Effects of fufang yimucao oral liquid on acute ache model mice

BACKGROUND： Fufang yimucao oral liquid has markedly effects on ameliorating circulation, restraining uterine constriction induced by oxytocin, alleviating dysmenorrhea, as a traditional medicine on promoting blood circulation by removing blood stasis, yimucao could ameliorate abnormal hemorrheological when hemorrhagic shock happens, enhance the hemoperfusion of organs and actively react on the result of hemorrhagic shock. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the abirritation offufang yimucao oral liquid on pain model mice induced by hot board method and acetic acid twist body method and dysmenorrhea model mice induced by estradiol. DESIGN： Entirely randomly grouping and control experiment. SETTING： Pharmacological Laboratory, Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine. MATERIALS： A total of 200 female Kunming genus mice of grade 2 and weighing 18- 21 g were collected. Fufang yimucao oral liquid, mainly consist ofyimucao, danggui, chuanxiong, muxiang, and so on, was produced by Henan Joyline ＆ Joysun Pharmaceutical Stock Co., Ltd. （batch number： 050701）; yimucao oral liquid was produced by Shangqiu Lvyuan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. （batch number： 050108）; estradiol slice by Shanghai Xinyi Kangjie Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. （batch number： 050301）; YSL-6A intelligence hot plate instrument by Shandong Equipments Station of the Medical Science. METHODS： The experiment was carried out in the Animal Experiment Center of the Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine from August to November 2005. The high-, middle- and low-dosage fufang yimucao oral liquid in the experiment was 1, 0.5 and 0.25 in volume fraction, respectively, andyimucao oral liquid was 0.5. ① Among 80 mice, 60 mice were eligible in pain threshold tested by hot plate, and randomly dividing into 5 groups with 12 in each group. Mice in the high-, middle- and low-dose fufang yimucao oral liquid groups were perfused with 1 mL, 0.5 mL and 0.25 mL/mLfufang yimucao, and mice in the yimucao group and saline group were perfused with the same volume yimucao oral liquid and saline, respectively, once a day for 3 successive days. Half an hour and one hour after administration for the last time, the range of pain was tested in hot plate and the increasing numerical value was counted. ② Another 60 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups. The grouping ways, numbers of animal and administration were as the same as those mentioned above. Forty minutes after administration for the last time, mice were given the celiac injecting with the fresh acetic acid, then observed and registered the delitescence of turned body and the times of turning in 10 minutes. ③ The rest of 60 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups with 10 in each group. The five groups were divided as the same as mentioned above, and the last group was the blank control group. Mice in the 5 former groups were given synestrin tablets CMC suspension with the dose of 2 mg/kg, 0.1 g/L and 0.2 mL/10 g once a day for 12 successive days. Ten days later, mice were administrated as the same ways and dosage mentioned above. Mice in blank control group were perfused with the same volume of saline. Two days after modeling and 40 minutes after administration, mice were injected with oxytocin to observe the latent period and the frequency of twisting reaction in 10 minutes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Effect offufangyimucao oral liquid on mice pain model induced by hot board method, twisting body response induced by acetic acid and mice dysmenorrhea model. RESULTS： ① Effect offufang yimucao oral liquid on mice pain model induced by hot board： Thirty minutes after administration, the pain threshold ofyimucao oral liquid group and high-, middle- and low-dose fufang yimucao oral liquid groups were respectively （25.42 ± 2.10）, （22.40 ± 3.42）, （25.24± 2.51 ） and （ 19.80 ±2.00） s, which were markedly higher than saline group [（17.98± 1.68） s, P 〈 0.05 - 0.01]. Sixty minutes after administration, the pain threshold ofyimucao oral liquid group and high-, middle- and low-dosefufang yimucao oral liquid groups were respectively （27.42 ± 2.17）, （23.83 ± 2.66）, （27.64 ± 2.64） and （21.51 ± 2.41 ） s, which were markedly higher than saline group [（17.8± 1.75） s, P 〈 0.01]. ② Effect offufangyimucao oral liquid on twisting body response induced by celiac injecting acetic acid： The twisting body latent period of yimucao oral liquid group and high-, middle- and low-dose fufang yimucao oral liquid groups were respectively （2.43±0.19）, （2.09±0.20）, （2.60±0.14） and （1.85±0.35） s, which were markedly higher than saline group [（1.45±0.22） s, P 〈 0.01]. The twisting body times in 10 minutes ofyimucao oral liquid group and high-, middle- and low-dose fufang yimucao oral liquid groups were respectively （14.8 ±4.0）, （15.8 ± 3.5）, （12.2±3.7） and （18.7±3.3） times, which were markedly lower than saline group [（25.0±5.0） times, P 〈 0.01]. ③ Effect offufangyimucao oral liquid on mice dysmenorrhea model： After injecting estradiol, the twisting body latent period ofyimucao oral liquid group and high-, middle- and Iow-dosefufangyimucao oral liquid groups were respectively （61.8±20.8）, （105.8±29.8）, （78.9± 14.0） and （71.9±20.0） s, which were higher than the saline group [（31.6± 14.71） s, P 〈 0.01]. The twisting body times in 10 minutes of yimucao oral liquid group and high-, middle- and low-dose fufang yimucao oral liquid groups were respectively （18.1± 4.2）, （9.5 ±2.8）, （16.2 ± 3.5） and （19.9 ±4.6） times, which were lower than the saline group [（28.5 ±4.7） times, P 〈 0.01]. CONCLUSION： Fufang yimucao oral liquid has a good effect on abirritation, condignly as yimucao oral liquid, besides it does not have obvious dependent effect.

