[ Objective] To study the effects of astragalus powder on serum lipids and body fat contents of fast large-scale quality chickens, and thus provide a theoretical basis for its application in poultry production,[ Metho...[ Objective] To study the effects of astragalus powder on serum lipids and body fat contents of fast large-scale quality chickens, and thus provide a theoretical basis for its application in poultry production,[ Method ] All the 180 1-day-old healthy Liangfeng chickens were randomly divided into six groups. Group 1 was the control group, fed with basal diet; group 2, group 3 and group 4 were fed with basal diet added with 0.75%, 1.0% and 1.25% astragalus powder, respectively; group 5 and group 6 were separately fed with basal diet added with 1.0% and 1.25% astragalus pow- der, but the astragalus powder was used for 10 d and then was forbidden for 10 d in turn during the whole experiment. The content of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TCHO), high-density lipoprotein-Cholesterol ( HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C) were respectively determined when the chickens were 35-day-old and 63-day-old, while the percentage of abdominal fat (PAF) as well as intramuscular fat (IMF) and subcutaneous fat ply (SFP) was measured when the chickens were 63-day-old. [ Result] In 35-day-old chickens, the levels of TCHO were sig- nificantly or very significantly lower in group 3, group 4, and group 6 than in control group ( P 〈0.05 or 0.01 ) ; the levels of LDL-C significantly lower in group 3 and group 6 ( P〈0. 05) ; the level of HDL-C significantly higher in group 5 (P〈0.05). In 63-day-old chickens, the levels of TCHO and LDL-C were significantly or very significantly lower in group 3, group 4, and group 5 than in control group ( P 〈 0.05 or 0.01 ) while the levels of HDL-C were significantly higher in these groups; the PAF was significantly lower in group 3 ( P 〈 0.05). [ Condasion] Astragalus powder should re- duce the levels of TG, TCHO and LDL-C, promote HDL-C content, and also play a certain regulative role in deposition of abdominal fat.展开更多
Background:Areal bone mineral density(aBMD)applied for osteoporosis diagnosis unavoidably results in the missingdiagnosis in patients with large bones and misdiagnosis in those with small bones.Therefore,we try to fin...Background:Areal bone mineral density(aBMD)applied for osteoporosis diagnosis unavoidably results in the missingdiagnosis in patients with large bones and misdiagnosis in those with small bones.Therefore,we try to find a new adjusted index of bone mineral content(BMC)to make up shortcomings of aBMD in osteoporosis diagnosis.Methods:In this multi-center epidemiological study,BMC and aBMD of lumbar spines(n=5510)and proximal femurs(n=4710)were measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA).We analyzed the correlation between the bone mass and body weight in all subjects including four age groups(<19 years,20-39 years,40-49 years,>50 years).And then the body weight was used for standardizing BMC(named wBMC)and applied for the epidemiological analysis of osteoporosis?Results:The correlation of body weight and BMC is 0.839 to 0.931 of lumbar vertebra 1-4(Li_4),and 0.71 to 0.95 of femoral neck in different age groups.When aBMD was applied for diagnosing osteoporosis,the prevalence was 7.55%,16.39%,and 25.83%in patients with a high,intermediate,and low body weight respectively.However,the prevalence was 21.8%,18.03%,and 11.64%by wBMC applied for diagnosing osteoporosis.Moreover,the prevalence of osteoporosis increased by 3.76%by wBMC with the body weight increased by 5 kg.The prevalence decreased by 1.94%when the body weight decreased by 5 kg.Conclusions:wBMC can reduce the missed diagnosis in patients with large body weight and reduce misdiagnosis in those with small body weight.Including children,wBMC may be feasible for osteoporosis diagnosis individuals at any age.展开更多
