Mass Stopping Power and Range of Protons in Biological Human Body Tissues (Ovary, Lung and Breast)

In this work, the mass stopping power and range of protons in biological human body tissues (ovary, lung and breast) were calculated at the energy ranging from 0.04 MeV to 200 MeV using the MATLAB Program. The data relating to the densities, average atomic number to mass number and excitation energy for the present tissues were collected from ICRU Report 46. The mass stopping power was calculated by the Bethe formula. Moreover, the simple integration (continuous slowing down approximation) method was employed for calculating protons range at the tissues. The results of the mass stopping power versus energy and the range versus energy were presented graphically and the empirical formulae for calculating the mass stopping power and the ranges were obtained. The present results for mass stopping powers and ranges were compared with the results obtained by others. Good agreements were found between them, especially at the energy ranging from 3 to 200 MeV.

BmPLA2 containing conserved domain WD40 affects the metabolic functions of fat body tissue in silkworm, Bombyx moil

PLA2 enzyme hydrolyzes arachidonic acid, and other polyunsaturated fatty acids, from the sn-2 position to release free arachidonic acid and a lysophospholipid. Previous studies reported that the PLA2 in invertebrate organisms participates in lipid signaling molecules like arachidonic acid release in immune-associated tissues like hemo- cytes and fat bodies. In the present study, we cloned the BmPLA2 gene from fat body tissue of silkworm Bombyx mori, which has a total sequence of 1.031 kb with a 31.90 kDa pro- tein. In silico results of BmPLA2 indicated that the protein has a putative WD40 conserved domain and its phylogeny tree clustered with Danaus plexippus species. We investigated the transcriptional expression in development stages and tissues. The highest expression of BmPLA2 was screened in fat body among the studied tissues of third day fifth instar larva, with a high expression on third day fifth instar larva followed by a depression of expression in the wandering stage of the fifth instar larva. The expression of BmPLA2 in female pupa was higher than that of male pupa. Our RNAi-mediated gene silencing results showed highest reduction of BmPLA2 expression in post-24 h followed by post-48 and post-72 h. The BmPLA2-RNAi larvae and pupa could be characterized by pharate adult lethality and underdevelopment. The phenotypic characters of fat body cells in RNAi-induced larva im- plied that BmPLA2 affects the metabolic functions of fat body tissue in silkworm Bombyx mori.

Antiapoptotic activity of 30 kDa lipoproteins family from fat body tissue of silkworm, Bombyx moil

The family of 30kDa lipoproteins （LP1-5） is abundant in silkworm pupa fat body （FB） and hemolymph. One of its members, the 29 kDa protein decreased in concentration from peripheral （PP） FB tissue but was sustained in perivisceral （PV） FB tissue at the time of apoptosis. This study investigated the correlation of the 30kDa proteins with FB apoptosis. Two protein fractions were purified, a 29 and a 30/31 kDa protein fraction, and they were used to test for activity against actinomycin D-induced apoptosis in the FB tissues. Concentrations as little as 50/zg/mL of the 29 kDa protein fraction efficiently inhibited apoptosis. Less antiapoptotie activity was detected for the higher MW fraction; DNA fragmentation was observed in FB tissue treated with 50 #g/mL of the 30/31 kDa fraction. The viability of the cells in the 29 kDa protein-supplemented culture was 40% higher than in the 31 kDa protein-supplemented culture. However, the 30 kDa lipoproteins were not able to prevent scheduled FB degeneration during silkworm metamorphosis. Thus, it is hypothesized that the antiapoptotic 29 kDa protein needs to be proteolytically degraded by a regulatory mechanism to allow programmed cell death of FB tissue.

Effect of oxidative stress-associated damage to the lung tissue caused by different body mass index in the rat models

Objective To investigate the influence of different diets on serum protein expression levels of 4-hydroxynonenal(4-HNE),thioredoxin(Trx),thioredoxin reductase(TrxR)and the sctivities of Trx and TrxR,and to explore the effect of damage to the lung tissue and the underlying mechanisms of different body mass index caused by different diets in the rat models.Methods