FOXO3a as a sensor of unilateral nerve injury in sensory neurons ipsilateral, contralateral and remote to injury

Emerging evidence supports that the stress response to peripheral nerve injury extends beyond the injured neuron,with alterations in associated transcription factors detected both locally and remote to the lesion.Stress-induced nuclear translocation of the transcription factor forkhead class box O3a(FOXO3a)was initially linked to activation of apoptotic genes in many neuronal subtypes.However,a more complex role of FOXO3a has been suggested in the injury response of sensory neurons,with the injured neuron expressing less FOXO3a.To elucidate this response and test whether non-injured sensory neurons also alter FOXO3a expression,the temporal impact of chronic unilateral L4–6 spinal nerve transection on FOXO3a expression and nuclear localization in adult rat dorsal root ganglion neurons ipsilateral,contralateral or remote to injury relative to na?ve controls was examined.In na?ve neurons,high cytoplasmic and nuclear levels of FOXO3a colocalized with calcitonin gene related peptide,a marker of the nociceptive subpopulation.One hour post-injury,an acute increase in nuclear FOXO3a in small size injured neurons occurred followed by a significant decrease after 1,2 and 4 days,with levels increasing toward pre-injury levels by 1 week post-injury.A more robust biphasic response to the injury was observed in uninjured neurons contralateral to and those remote to injury.Nuclear levels of FOXO3a peaked at 1 day,decreased by 4 days,then increased by 1 week post-injury,a response mirrored in C4 dorsal root ganglion neurons remote to injury.This altered expression contralateral and remote to injury supports that spinal nerve damage has broader systemic impacts,a response we recently reported for another stress transcription factor,Luman/CREB3.The early decreased expression and nuclear localization of FOXO3a in the injured neuron implicate these changes in the cell body response to injury that may be protective.Finally,the broader systemic changes support the existence of stress/injury-induced humeral factor(s)influencing transcriptional and potentially behavioral changes in uninjured dorsal root ganglion neurons.Approval to conduct this study was obtained from the University of Saskatchewan Animal Research Ethics Board(protocol#19920164).

MATHEMATICAL STUDY OF DIFFUSIVE FLUID TRANSPORT AND DISTRIBUTION IN HUMAN DERMAL REGIONS

This paper deals with mathematical study of diffusive fluid transport and distri- bution in human dermal parts. It accounts the intracellular fluid which continuously flows through the skin shells in order to maintain fluid balance within the body. A mathematical model is envisaged for this process and the finite element method （FEM） is employed to calculate the concentration of the fluid at different skin layers. This estimation is analyzed in relation with other parameters of the tissue medium and the atmosphere.