To study the high-fat-diet induced rat obesity and the of fect of endurance training on the body fat content of obese rats, we randomly divided 66 male weanling SD rats into control(16 rats) and high fat diet group(50...To study the high-fat-diet induced rat obesity and the of fect of endurance training on the body fat content of obese rats, we randomly divided 66 male weanling SD rats into control(16 rats) and high fat diet group(50 rats). After 10 weeks, we chose diet-induced obese rats(DIO, 26 rats) and divided them into endurance training group(DIO-T, 8 rats) and DIO groups(DIO, 18 rats) randomly. Aner 8 weeks, endurance training, all rats were killed. The results showed that nosignificant difference was found between groups in body weight, the feed efficiency of DIO groups was higher than control groups, tke carass fat con tent of DIO-T group was significantlylower than DIO group, and plasma insulin concentration of DIO group was higher than control and DIO-T groups. It was suggested that rats’ obesity was induced obesity by high fat diet, dietary obesity had relation to higher eding efficiency and hyperinsulinemia. Endurance training can effectively reduce the body fat content of high-fat-diet induced obese rats by improving its hyper-insulinemia. Plasma TCH and TG of all rats had no significant difference.展开更多
BACKGROUND Low bone mineral density(BMD)is common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.However,nutritional risk factors for low BMD in the ulcerative colitis(UC)population are still poorly understood.AIM To inv...BACKGROUND Low bone mineral density(BMD)is common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.However,nutritional risk factors for low BMD in the ulcerative colitis(UC)population are still poorly understood.AIM To investigate the association of anthropometric indicators and body composition with BMD in patients with UC.METHODS This is a cross-sectional study on adult UC patients of both genders who were followed on an outpatient basis.A control group consisting of healthy volunteers,family members,and close people was also included.The nutritional indicators evaluated were body mass index(BMI),total body mass(TBM),waist circumference(WC),body fat in kg(BFkg),body fat in percentage(BF%),trunk BF(TBF),and also lean mass.Body composition and BMD assessments were performed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.RESULTS The sociodemographic characteristics of patients with UC(n=68)were similar to those of healthy volunteers(n=66)(P>0.05).Most patients(97.0%)were in remission of the disease,58.8%were eutrophic,33.8%were overweight,39.0%had high WC,and 67.6%had excess BF%.However,mean BMI,WC,BFkg,and TBF of UC patients were lower when compared to those of the control group(P<0.05).Reduced BMD was present in 41.2%of patients with UC(38.2%with osteopenia and 2.9%with osteoporosis)and 3.0%in the control group(P<0.001).UC patients with low BMD had lower BMI,TBM,and BFkg values than those with normal BMD(P<0.05).Male patients were more likely to have low BMD(prevalence ratio[PR]=1.86;95%confidence interval[CI]:1.07-3.26).Those with excess weight(PR=0.43;95%CI:0.19-0.97)and high WC(PR=0.44;95%CI:0.21-0.94)were less likely to have low BMD.CONCLUSION Patients with UC in remission have a high prevalence of metabolic bone diseases.Body fat appears to protect against the development of low BMD in these patients.展开更多
Purpose: Bone marrow and muscle adiposity have been considered to correlate with osteoporosis and Sarcopenia. Proton Density Fat Fraction (PDFF) can be measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The purpose of the ...Purpose: Bone marrow and muscle adiposity have been considered to correlate with osteoporosis and Sarcopenia. Proton Density Fat Fraction (PDFF) can be measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The purpose of the present study was to measure PDFF in the lumbar spine, paraspinal muscle and subcutaneous fat tissue. Methods: Participants were comprised of 30 patients (18 males, 12 females;age range, 14 - 87 years) who underwent MRI due to low back symptoms. PDFFs for the body of the fourth lumbar vertebra (L4), paraspinal muscle, and subcutaneous fat were measured. Results: PDFFs of the vertebral body and subcutaneous fat were significantly higher than that of paraspinal muscle (p < 0.001). PDFF was significantly higher for subcutaneous fat than for the vertebral body (p < 0.001). Although no significant differences in PDFF of the vertebral body, paraspinal muscle, and subcutaneous fat between females and males, PDFFs of the vertebral body and paraspinal muscle were significantly higher in older subjects (>63 years) than in younger subjects (Conclusions: PDFF of the vertebral body was significantly higher than that of paraspinal muscle. PDFFs of the vertebral body and paraspinal muscle were significantly lower in younger subjects than in older subjects.展开更多
