Women on Boards of Directors

This research aims to measure the current gender representation in membership of boards of directors,and to study the factors affecting the presence of women on boards.The results of the study will support the decision makers and policy makers at all levels by providing knowledge that contributes to bridging the current gap in participation of women boards.The methodology used in this research is the descriptive analytical approach,which relies on quantitative methods in the process of collecting and analyzing data.This study represents the boards of directors in the three sectors(public,private,and non-profit)in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,The study sample contained 350 targets,where a random sample of 150 people in the public sector,100 people in the private sector,and 100 people in the non-profit sector were selected.The research result found that the majority of the responses believe that the lack of experience and training,and social factors,are the most impact areas of explaining the reasons for the existence of a gap in women’s membership in boards of directors in the three sectors.And the most important reasons for the existence of a gender gap in board membership are:there is no statutory minimum percentage for women’s representation on boards of directors,and scarcity of female competencies in general,and the lack of women occupying leadership positions.

Experimental and numerical study regarding H-steel all-bolted connection steel frame with composite wall boards

H-steel all-bolted connection steel frame structures with heat preservation and decoration composite wall boards were investigated and the seismic performances of three scaled specimens were studied.The failure modes,hysteresis curves,bearing capacity,ductility,energy dissipation capacity,stiffness degradation and strain distribution were discussed.The calculation method of structural theoretical internal force was presented.The results showed that the overall structural seismic performance was better,and the structural ductility met the demands of elastic-plastic inter-story drift angle for seismic design.The H-steel weak-axis connection structure obtained better energy dissipation capacity,and its bearing capacity and stiffness were slightly different from the strong-axis connection.The heat preservation and decoration performance of composite wallboard and the all-bolted connection of the steel frame realized prefabrication during the whole construction period.The plastic hinge of the steel beam can be moved outwards because of the L-angles,which effectively avoids stress concentration in joint areas and expands the plastic hinge range.The errors between the theoretical structural capacity calculated by the plastic analysis method and the test results were within 2.44%.In addition,structural failure mechanisms and bearing capacities were verified by the finite element(FE)analysis,and the effects of the main parameters on the structures were investigated.The FE verification results were the same as in the test.The research results provide theoretical support and technical guidance for the application of thermal insulation and decorative composite wall panels in H-shaped steel all-bolted steel frames.

Sandwich structured ultra-strong-heat-shielding aerogel/copper composite insulation board for safe lithium-ion batteries modules

The fire hazard of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)modules is extremely serious due to their high capacity.Moreover,once a battery catches fire,it can easily result in a fire of the entire LIBs modules.In this work,a sandwich structure composite thermal insulation(STI)board(copper//silica dioxide aerogel//copper)with the advantages of low thermal conductivity(0.031 W m-1K-1),low surface radiation emissivity(0.1)and good thermal convection inhibition effect has been designed.The thermal runaway(TR)occurrence time of adjacent LIBs increases from 1384 s to more than 6 h+due to the protection of STI board.No TR propagation occurs within LIBs modules with protect of a STI board when a battery catches fire.The ultra-strong-heat-shielding mechanism of STI board has been revealed.The TR propagation of LIBs modules has been insulated effectively by STI board through reducing the heat transfer of convection,conduction and radiation.The air flow rate between the heater and LIBs and radiant heat absorbed by LIBs decrease by 63.5%and 35.1%with protection of STI board,respectively.A high temperature difference inside the STI board is also formed.This work provides direction for the designing of safe thermal insulation board for LIBs modules.

Experimental study of polyurea-coated fiber-reinforced cement boards under gas explosions

Five types of polyurea elastomers were synthesized by changing the isocyanate component and the mechanical properties of polyurea materials were measured. Fiber-reinforced cement boards(FRCB)strengthened by polyurea with different formulations were processed, and a series of experiments were carried out on the specimens with gas explosion devices. The results showed that the conventional mechanical properties of different types of polyureas had their own advantages. Based on the gas explosion overpressure criterion, the blast resistances of reinforced plates were quantitatively evaluated,and the best polyurea was selected to guide the formulation design. The three typical failure modes of polyurea-reinforced FRCBs were flexural, shear, and flexural-shear failure. Dynamic thermodynamics and shock wave spectral analysis revealed that the polyurea did not undergo a glass transition in the gas explosion tests but retained its elastic properties, allowing it to effectively wrap the fragments formed by the brittle substrates.

