Analysis of the Meteorological Conditions for Outbreak of Blue-green Algae in Hongze Lake

Based on the data of 18 cases during the past 30 years from 1978 to 2007,the major meteorological conditions for outbreak of blue-green alga in Hongze Lake were analyzed.The results showed that the main meteorological conditions that affected the production and outbreak of blue-green alga were unusual high monthly average temperature,less precipitation and more sunshine hours in ten days.Through the selection of 1 or 0 factors on the values of above meteorological conditions over the years,if the conditions were accorded with the outbreak of blue-green alga,the factor was signed as 1,or it would be signed as 0;if there was outbreak of blue-green alga within ten days,it was signed as 1,or it would be signed as 0;crossing interrelated and integrated prediction method was adopted to establish the prediction equation for outbreak of blue-green alga,the historical fitting rate was 87.5%,and the predicting accuracy rate in 2008-2009 was 87.5%.In addition to meteorological conditions,outbreak of blue-green alga was also influenced by industrial pollutions,etc.,which should be considered in the forecasting procedures.

BLUE-GREEN ALGAE TOXINS AND LIVER CANCER

Microcystins (MCYSTs) isolated from blue-green algae,are hepatotoxic polypeptides.It will induce severe intrahepatic hemorrhage and liver necrosis at low concentrations in rats and mice.MCYST- LR is one of MCYSTs which consists of 2 variable L- amino acids(leucine and arginine),3 D-amino acids and 2 unusualamino acids(including Adda).MCYSTs bind to protein phosphatase 1 and 2A,and strongly inhibit their activities.The resultant increase of phosphoprotein was referred to be involved in tumor-promoting activity in liver.According to the above results and animal study,MCYST-LR is a potent liver tumor promoter.There were 9 positive from 30 samples of pond-ditch water in high endemic county-Haimen by high-peformance liquid chromatograph and 3 already confirmed by liquid chromograph/mass spectrometer.The quantities of MCYSTs were different between drinking water of liver cancer cases and controls groups.122±0.057and 0.072±0.044μg/200ml respectively) by ELISA. It is not easy to remove by conventional water treatment procedures.The relationship between MCYSTs and oncogenes and anti-oncogenes are under studying.

ISOLATION OF PLASMID FROM THE BLUE-GREEN ALGA SPIRULINA PLATENSIS

CCC plasmid was isolated from an economically important blue-green alga- Spirulina platensis (1.7×106 dalton from the S6 strain and 1.2×106 dalton from the F, strain) using a rapid method based on ultrasonic disruption of algal cells and alkaline removal of chromosomal DNA. The difference in the molecular weight of the OOC DNAs from the two strains differing in form suggests that plasmid may be related with the differentiation of algal form. This modified method, which does not use any lysozyme, is a quick and effective method of plasmid isolation, especially for filamentous blue-green algae.

Present Situation and Control Ideas of Outbreak of Blue-green Algae in Freshwater Lakes in China

Based on the experience and lessons from previous control of lakes, as well as the present situation of water eutrophication and outbreak of blue-green algae in lakes, general ideas of controlling outbreak of blue-green algae in large and middle lakes were proposed. Firstly, it is needed to control serious outbreak of blue-green algae and then build health aquatic ecosystems and corresponding control goals finally. Secondly, quantity of blue-green algae in lakes and lake eutrophication should be reduced at the same time. Thirdly, quantity of reduced blue-green algae must exceed the natural increase of them in quantity persistently, so that outbreak of blue-green algae will reduce and even be eliminated. Fourthly, engineering measures and corresponding safeguard measures to control outbreak of blue-green algae in lakes should be combined.

Setting up the Goal of Eliminating Outbreaks of Blue-green Alga, Innovating the Idea of Controlling the Taihu Lake, and Ensuring the Safety of Water Supply in the Taihu Lake