A bone cell population dynamics model for cor- tical bone remodeling under mechanical stimulus is devel- oped in this paper. The external experiments extracted from the literature which have not been used in the creat...A bone cell population dynamics model for cor- tical bone remodeling under mechanical stimulus is devel- oped in this paper. The external experiments extracted from the literature which have not been used in the creation of the model are used to test the validity of the model. Not only can the model compare reasonably well with these ex- perimental results such as the increase percentage of final values of bone mineral content (BMC) and bone fracture en- ergy (BFE) among different loading schemes (which proves the validity of the model), but also predict the realtime devel- opment pattern of BMC and BFE, as well as the dynamics of osteoblasts (OBA), osteoclasts (OCA), nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) for each loading scheme, which can hardly be monitored through experiment. In conclusion, the model is the first of its kind that is able to provide an in- sight into the quantitative mechanism of bone remodeling at cellular level by which bone cells are activated by mechan- ical stimulus in order to start resorption/formation of bone mass. More importantly, this model has laid a solid foun- dation based on which future work such as systemic control theory analysis of bone remodeling under mechanical stimu- lus can be investigated. The to-be identified control mecha- nism will help to develop effective drugs and combined non- pharmacological therapies to combat bone loss pathologies. Also this deeper understanding of how mechanical forces quantitatively interact with skeletal tissue is essential for the generation of bone tissue for tissue replacement purposes in tissue engineering.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the change of bone parameters in a new model of experimentally induced liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in growing rats. METHODS: Fischer-344 rats (n = 55) were used. Carbon...AIM: To investigate the change of bone parameters in a new model of experimentally induced liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in growing rats. METHODS: Fischer-344 rats (n = 55) were used. Carbon tetrachloride (CCh), phenobarbital (PB), and a single diethylnitrosamine (DEN) injection were used. Animals were killed at wk 8 and 16. Bone mineral content, femoral length, cortical index (quotient of cortical thickness and whole diameter) and ultimate bending load (Fmax) of the femora were determined. The results in animals treated with DEN+PB+CCh (DPC, n = 21) were com- pared to those in untreated animals (UNT, n = 14) and in control group treated only with DEN+PB (DP, n = 20). RESULTS: Fatty liver and cirrhosis developed in each DPC-treated rat at wk 8 and HCC was presented at wk 16. No skeletal changes were found in this group at wk 8, but each parameter was lower (P〈0.05 for each) at wk 16 in comparison to the control group. Neither fatty liver nor cirrhosis was observed in DP-treated animals at any time point. Femoral length and Fmax values were higher (P〈0.05 for both) in DP-treated animals at wk 8 compared to the UNT controls. However, no difference was found at wk 16. CONCLUSION: Experimental liver cirrhosis and HCC are accompanied with inhibited skeletal growth, reduced bone mass, and decreased mechanical resistance in growing rats. Our results are in concordance withthe data of other studies using different animal models. A novel finding is the transiently accelerated skeletal growth and bone strength after a 8-wk long phenobarbital treatment following diethylnitrosamine injection.展开更多