Editorial board publication strategy and acceptance rates in Turkish national journals

Purpose: This study takes advantage of newly released journal metrics to investigate whether local journals with more qualified boards have lower acceptance rates, based on data from 219 Turkish national journals and 2,367 editorial board members.Design/methodology/approach: This study argues that journal editors can signal their scholarly quality by publishing in reputable journals. Conversely, editors publishing inside articles in affiliated national journals would send negative signals. The research predicts that high(low) quality editorial boards will conduct more(less) selective evaluation and their journals will have lower(higher) acceptance rates. Based on the publication strategy of editors, four measures of board quality are defined: Number of board inside publications per editor(INSIDER), number of board Social Sciences Citation Index publications per editor(SSCI), inside-to-SSCI article ratio(ISRA), and board citation per editor(CITATION). Predictions are tested by correlation and regression analysis.Findings: Low-quality board proxies(INSIDER, ISRA) are positively, and high-quality board proxies(SSCI, CITATION) are negatively associated with acceptance rates. Further, we find that receiving a larger number of submissions, greater women representation on boards, and Web of Science and Scopus(WOSS) coverage are associated with lower acceptance rates. Acceptance rates for journals range from 12% to 91%, with an average of 54% and a median of 53%. Law journals have significantly higher average acceptance rate(68%) than other journals, while WOSS journals have the lowest(43%). Findings indicate some of the highest acceptance rates in Social Sciences literature, including competitive Business and Economics journals that traditionally have low acceptance rates. Limitations: Research relies on local context to define publication strategy of editors. Findings may not be generalizable to mainstream journals and core science countries where emphasis on research quality is stronger and editorial selection is based on scientific merit.Practical implications: Results offer useful insights into editorial management of national journals and allow us to make sense of local editorial practices. The importance of scientific merit for selection to national journal editorial boards is particularly highlighted for sound editorial evaluation of submitted manuscripts.Originality/value: This is the first attempt to document a significant relation between acceptance rates and editorial board publication behavior.

Internet of Things Supported Airport Boarding System and Evaluation with Fuzzy

The existing systems sustained with the investments made require more automation and digital transformation with the continuous advancement of tech-nology.The aviation industry is a sector that is open to more automation and digi-tal transformation,mainly because of the intense competition and the analysis of a large variety of data.The long duration of operations in current airline processes and some processflows cause customer dissatisfaction and cost increase.In this study,the boarding process,which is one of the operational processes of airline transportation and is open to improvement,was discussed.The classical boarding process has been redesigned using Internet of Things technology a model called Boarding 4.0 was created.With Boarding 4.0,it is aimed to design a process where passengers can take their time before boarding more efficiently.In the study,the sub-processes of the Boarding 4.0 model,other processes that the sub-processes interact with,their activities,and data exchange passenger move-ments during the activities are explained in detail.Compared to the classical boarding process and Boarding 4.0 with the fuzzy ahp technique,it has been shown that boarding 4.0 is more advantageous and passenger movement times can be reduced during boarding.As a result of the evaluation made with the fuzzy ahp,it was determined that boarding 4.0 is more advantageous than the classical boarding process.In addition,when the total time of the sub-activities in the board-ing process is calculated,boarding activities for a passenger take 50 min with the classic boarding process and 20 min with Boarding 4.0.Thus,when Boarding 4.0 is used,the passenger gains 30 min.Furthermore,when the calculation is made concerning the airport’s current capacity,two passengers are hosted with the clas-sical boarding process,whilefive passengers are hosted with Boarding 4.0.This acquisition is significant for airports in terms of efficient use of resources.

Detection Algorithm of Surface Defect Word on Printed Circuit Board

For Printed Circuit Board(PCB)surface defect detection,traditional detection methods mostly focus on template matching-based reference method and manual detections,which have the disadvantages of low defect detection efficiency,large errors in defect identification and localization,and low versatility of detectionmethods.In order to furthermeet the requirements of high detection accuracy,real-time and interactivity required by the PCB industry in actual production life.In the current work,we improve the Youonly-look-once(YOLOv4)defect detection method to train and detect six types of PCB small target defects.Firstly,the original Cross Stage Partial Darknet53(CSPDarknet53)backbone network is preserved for PCB defect feature information extraction,and secondly,the original multi-layer cascade fusion method is changed to a single-layer feature layer structure to greatly avoid the problem of uneven distribution of priori anchor boxes size in PCB defect detection process.Then,the K-means++clustering method is used to accurately cluster the anchor boxes to obtain the required size requirements for the defect detection,which further improves the recognition and localization of small PCB defects.Finally,the improved YOLOv4 defect detection model is compared and analyzed on PCB dataset with multi-class algorithms.The experimental results show that the average detection accuracy value of the improved defect detection model reaches 99.34%,which has better detection capability,lower leakage rate and false detection rate for PCB defects in comparison with similar defect detection algorithms.