Since the water supply crisis in the Taihu Lake on May 29,2007,the control of the Taihu Lake has achieved remarkable results,and the eutrophication has been greatly reduced.Existing problems are as follows:outbreaks of blue-green alga still appear seriously every year,and there is no goal to eliminate outbreaks of blue-green alga;the load into the lake greatly exceeds the environmental capacity;reed wetlands are greatly reduced;there is still the possibility of a water supply crisis;the research of eliminating outbreak of blue-green alga is weak.In this paper,the experience of controlling the Taihu Lake is summarized,and the ultimate goals of eliminating eutrophication and outbreaks of blue-green alga and restoring wetlands and biodiversity are proposed.Control measures are proposed,such as deepening the promotion of the lake chief system,establishing the lake chief system in an all-round way,and increasing applied scientific and technological efforts and capital investment.The necessity and possibility of further controlling the Taihu Lake to eliminate outbreaks of blue-green alga should be recognized.Relying on controlling eutrophication alone cannot eliminate outbreaks of blue-green alga.The point that phosphorus control is the key to eliminate outbreaks of blue-green alga is not suitable for the Taihu Lake.The integration ideas of"three types"of technologies should be innovated.The first one is"double reduction and double increase"measures to eliminate eutrophication,of which"double reduction"is to reduce external point sources and non-point sources and internal blue-green alga in sediment;for external sources,the treatment standard of sewage plants should be paid special attention to.The second one is"double algae removal"measures to salvage blue-green alga,suppresses and kills algae.The blue-green alga on the surface,middle and bottom of water should be thoroughly salvaged and eliminated from various water areas.The third one is"double restoration"measures to restore wetlands and biodiversity.The area of wetlands should be restored to the area from the 1960s to the 1970s before outbreaks of blue-green alga,and vegetation coverage reaches 25%-30%.The Taihu Lake is controlled in different waters to ensure water supply safety in water sources.Five suggestions are proposed,such as revising the"Overall Plan for the Comprehensive Treatment of Water Environment in the Taihu Lake Basin"again,incorporating the goal of eliminating outbreaks of blue-green alga in the plan,setting up this research topic,greatly improving sewage treatment standards in local legislation.

Research on the Integrated Planning of Blue-Green Space towards Urban-Rural Resilience:Conceptual Framework and Practicable Approach

Facing the impacts of climate change and the ecological environmental problems caused by urbanization, urban-rural resilience is a new value goal of territorial space development. Blue-green space is an interconnected network system of natural and artificial green space and water bodies, which can dissolve the internal and external pressures of the system by way of mitigatory acceptance and adaptive interaction, reduce the impact of climate change and artificial construction disturbances, and provide diversified composite functions. By recognizing the connotation of the concept of blue-green space, its composite ecological functionality and its relationship with the value of urban-rural resilience, this paper constructs a conceptual framework for the integrated planning of blue-green space in urban and rural areas with “resilient objectives, resource identification, integrated configuration,differentiated regulation”. The paper proposes an integrated and coordinated multi-scale practicable approach of blue-green space planning(i.e., the construction of the blue-green corridor network, the configuration of blue-green open space, the allocation of blue-green infrastructure) and the regulation-based urban-rural transect, with the aim of improving the hydroecological performance and composite functional services in order to realize urban and rural resilience.

Computer simulation on kinetics of primary process in photosynthesis of algae (Ⅳ)——Excitation energy transfer in phycobilisomes from blue-green algae

A more exact model of phycobilisomes has been designed with the rods composed of the hexamer disks and an abstract allophycocyanin (APC) core. Based on this model, the excitation energy transfer was simulated using the computer simulation technique. The simulation shows that the excitation energy is transferred from the outlayer disk to the core in a partly reversible way in phycobilisomes, and that the transfer rate from the last disk to the core is less than those between disks. The energy transfer between the two trimers in a hexamer is dominantly through the α84-chromophores (m), while that between the disks is through the β84-chromophores (f) that are also responsible for the transfer of energy into the core.

Blue-green architecture:A case study analysis considering the synergetic effects of water and vegetation

Blue-green infrastructure is a network of natural and near-natural areas that has a positive effect on the quality of urban environment.This multifunctional planning approach addresses different issues and objectives depending on whether the focus is on the blue(water)or the green(vegetation)elements.Green-motivated projects aim to densify urban vegetation and include the growing sector of building greening.A good climatic effect of vegetation can be achieved by sufficient irrigation.In many cases,this approach results in additional water requirements.Blue-motivated projects consider water accumulation in cities(e.g.,by heavy rainfall)as a waste product and look for solutions for local drainage and evaporation.These planning approaches offer only one-sided solutions and create no sufficient interfaces between water availability and water demand.Based on four case studies,this work examines the extent to which blue-green projects take advantage of the possibilities for the synergetic use of resources.The projects are analyzed graphically by applying the daily tools of architects as a scientific method.A graphic presentation of the blue and green components makes existing solutions and missing links visible.Analytical results show that buildings can be considered to be an interface for blue-green systems.Mloreover,the possible synergies are often overlooked during the planning process.This fact highlights the need for a new planning approach that interlinks blue and green aspects that are already in the early planning stages.

