Control effect and optimization scheme of combined rockbolt-cable support for a tunnel in horizontally layered limestone:A case study

This study focused on the mechanical behavior of a deep-buried tunnel constructed in horizontally layered limestone,and investigated the effect of a new combined rockboltecable support system on the tunnel response.The Yujingshan Tunnel,excavated through a giant karst cave,was used as a case study.Firstly,a multi-objective optimization model for the rockboltecable support was proposed by using fuzzy mathematics and multi-objective comprehensive decision-making principles.Subsequently,the parameters of the surrounding rock were calibrated by comparing the simulation results obtained by the discrete element method(DEM)with the field monitoring data to obtain an optimized support scheme based on the optimization model.Finally,the optimization scheme was applied to the karst cave section,which was divided into the B-and C-shaped sections.The distribution range of the rockboltecable support in the C-shaped section was larger than that in the B-shaped section.The field monitoring results,including tunnel crown settlement,horizontal convergence,and axial force of the rockboltecable system,were analyzed to assess the effectiveness of the optimization scheme.The maximum crown settlement and horizontal convergence were measured to be 25.9 mm and 35 mm,accounting for 0.1%and 0.2%of the tunnel height and span,respectively.Although the C-shaped section had poorer rock properties than the B-shaped section,the crown settlement and horizontal convergence in the C-shaped section ranged from 46%to 97%of those observed in the B-shaped section.The cable axial force in the Bshaped section was approximately 60%of that in the C-shaped section.The axial force in the crown rockbolt was much smaller than that in the sidewall rockbolt.Field monitoring results demonstrated that the optimized scheme effectively controlled the deformation of the layered surrounding rock,ensuring that it remained within a safe range.These results provide valuable references for the design of support systems in deep-buried tunnels situated in layered rock masses.

Catalyst–Support Interaction in Polyaniline‑Supported Ni_(3)Fe Oxide to Boost Oxygen Evolution Activities for Rechargeable Zn‑Air Batteries

Catalyst–support interaction plays a crucial role in improving the catalytic activity of oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Here we modulate the catalyst–support interaction in polyaniline-supported Ni_(3)Fe oxide(Ni_(3)Fe oxide/PANI)with a robust hetero-interface,which significantly improves oxygen evolution activities with an overpotential of 270 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2)and specific activity of 2.08 mA cm_(ECSA)^(-2)at overpotential of 300 mV,3.84-fold that of Ni_(3)Fe oxide.It is revealed that the catalyst–support interaction between Ni_(3)Fe oxide and PANI support enhances the Ni–O covalency via the interfacial Ni–N bond,thus promoting the charge and mass transfer on Ni_(3)Fe oxide.Considering the excellent activity and stability,rechargeable Zn-air batteries with optimum Ni_(3)Fe oxide/PANI are assembled,delivering a low charge voltage of 1.95 V to cycle for 400 h at 10 mA cm^(-2).The regulation of the effect of catalyst–support interaction on catalytic activity provides new possibilities for the future design of highly efficient OER catalysts.

Tuning support morphology to control alloy over PtCo/γ-Al_(2)O_(3) for the preferential oxidation of CO

The preferential oxidation of CO(CO-PROX)reaction is a cost-effective method for eliminating trace amounts of CO from the fuel H2.Pt-based catalysts have been extensively studied for COPROX,with their activity influenced by the morphology of the support.Hydrothermal synthesis was employed to produce different morphologies ofγ-Al_(2)O_(3):flower-likeγ-Al_(2)O_(3)(f)exposing(110)crystal faces,sheet-likeγ-Al_(2)O_(3)(s)revealing(100)crystal faces,and rod-likeγ-Al_(2)O_(3)(r)displaying(111)crystal faces,followed by loading PtCo nanoparticles.The exposed crystal faces of the support impact the alloying degree of the PtCo nanoparticles,and an increase in the alloying degree correlates with enhanced catalyst reactivity.Pt_(3)Co intermetallic compounds were identified onγ-Al_(2)O_(3)(f)exposing(110)crystal faces,and PtCo/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)(f)showed high catalytic activity in the CO-PROX reaction,achieving 100%CO conversion across a broad temperature range of 50−225°C.In contrast,only partial alloying of PtCo was observed onγ-Al_(2)O_(3)(s).Furthermore,no alloying between Pt and Co occurred in PtCo/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)(r),resulting in a reaction rate at 50°C that was merely 11%of that of PtCo/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)(f).The formation of Pt3Co intermetallic compounds led to a more oxidized state of Pt,which significantly diminished the adsorption of CO on Pt and augmented the active oxygen species,thereby facilitating the selective oxidation of CO.

Design of insulation support system of 120 keV positive ion source accelerator

In order to support the physical research on the EAST tokamak,a new positive ion source with designed beam energy of 120 keV was proposed to be developed.Accelerator structure is one of the key components of the ion source.Through the finite element analysis method,the electrostatic analyses of insulators and grid plates were carried out,the material and structure parameters of insulators were determined.The maximum electric field around each insulator is about 4 kV/mm,and the maximum electric field between grids is about 14 kV/mm,which can meet the 120 keV withstand voltage holding.The insulation system for the positive ion source accelerator with 120 keV is designed,and the connection and basic parameters of insulators and support flanges are analyzed and determined.