Modeling of Micropores Drilling Force for Printed Circuit Board Micro-holes Based on Energy Method

The quality of printed circuit board(PCB)micro-hole processing directly determines the stability of the inner and outer circuit connections.Micro-hole drilling technology is a typical method for PCB micro-hole processing.The problem of optimal control of its drilling force is one of the main factors affecting the quality of micro-hole machining.To address this problem,the thrust forces and torques in PCB drilling were first modeled and analyzed,and the corresponding prediction models were established.The drilling force analysis was carried out through the micro-hole drilling experiment,the specific cutting energy under different feed rates was calculated,the influence of the size effect was clarified,and the accuracy of the prediction model was verified.The result shows that during the drilling of glass fiber cloth,changes in the material removal mechanism are induced as the feed per revolution is varied.When the feed per revolution is less than the tool edge radius,the glass fiber is not cut by the main cutting edge,but is crushed and broken.When the feed per revolution is greater than the radius of the tool edge,the glass fiber is cut by the main cutting edge.At the same time,the established analytical model can accurately reflect the influence of the size effect on the drilling torque in PCB micro-hole drilling,and the error is within 10%.This method has certain practical application value in controlling PCB micro hole processing quality.

Cardboard Eco-Bundle as an Alternative for Collation Shrink Film

Due to increasing pressure on brand owners and distributors to avoid single use plastics such as plastic bundle packaging, a new bundle packaging that consists of corrugated board only, has been designed. Obviously this new packaging should equally enable transportability. This study compares the transportability of bundles using corrugated board on the one hand and bundles using plastic collation shrink film on the other. In particular, the resistance to varying horizontal inertial forces is compared experimentally. All tested bundle packagings of corrugated board perform well above expectations and significantly better than shrink film packaging. All additional requirements regarding marketing, durability, consumer convenience, …are met.

基于EdgeBoard的AI视觉多功能智能车的设计与实现

以百度飞桨PaddlePaddle作为运算平台,采用卷积神经网络算法构建数据模型,对智能车赛道数据进行了采集和处理,并基于百度深度学习开源平台AI Studio进行模型训练,完成对车道数据的检测.本系统实现了将赛道检测的人工智能技术与传统运用传感器进行侧面标识物的检测相结合,最终完成基于百度EdgeBoard计算板和Wobot控制器的视觉多功能智能车的设计与实现.

基于ZedBoard的SCA架构的设计与实现

Zed Board是Xilinx公司首款融合了ARM Cortex A9双核和7系列FPGA的全可编程片上系统,兼具ARM和FPGA两者的优势,是小型化SCA实现的最佳嵌入式平台之一。本文介绍了Zed Board平台的硬件结构,并针对SCA架构在专用硬件平台上无法实现的问题,通过分析研究MHAL硬件抽象层技术和OCP接口规范,设计了符合ZedBoard平台硬件环境的MHAL硬件抽象接口和FPGA波形组件容器,有效地解决了SCA架构在Zed Board平台上的实现问题,为在Zed Board上实现以SCA架构为核心的系统开发打下了基础。

Influence of Board Mechanisms on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures in Nigeria: A Study of Oil and Gas Sector of the Economy

The study examined the influence of board mechanisms on corporate social responsibility disclosure among oil and gas quoted companies in Nigeria for ten(10)years period(2012-2021).Board mechanisms variables of board independence,board size as well as board gender diversity were analyzed to determine their influence on corporate social responsibility disclosures.Data obtained from the financial statement of various sampled companies were suitably analyzed with the help of descriptive statistics,correlation as well as regression analysis by making use of E-view(9.0)econometric packages.Regression result reveals that board independence has significant and negative influence on corporate social responsibility disclosures while board size and board gender diversity have insignificant and negative influence on corporate social responsibility disclosures of various companies.The study therefore arrived at a conclusion that board independence on the board brings about improvement on corporate social responsibility disclosure among quoted oil and gas companies in Nigeria.