Research Progress on High-Density Optical Storage Materials for Blue-Green Laser Recording

The key for the development of high -density optical storage technology nowadays is to develop short wavelength (blue-green laser) recording media and devices. Based on the progress achieved in the key program of National Natural Science Foundation of China "high-density optical storage materials using blue -green laser recording", the chemical composition, microstructure, storage performance and related mechanisms of some kinds of novel high density optical storage materials are presented in this paper. The research method and clew for super high -density optical storage materials and technologies are highlighted.

State transition in blue-green alga Synechocystis PCC 6803

The mechanism of state transition in blue-green alga Synechocystis PCC 6803 was investigated by using modulated fluorescence. NaF, an inhibitor of phosphatase, did not inhibit state Ⅱ to state Ⅰ transition . Rotenone, a specific inhibitor of NAD(P)H ubiquinone reductase, stimulated transition from state Ⅱ to state I in dark. The results suggest that state transition in blue-green alga Synechocystis PCC 6803 is controlled by redox state of plastiquinone pool, but not by the phosphorylation of thylakoid membrane proteins.

一种Y型延迟荧光分子及其蓝光和绿光OLED应用

以噻吨酮作为受体、3,6-(二咔唑基)三咔唑作为给体设计合成了一种具有延迟荧光特性的Y型分子(TX-TCz)。模拟计算表明化合物HOMO和LUMO能级完全分离且在苯环上存在较小的重叠,有助于获得小的S1和T1的能级差ΔEST。随着溶剂极性的增加,化合物发射峰发生明显的红移且由于电荷转移态和局域激发态的共存产生了双峰发射。在纯膜中TX-TCz的发射峰位于513 nm,量子产率为11.5%。基于低温下荧光和磷光发射峰,计算得到化合物的ΔEST为0.03 eV,并且检测到µs级的寿命,说明化合物具有延迟荧光发射。与此同时,化合物展示了良好的热稳定性能和电化学性能,有助于制备高性能OLED器件。其在掺杂浓度为5%(wt)的器件中展示了良好的蓝光性能,发射峰位于463 nm,最大外量子效率为1.53%;在非掺杂器件中展示了良好的绿光发射(522 nm),最大外量子效率达到1.81%。

不同波长LEDs光源对苦荞芽菜生长、生物活性物积累及抗氧化活性的影响

为探究不同波长LEDs光源对苦荞芽菜生长的影响,本研究以黑暗(D)作对照,采用单色红(R)、蓝(B)、绿(G)光源培养苦荞芽菜,收获后分别测定其形态指标、生物活性物积累量、类黄酮合成关键基因表达量及抗氧化活性指标,结果表明:B处理的苦荞芽菜下胚轴呈深红色,伸长生长受到强烈抑制,花青素、总黄酮及总酚积累量均最高,分别是D的7.18、2.96和2.49倍;R处理的下胚轴呈浅粉色,上述3种生物活性物积累量分别是对照的2.56、1.68和1.40倍;G处理的下胚轴伸长与R相似,外观呈透明白色,生物活性物积累量与对照无显著差异。B和R均强烈诱导类黄酮生物合成通路上关键结构基因表达,显著增加苦荞芽菜下胚轴抗氧化活性。此外,各单色光处理均未显著影响苦荞芽菜可食用部位的鲜重。由此可见,红、蓝LEDs光源可显著影响苦荞芽菜形态生长,并增加其生物活性物积累及抗氧化能力,以蓝光最佳。

水生态系统韧性视角下热带雨林地区的蓝绿空间评价——以五指山市南圣河为例

热带雨林地区因特殊的气候特点及空间特征,河流蓝绿空间面临的雨洪压力与人类社会活动压力较大,其韧性建设对于整个生境具有关键性影响。国内外研究聚焦于韧性承洪实践与韧性评估量化,鲜有基于不同生态压力冲击对河流蓝绿空间开展多维韧性评价。文章以南圣河为对象,基于雨洪等自然灾害的脉冲式压力与人类社会对生态系统施加的慢性压力两类情境,构建水生态系统的“压力-脉冲-韧性”模型,通过“构建理论模型―叠合双维承压评价―解析吻合/冲突点―探析韧性策略”的逻辑方法实现特定地域蓝绿空间的评价与优化。研究发现:1)生态系统服务价值越高,调节功能越高,蓝绿空间韧性越强。2)突发性脉冲方面,在极端日降雨量增加情景下,河流水系的缓冲半径与水源类型密切相关,水库受到水安全威胁的风险大于河流,地表的径流曲线数值(简称CN)一般与历史经验相关。3)慢发性压力方面,韧性压力与城市人口密切相关,人口越密集,韧性压力越大;且不同季候的游憩密度与丰枯期存在分异,丰水期雨洪威胁大,游憩密度低,枯水期雨洪威胁小,游憩密度高。