目的探讨骨质疏松性骨折人群的骨密度与跌倒风险、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、肌力、体脂含量的相关性。方法通过对4 632例社区45岁以上绝经后女性的问卷调研及骨密度筛查,筛查出既往有脆性骨折史的骨质疏松性骨折人群。测定骨...目的探讨骨质疏松性骨折人群的骨密度与跌倒风险、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、肌力、体脂含量的相关性。方法通过对4 632例社区45岁以上绝经后女性的问卷调研及骨密度筛查,筛查出既往有脆性骨折史的骨质疏松性骨折人群。测定骨质疏松性骨折人群的骨密度、身高、体质量、跌倒风险、肌力和腹部脂肪含量。采用Spearman检验分析跌倒指数、体脂含量、年龄、身高、体质量、BMI与骨密度(bone mass density,BMD)之间的相关性。BMD校正年龄、身高、体质量、BMI、体脂含量,采用ANCOVA分析跌倒指数对BMD的影响;校正年龄、身高、体质量、BMI、跌倒指数,分析体脂含量对BMD的影响。结果对筛查出的839例骨质疏松性骨折患者的BMD、BMI、跌倒风险、腹部体脂含量、肌力等相关性分析结果显示,骨质疏松性骨折人群BMI、跌倒指数、肌力与BMD均显著相关(BMI r=0.161,跌倒指数r=0.238,肌力r=0.198,P均<0.001)。BMI、肌力、跌倒风险与BMD呈正相关;校正年龄、身高、体质量、BMI等因素,采用ANCOVA分析跌倒指数与BMD无显著相关(F=1.011,P>0.05)。结论跌倒风险和低BMD为骨折的主要危险因素。本研究显示体脂含量与BMD呈显著相关性。展开更多
文摘[ Objective] To study the effects of astragalus powder on serum lipids and body fat contents of fast large-scale quality chickens, and thus provide a theoretical basis for its application in poultry production,[ Method ] All the 180 1-day-old healthy Liangfeng chickens were randomly divided into six groups. Group 1 was the control group, fed with basal diet; group 2, group 3 and group 4 were fed with basal diet added with 0.75%, 1.0% and 1.25% astragalus powder, respectively; group 5 and group 6 were separately fed with basal diet added with 1.0% and 1.25% astragalus pow- der, but the astragalus powder was used for 10 d and then was forbidden for 10 d in turn during the whole experiment. The content of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TCHO), high-density lipoprotein-Cholesterol ( HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C) were respectively determined when the chickens were 35-day-old and 63-day-old, while the percentage of abdominal fat (PAF) as well as intramuscular fat (IMF) and subcutaneous fat ply (SFP) was measured when the chickens were 63-day-old. [ Result] In 35-day-old chickens, the levels of TCHO were sig- nificantly or very significantly lower in group 3, group 4, and group 6 than in control group ( P 〈0.05 or 0.01 ) ; the levels of LDL-C significantly lower in group 3 and group 6 ( P〈0. 05) ; the level of HDL-C significantly higher in group 5 (P〈0.05). In 63-day-old chickens, the levels of TCHO and LDL-C were significantly or very significantly lower in group 3, group 4, and group 5 than in control group ( P 〈 0.05 or 0.01 ) while the levels of HDL-C were significantly higher in these groups; the PAF was significantly lower in group 3 ( P 〈 0.05). [ Condasion] Astragalus powder should re- duce the levels of TG, TCHO and LDL-C, promote HDL-C content, and also play a certain regulative role in deposition of abdominal fat.
文摘Background:Areal bone mineral density(aBMD)applied for osteoporosis diagnosis unavoidably results in the missingdiagnosis in patients with large bones and misdiagnosis in those with small bones.Therefore,we try to find a new adjusted index of bone mineral content(BMC)to make up shortcomings of aBMD in osteoporosis diagnosis.Methods:In this multi-center epidemiological study,BMC and aBMD of lumbar spines(n=5510)and proximal femurs(n=4710)were measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA).We analyzed the correlation between the bone mass and body weight in all subjects including four age groups(<19 years,20-39 years,40-49 years,>50 years).And then the body weight was used for standardizing BMC(named wBMC)and applied for the epidemiological analysis of osteoporosis?Results:The correlation of body weight and BMC is 0.839 to 0.931 of lumbar vertebra 1-4(Li_4),and 0.71 to 0.95 of femoral neck in different age groups.When aBMD was applied for diagnosing osteoporosis,the prevalence was 7.55%,16.39%,and 25.83%in patients with a high,intermediate,and low body weight respectively.However,the prevalence was 21.8%,18.03%,and 11.64%by wBMC applied for diagnosing osteoporosis.Moreover,the prevalence of osteoporosis increased by 3.76%by wBMC with the body weight increased by 5 kg.The prevalence decreased by 1.94%when the body weight decreased by 5 kg.Conclusions:wBMC can reduce the missed diagnosis in patients with large body weight and reduce misdiagnosis in those with small body weight.Including children,wBMC may be feasible for osteoporosis diagnosis individuals at any age.