宫颈癌IMRT治疗中俯卧位Belly-board不同位置对靶区动度和剂量分布的影响

目的探讨宫颈癌俯卧位IMRT时Belly-board不同位置对靶区动度和剂量分布的影响。方法分别测量10例宫颈癌患者在Belly-board上两种体位(PⅠ:耻骨联合上缘置于Belly-board孔下缘;PⅡ:骶髂关节的下缘置于Belly-board孔下缘)下靶区移动的范围及靶区剂量分布,比较两者的关系。结果靶区在腹背方向存在一定的移动(1～1.5cm),有统计学意义(P<0.05),而在水平及头脚方向的移动无统计学意义(P>0.05);但靶区移动时,靶区本身在各剂量区的受照体积差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 Belly-board的位置不同会造成靶区的空间位置改变,但靶区移动对靶区剂量分布无影响。

Linux2.6.16在嵌入式模块X-Board(GP8)上的移植

Linux2.6.16在嵌入式模块X-Board(GP8)上的移植,采用的交叉编译环境为VMWareWorkstation5.0+RedHat9.0。步骤包括交叉编译环境的搭建,内核定制,Ramdisk文件系统的定制,RedBoot操作等。其根文件的制作则通过建立相关目录、添加/dev目录下的设备文件、busybox制作等实现。

Reducing resin content and board density without adversely affecting the mechanical properties of particleboard through controlling particle size

Density and resin content are two factors that have a significant effect on the production cost of wood composite. However, particle size affects resin content and density, which suggests that the interaction of these three factors can be manipulated to reduce the board density and resin content of particleboard without adversely influencing its mechanical properties. Some mathematical functional forms based on resin content, board density and slenderness ratio were regressed and an appropriate form was chosen. According to analysis of the results using SHAZAM 9 software, the exponential function best fit the experimental data. Finally, ＂indifference curves＂ of mechanical properties were illustrated and analyzed. The results indicated that negative effects of density or resin content reduction on mechanical properties could be compensated for by controlling particles＇ slenderness ratio. Interestingly, increases in slenderness ratio compensated for the negative effects of decreases in resin content or board density on module of rupture （MOR） and module of elasticity （MOE）. Moreover, this ＂compensation ratio＂ intensified as resin content or density decreased and/or as the MOR or MOE increased. On the other hand, reduction in slenderness ratio indicated a comple- mentary effect on reducing internal bond （IB） strength, a result of decreases in resin content or density. Moreover, this ＂complementary ratio＂ was intensified as resin content or density decreased and/or as IB strength increased.

利用Smart board电子白板解决键盘乐教学难题初探

键盘乐教学,无论在中小学还是在师范类或专业大学,都存在着重复劳动、资源浪费和贵族教育等弊端。本文从Smart board电子白板辅助讲解键盘和曲目、示范演奏、记录保存教学过程等方面对键盘乐教学进行了讨论和建议,希望以此能使中小学不敢涉足或深究的键盘乐教学难题能有所起色。

NANO BOARD隔热板的性能及在铝合金机边保温炉上的应用

为降低炉子能耗，保证铝合金的铝水品质，基于纳米材料的结构特点，采用特殊制备工艺及结合剂，研制生产了NANOBOARD隔热材料。该材料在温度1000℃时的体积密度为0．2～0．4g·cm^-3，热导率比传统隔热材料低20％～50％。在铝合金机边保温炉上应用表明，在砌筑厚度相同的情况下，与其他隔热材料相比，NANO BOARD隔热材料可使炉体表面温度平均降低30～40℃，达到节能目的，而投资成本回收期不到一年。

Organo-silane compounds in medium density fiberboard:physical and mechanical properties

We studied the effects of nanoparticles of organo-silane（NOS） compounds in the size range of20–80 nm on physical and mechanical properties in medium density fiberboard,and used NOS at four consumption levels of 0,50,100,and 150 g kg-1dry wood fibers.Density of all treatments was kept constant at 0.67 g cm-3.The water-repellent property of organo-silane significantly reduced water absorption（WA） and thickness swelling but mechanical properties declined due to the reduced proportion of wood-fiber as organo-silane was added to the matrix：the compression ratio of MDF panels and the integrity among wood-fibers both declined,resulting in reduced mechanical properties.We recommend use of 50 g of NOS/kg wood-fiber to improve WA and thickness swelling while retaining acceptable mechanical properties.

基于HiveBoard的嵌入式系统1卡启动的研究与实现

HiveBoard是东南大学研究人员设计的一款基于国产微处理器的信用卡大小的单板计算机,它实现了使用一张SD卡一次实现嵌入式系统的完整启动。首先介绍了HiveBoard基本配置,分析了典型嵌入式系统的启动方式以及SD卡数据存储与FAT16文件系统相关知识,重点阐述了设计者巧妙地将嵌入式系统所必须的U-Boot、Linux内核和文件系统集成在一张SD卡中并实现完整系统启动的原理和方法,并呈现了整个启动流程。

基于Black board优化高校网络远程教学效果的策略研究

通过对使用BB网络教学平台进行网络远程教学和网络辅助教学的暨南大学深圳旅游学院进行调查,作者在影响网络远程教学效果的因素中寻找最为关键的影响因子,从而提出了优化使用的策略。