碳中和背景下蓝碳保护与发展趋势及中国因应

蓝碳具有比传统绿色碳汇更强大的碳捕获和存储能力,保护与发展蓝碳是实现碳中和的重要路径。中国蓝碳资源禀赋优越,蓝碳挖掘潜力巨大、开发利用前景广阔。当前,蓝碳保护与发展在国际层面面临着蓝碳生态系统退化严重、全球碳交易体系缺失等挑战,在中国层面也面临着蓝碳生态系统危机重重、蓝碳监测与核算体系不完备、蓝碳交易体系不健全、缺乏成熟的蓝碳法治保障等问题。从国际社会实践看,蓝色碳汇已然由科研概念阶段迈入实用工具阶段,未来蓝碳纳入气候变化法律与框架将是完善全球气候治理体系之必然;从国内实践看,中国对于蓝碳的相关研究已经由跟随转至逐渐引领,国内各项政策试点也在有序推进。面对国内外蓝碳发展局势,中国自价值、技术、制度、立法等多个方面作出因应,着力挖掘蓝碳资源固碳增汇潜力是把握蓝碳发展机遇的必然,对于助力碳中和目标实现价值重大、意义深远。

基于蓝绿基础设施的大运河四女寺枢纽区域生态安全格局构建

大运河长期参与并影响沿线人居环境建设活动,由此衍生的水利枢纽工程影响着区域生态安全的维持。文中以大运河关键水利枢纽工程区域——四女寺枢纽区域为研究对象,基于2023年土地利用数据,通过形态学空间格局分析、景观连通性评价和最小累积阻力模型,对区域蓝绿基础设施数据进行收集、分析,结果共识别出16个生态源地、15条重点潜在生态廊道与105条一般潜在生态廊道;构建“一核两心,三带四轴,多节点,多廊道”的区域生态安全格局;最后,基于区域上位规划与景观空间特点提出生态安全格局优化建议,即蓝绿整合的韧性优化、多样保护的体系优化和突破边界的协同优化。研究结果可为大运河枢纽区域文化遗产保护和生态环境保护修复提供循证依据,并为国土空间规划与生态文明建设提供参考。

四川天府新区BGI复合功能空间分异特征及其景观格局驱动机制研究

蓝绿基础设施(Blue-Green Infrastructure, BGI)是实现适应气候变化战略目标的重要工具.研究BGI景观格局和功能的空间关系,旨在为城市气候适应性建设提供依据.以四川天府新区(含协调管控区)为例,基于遥感影像数据,从气候适应性视角出发,进行BGI复合功能评价和空间分异特征分析,并运用地理探测器进一步揭示景观格局主要驱动因子及驱动机制.结果表明:(1)复合功能等级整体呈现从龙泉山脉向东西两侧递减趋势,高服务功能集中分布在龙泉山脉、彭祖山景区和三岔湖景区东南方向的协调管控区域.(2)复合功能等级空间分布格局整体呈显著空间正向自相关关系,具有显著高高(HH)、低低(LL)、高低(HL)聚集特征.(3)景观组成类型、网络结构要素类型、斑块密度指数(PD)和面积加权平均形状指数(AWMSI)是复合功能空间分异的主要驱动因子;景观组成类型、网络结构要素类型是复合功能空间分异的主要交互驱动因子.研究探明了景观格局对BGI复合功能空间分异的驱动机制,可用于指导研究区城市气候适应性建设.

苏南水网地区蓝绿空间格局多情景模拟预测

【目的】模拟预测苏南水网地区蓝绿空间格局多情景发展趋势,探究促进地区可持续发展的情景方案。【方法】以江苏省苏州市吴江南片区为例,设置自然发展、生态保护优先和城镇发展优先等3种情景,借助CA-Markov模型,对2030年蓝绿空间格局变化趋势进行多情景模拟分析,并运用形态学空间格局分析(MSPA)和景观连通性评价解读蓝绿空间景观生态结构与生态格局特征。【结果】不同发展情景下蓝绿空间规模与格局变化差异显著。自然发展和城镇发展优先情景下,蓝绿空间面积呈现加速减少趋势,分别减少了3626.37、7145.74 hm^(2)。蓝绿空间核心区、孔隙等形态类型负向变化剧烈,蓝绿空间破碎度增加,连通性降低。生态保护优先情景与自然发展和城镇发展优先情景相比,蓝绿空间面积分别增加了2904.30、6423.67 hm^(2),蓝绿空间核心区等形态类型增幅明显,孔隙率显著降低,蓝绿空间破碎度降低,连通性增强。【结论】自然发展和城镇发展优先情景对水网地区蓝绿空间呈现负向影响趋势,生态保护优先情景在维持蓝绿空间面积与格局稳定,改善蓝绿空间连通性方面效果显著。