文摘To study the high-fat-diet induced rat obesity and the of fect of endurance training on the body fat content of obese rats, we randomly divided 66 male weanling SD rats into control(16 rats) and high fat diet group(50 rats). After 10 weeks, we chose diet-induced obese rats(DIO, 26 rats) and divided them into endurance training group(DIO-T, 8 rats) and DIO groups(DIO, 18 rats) randomly. Aner 8 weeks, endurance training, all rats were killed. The results showed that nosignificant difference was found between groups in body weight, the feed efficiency of DIO groups was higher than control groups, tke carass fat con tent of DIO-T group was significantlylower than DIO group, and plasma insulin concentration of DIO group was higher than control and DIO-T groups. It was suggested that rats’ obesity was induced obesity by high fat diet, dietary obesity had relation to higher eding efficiency and hyperinsulinemia. Endurance training can effectively reduce the body fat content of high-fat-diet induced obese rats by improving its hyper-insulinemia. Plasma TCH and TG of all rats had no significant difference.
文摘BACKGROUND Low bone mineral density(BMD)is common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.However,nutritional risk factors for low BMD in the ulcerative colitis(UC)population are still poorly understood.AIM To investigate the association of anthropometric indicators and body composition with BMD in patients with UC.METHODS This is a cross-sectional study on adult UC patients of both genders who were followed on an outpatient basis.A control group consisting of healthy volunteers,family members,and close people was also included.The nutritional indicators evaluated were body mass index(BMI),total body mass(TBM),waist circumference(WC),body fat in kg(BFkg),body fat in percentage(BF%),trunk BF(TBF),and also lean mass.Body composition and BMD assessments were performed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.RESULTS The sociodemographic characteristics of patients with UC(n=68)were similar to those of healthy volunteers(n=66)(P>0.05).Most patients(97.0%)were in remission of the disease,58.8%were eutrophic,33.8%were overweight,39.0%had high WC,and 67.6%had excess BF%.However,mean BMI,WC,BFkg,and TBF of UC patients were lower when compared to those of the control group(P<0.05).Reduced BMD was present in 41.2%of patients with UC(38.2%with osteopenia and 2.9%with osteoporosis)and 3.0%in the control group(P<0.001).UC patients with low BMD had lower BMI,TBM,and BFkg values than those with normal BMD(P<0.05).Male patients were more likely to have low BMD(prevalence ratio[PR]=1.86;95%confidence interval[CI]:1.07-3.26).Those with excess weight(PR=0.43;95%CI:0.19-0.97)and high WC(PR=0.44;95%CI:0.21-0.94)were less likely to have low BMD.CONCLUSION Patients with UC in remission have a high prevalence of metabolic bone diseases.Body fat appears to protect against the development of low BMD in these patients.
文摘Purpose: Bone marrow and muscle adiposity have been considered to correlate with osteoporosis and Sarcopenia. Proton Density Fat Fraction (PDFF) can be measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The purpose of the present study was to measure PDFF in the lumbar spine, paraspinal muscle and subcutaneous fat tissue. Methods: Participants were comprised of 30 patients (18 males, 12 females;age range, 14 - 87 years) who underwent MRI due to low back symptoms. PDFFs for the body of the fourth lumbar vertebra (L4), paraspinal muscle, and subcutaneous fat were measured. Results: PDFFs of the vertebral body and subcutaneous fat were significantly higher than that of paraspinal muscle (p < 0.001). PDFF was significantly higher for subcutaneous fat than for the vertebral body (p < 0.001). Although no significant differences in PDFF of the vertebral body, paraspinal muscle, and subcutaneous fat between females and males, PDFFs of the vertebral body and paraspinal muscle were significantly higher in older subjects (>63 years) than in younger subjects (Conclusions: PDFF of the vertebral body was significantly higher than that of paraspinal muscle. PDFFs of the vertebral body and paraspinal muscle were significantly lower in younger subjects than in older subjects.
