great deal of fully developed pinopodes in T2. But in the control group, only a few pinopodes were expressed locally on endometrial surface in T1, showing a nonsynchronous figure of development, and they completely disappeared in T2. In the treated group, a lot of developing pinopodes were expressed like those in the normal group but somewhat lagged behind, whereas many fully developed pinopodes were expressed in T2. Conclusion: The decrease of the pinopodes in T1 and the cleaning up of them in T2 is possibly the partial mechanism of mifepristone in inducing embryo implantation dysfunction. It is indicated that BYHR could improve pinopodes expression on endometrial surface, eventually better the uterine receptivity and improve the embryo implantation.

Antitumor and synergistic effect of Chinese medicine “Bushen huayu jiedu recipe” and chemotherapy on transplanted animal hepatocarcinoma

AIM： To investigate the antitumor and synergistic effect of Chinese medicine “Bushen huayu jiedu recipe” （recipe for invigorating the kidney, removing blood stasis and toxic substances） and chemotherapy on mice hepatocarcinoma. METHODS： Bushen huayu jiedu recipe （BSHYJDR） consisting of Chinese Cassia Bark, Psoralea, Zedoary, Rhubarb, etc. is equal to 1.5 g/mL liquid of originated herbs after being decoded, filtered, and concentrated. Kunming mice, weighing 18-22 g, were injected with 0.2 mL ascitic hepatocarcinoma H22 containing 1 × 10^7 cells/mL into armpit of the right forelimb of mice. After 24 h, the mice were weighed and randomly divided into tumor-bearing model control group, cisplatin （DDP） group, BSHYJDR high dosage group, low dosage BSHYJDR group, DDP combined with high and low dosage BSHYJDR group, 10 mice in each group. DDP group received injection intraperitoneally （ip） at the dosage of 1 mg/kg （equal to 1/10 LD50）, once a day for 4 d. High and low dosage BSHYJDR groups received intragastric BSHYJDR at the dosages of 26.6 and 13.3 g/kg （20 and 10 times each of clinical adult dosage） respectively, while tumor-bearing model group received the equal volume of distilled water once a day for 10 d. On the 11^th d, the mice were weighed and killed, then the tumor was dissected and weighed, the repression rate （RR） was calculated according to the mean weight of tumor （MWT）. RESULTS： Compared to the model group （MWT： 1.30±0.73）, DDP group （MWT： 0.41±0.09, RR： 68.46%） had a significant difference in the inhibition of hepatocarcinoma H22 （P〈0.01）. High dosage BSHYJDR group （MWT： 0.69±0.29, RR： 46.92%） also had a significant difference in inhibition （P〈0.05）, while no difference was found in low dosage BSHYJDR group （MVVT： 0.85±0.34, RR： 34.62%） （P〉0.05）. When DDP was combined with high dosage BSHYJDR （MWT： 0.29±0.17, RR： 77.69%） and low dosage BSHYJDR （MWT： 0.38±0.21, RR： 70.77%） respectively, we could see improvement of the inhibition effect of DDP on transplanted hepatocarcinoma H22. DDP combined with high dosage BSHYJDR had a significant difference （P〈0.001） compared to DDP, while DDP combined with low dosage BSHYJDR only had a little improvement that is not remarkable. CONCLUSION： Chinese medicine BSHYJDR in combination with chemotherapy can inhibit transplanted hepatocarcinorna in mice.

Clinical Study on Zhuyu Tongfu (逐瘀通腑) Serial Recipe Combined with Acupuncture and Massotherapy in Treating Hypertensive Cerebral Hemorrhage

Objective. To observe the clinical efficacy and mechanism of Zhuyu Tongfu （逐瘀通腑, ZYTF） Serial Recipe combined with acupuncture and massotherapy in treating hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage （HCH）. Methods： One hundred and eighteen patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage, on the basis of conventional Western medicine treatment, were randomly divided into ZYTF combined with acupuncture and massotherapy group （treated group） and simple Western medicine group （control group） ; the clinical efficacy, neurofunction deficit scoring （NDS） alterations and hematoma absorption rate of both groups were observed, and also the plasma superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity, plasma lipid peroxidase （LPO） content, erythrocyte glutathion peroxidase （GSH-Px） activity, hematocrit （Ht） and the whole blood viscosity （Va） change were also observed. Results： In the treated group, the clinical efficacy, NDS improvement and hematoma absorption rate were superior to that of the control group; comparison between the two groups after treatment showed that plasma SOD activity and GSH-Px activity got more elevated and plasma LPO content, Ht and Va more lowered in the the treated group than those in the control group. Cenclusien： ZYTF combined with acupuncture and massotherapy has better effect, its therapeutic mechanism was possibly correlated to the elevation of plasma SOD activity, GSH-Px activity and lowering of plasma LPO content, Ht and Va.