豫中地区蓝绿空间演化及其驱动因素研究——以河南省许昌市为例

伴随着城镇化的迅速推进,城市蓝绿空间持续受到侵蚀,探究蓝绿空间演化特征及其驱动因素对生态环境、居民生活品质提升以及区域可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究基于河南省许昌市2000-2020年土地利用数据,应用土地利用转移矩阵、地学信息图谱等方法,探究了许昌市20年内蓝绿空间演化特征及其规律,并构建斑块级土地利用变化模拟模型(PLUS模型),解析各驱动因素对蓝绿空间演变的影响。结果表明:1)研究区在城市化背景下,各类用地转换频繁,蓝绿空间整体连通性降低、破碎度增大。2)研究区耕地面积缩减显著,达1041.6708 km^(2)。草地、林地、水域面积进一步变大,其中水域增加面积最大,为656.5630 km^(2),林地最小,仅增加87.9462 km^(2)。3)耕地减少区域主要集中于襄城县西南和东南,建安区北部和东部等区域,耕地面积主要转化为林地、草地和建设用地;水域扩张区域分布于长葛市中部、建安区中部和魏都区东部,主要由林地和耕地转入;草地面积呈“摊大饼”式均匀扩张;林地增量主要由耕地和草地转入。4)蓝绿空间演变是多种因素共同作用的结果。人口、农业生产总值等是耕地减少的主导因素;气温、坡度等对水域空间的保护与建设有一定正向作用;坡度、高程等自然因素与GDP等社会因素对草地的扩张有一定正向作用;林地主要受高程、降水、坡度及土壤的影响。研究结果对豫中地区制定科学合理的城市蓝绿空间发展战略、提高生态环境质量等具有一定的指导价值。

木材气凝胶负载纳米零价铁的绿色合成及应用研究

植物提取物还原制备绿色纳米零价铁因环境友好、反应条件温和、形貌可控等优势成为当前的研究热点。以生物质资源木材气凝胶为载体,以落叶松单宁为多功能反应平台,成功制备了一种可高效去除亚甲基蓝的木材气凝胶负载纳米零价铁复合材料,并探究了铁盐种类、pH值等对亚甲基蓝去除效果的影响。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)对木材气凝胶负载纳米零价铁复合材料进行了表征。结果表明:该复合材料在4次重复使用后对亚甲基蓝仍具有85%以上的去除率,且该方法在多种农林废弃物基材上都具有适用性,是一种绿色、环保、高效的通用型方法。

2015—2020年黑龙江省大兴安岭地区蓝绿空间土地利用变化及其对碳储量的影响

[目的]预测黑龙江省大兴安岭地区蓝绿空间用地变化并分析其对碳储量的影响,为实现大兴安岭“双碳”目标提供科学参考。[方法]基于2015,2020年黑龙江省大兴安岭地区土地利用数据,通过二元Logistic回归检验的驱动因子引入PLUS模型,预测2030年蓝绿空间用地格局,耦合InVEST模型分析蓝绿空间变化对碳储量的影响,量化并验证蓝绿空间对碳储量波动的主要驱动地类。[结果]①2015—2030年蓝绿空间持续增长,林地均达蓝绿空间转入的60%以上,占绝对优势。②2015—2020年蓝绿空间占碳储量增长空间总面积的96.52%,2030年自然发展、蓝绿空间保护、城镇快速发展情景碳储量分别为1.4594×10^(9),1.4831×10^(9)和1.4647×10^(9)t,主要为大量非蓝绿空间向林地、草地的转入,其中蓝绿空间保护对碳储量增加作用最明显。③蓝绿空间中林地、草地、水域聚集程度与碳储量呈显著正相关,林地、草地为碳储量变化第一、第二主导地类。[结论]未来应延续优良生态政策,对黑龙江省大兴安岭地区蓝绿空间进行重点保护,提高林地、草地结构完整性,助力该地区实现“双碳”目标。