文摘A bone cell population dynamics model for cor- tical bone remodeling under mechanical stimulus is devel- oped in this paper. The external experiments extracted from the literature which have not been used in the creation of the model are used to test the validity of the model. Not only can the model compare reasonably well with these ex- perimental results such as the increase percentage of final values of bone mineral content (BMC) and bone fracture en- ergy (BFE) among different loading schemes (which proves the validity of the model), but also predict the realtime devel- opment pattern of BMC and BFE, as well as the dynamics of osteoblasts (OBA), osteoclasts (OCA), nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) for each loading scheme, which can hardly be monitored through experiment. In conclusion, the model is the first of its kind that is able to provide an in- sight into the quantitative mechanism of bone remodeling at cellular level by which bone cells are activated by mechan- ical stimulus in order to start resorption/formation of bone mass. More importantly, this model has laid a solid foun- dation based on which future work such as systemic control theory analysis of bone remodeling under mechanical stimu- lus can be investigated. The to-be identified control mecha- nism will help to develop effective drugs and combined non- pharmacological therapies to combat bone loss pathologies. Also this deeper understanding of how mechanical forces quantitatively interact with skeletal tissue is essential for the generation of bone tissue for tissue replacement purposes in tissue engineering.
基金Supported by The Medical Research Council of Hungary, ETT 226/2003, 232/2003The Hungarian Scientific Research Fund, OTKA T038067, T038154
文摘AIM: To investigate the change of bone parameters in a new model of experimentally induced liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in growing rats. METHODS: Fischer-344 rats (n = 55) were used. Carbon tetrachloride (CCh), phenobarbital (PB), and a single diethylnitrosamine (DEN) injection were used. Animals were killed at wk 8 and 16. Bone mineral content, femoral length, cortical index (quotient of cortical thickness and whole diameter) and ultimate bending load (Fmax) of the femora were determined. The results in animals treated with DEN+PB+CCh (DPC, n = 21) were com- pared to those in untreated animals (UNT, n = 14) and in control group treated only with DEN+PB (DP, n = 20). RESULTS: Fatty liver and cirrhosis developed in each DPC-treated rat at wk 8 and HCC was presented at wk 16. No skeletal changes were found in this group at wk 8, but each parameter was lower (P〈0.05 for each) at wk 16 in comparison to the control group. Neither fatty liver nor cirrhosis was observed in DP-treated animals at any time point. Femoral length and Fmax values were higher (P〈0.05 for both) in DP-treated animals at wk 8 compared to the UNT controls. However, no difference was found at wk 16. CONCLUSION: Experimental liver cirrhosis and HCC are accompanied with inhibited skeletal growth, reduced bone mass, and decreased mechanical resistance in growing rats. Our results are in concordance withthe data of other studies using different animal models. A novel finding is the transiently accelerated skeletal growth and bone strength after a 8-wk long phenobarbital treatment following diethylnitrosamine injection.
文摘目的探讨骨质疏松性骨折人群的骨密度与跌倒风险、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、肌力、体脂含量的相关性。方法通过对4 632例社区45岁以上绝经后女性的问卷调研及骨密度筛查,筛查出既往有脆性骨折史的骨质疏松性骨折人群。测定骨质疏松性骨折人群的骨密度、身高、体质量、跌倒风险、肌力和腹部脂肪含量。采用Spearman检验分析跌倒指数、体脂含量、年龄、身高、体质量、BMI与骨密度(bone mass density,BMD)之间的相关性。BMD校正年龄、身高、体质量、BMI、体脂含量,采用ANCOVA分析跌倒指数对BMD的影响;校正年龄、身高、体质量、BMI、跌倒指数,分析体脂含量对BMD的影响。结果对筛查出的839例骨质疏松性骨折患者的BMD、BMI、跌倒风险、腹部体脂含量、肌力等相关性分析结果显示,骨质疏松性骨折人群BMI、跌倒指数、肌力与BMD均显著相关(BMI r=0.161,跌倒指数r=0.238,肌力r=0.198,P均<0.001)。BMI、肌力、跌倒风险与BMD呈正相关;校正年龄、身高、体质量、BMI等因素,采用ANCOVA分析跌倒指数与BMD无显著相关(F=1.011,P>0.05)。结论跌倒风险和低BMD为骨折的主要危险因素。本研究显示体脂含量与BMD呈显著相关性。