Influence of quasi-electrostatic support on amplification of space charge waves in amplification section of a superheterodyne free electron laser

A theoretical study of the influence of a quasi-electrostatic support on the amplification level of the slow space charge wave(SCW) in the amplification section of a superheterodyne free electron laser(FEL) was carried out. One of the ways to significantly increase the saturation level of the slow SCW is maintaining the conditions of a three-wave parametric resonance between the slow, fast SCWs and the resulting pump electric field. This can be done by introducing the quasielectrostatic support in the superheterodyne FEL amplification section. Also, it was found that the generated pump electric field significantly influences the maintenance of parametric resonance conditions. As a result, this increases the saturation level of the slow SCW by 70%. Finally, the quasi-electrostatic support significantly reduces the maximum value of the electrostatic undulator pump field strength, which is necessary to achieve the maximum saturation level of the slow SCW.

Comprehensive influence of individualized nutrition support and nursing strategy on rehabilitation of patients with liver cancer after operation

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma ranks among the most prevalent malignant neoplasms.Surgical intervention constitutes a critical therapeutic approach for this condition.Nonetheless,postoperative recovery is frequently influenced by the patient's nutritional status and the quality of nursing care provided.AIM To examine the comprehensive impact of personalized nutritional support and nursing strategies on the postoperative rehabilitation of patients with liver cancer.METHODS In this study,a retrospective comparative analysis was conducted involving 60 post-operative liver cancer patients.The subjects were selected as subjects and divided into two groups based on differing nursing interventions,with each group comprising 30 patients.The control group received standard nutritional support and care,whereas the experimental group received individualized nutritional support and nursing strategies.The study aimed to evaluate the impact of individualized nutrition by comparing the rehabilitation indices,nutritional status,quality of life(QoL),and complication rates between the two groups.RESULTS The results showed that the recovery index of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group 2 weeks after surgery,and the average liver function recovery index of the experimental group was 85.significantly higher than that of the control group(73.67±7.19).In terms of nutritional status,the serum albumin level and body weight stabilization rate of the experimental group were also significantly higher than those of the control group,which were 42.33±2.4 g/L and 93.3%,respectively,compared with 36.01±3.85 g/L and 76.7%of the control group.In addition,the average QoL score of the experimental group was 84.66±3.7 points,which was significantly higher than that of the control group(70.92±4.28 points).At the psychological level,the average anxiety score of the experimental group was 1.17±0.29,and the average depression score was 1.47±0.4,which were significantly lower than the 2.26±0.42 and 2.57±0.45 of the control group.This showed that patients in the experimental group were better relieved of anxiety and depression under the individualized nutrition support and nursing strategy.More importantly,the complication rate in the experimental group was only 10%,much lower than the 33.3%in the control group.CONCLUSION Personalized nutritional support and tailored nursing strategies significantly enhance the postoperative rehabilitation of liver cancer patients.Consequently,it is recommended to implement and advocate for these individualized approaches to improve both the recovery outcomes and QoL for these patients.

Seismic design of variable cross-section damped steel support frame for post equipment

High-voltage electrical post equipment is generally installed on steel supports,which amplifies the seismic inputs and degrades the seismic performance of equipment.This study proposed a variable cross-section damped steel support frame(VCDFS)with viscous dampers to reduce seismic responses of both tall and low-rise electrical equipment.The VCDFS contains a trapezoidal damper layer to generate rocking motions,enabling the diagonal viscous dampers to dissipate seismic inputs.A theoretical model of post equipment with VCDFS is established,and an optimal design procedure is proposed.The analysis shows that the remaining static stiffness ratio λ_(k) is the key parameter that determines the effectiveness of the VCDFS.The VCDFS reduces the average displacement and stress response of a post insulator by 39.4%and 44.6%,respectively,together with a significant decrease in the dynamic amplification factor.Therefore,it is recommended to use the VCDFS instead of the conventional latticed-steel frame in earthquake zones.

Perceived Social Support and Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety among Chinese Adolescents:A Moderated Chain Mediation Model

Background:Although previous studies indicate that perceived social support might be associated with adolescent psychological problems,the specific mechanism has not been thoroughly discussed.Based on theoretical and empirical research on problematic Internet use(PIU)and sleep quality,this study explored whether they play a mediating role between perceived social support and symptoms of depression and anxiety among adolescents.Furthermore,we investigated whether these relationships varied by place of residence.Methods:A sample of 2115 Chinese adolescents was included,and analyzed data related to perceived social support,PIU,sleep quality,symptoms of depression and anxiety,and sociodemographic variables.Correlation analysis,mediation,and moderation analysis were mainly used.Results:Perceived social support was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms(r=−0.22,p<0.001)and anxiety symptoms(r=−0.20,p<0.001)among adolescents.PIU and sleep quality played a chain mediating role in the relationship between perceived social support and symptoms of depression and anxiety in adolescents.Additionally,the place of residence moderated the relationships between perceived social support and PIU and symptoms of depression and anxiety.Perceived social support was a significant negative predictor of PIU and symptoms of depression and anxiety among adolescents in urban areas but not in rural areas.Conclusion:The findings suggest that low levels of perceived social support may lead to more PIU and poorer sleep quality,which may further increase the risk of symptoms of depression and anxiety in adolescents,especially in urban areas.

Correlation between psychological,family social support,and home nursing quality for an implanted venous access port

BACKGROUND Cancer patients with an implanted venous access port(IVAP)often manage their care at home during chemotherapy intervals,including maintaining the device,monitoring complications,and following medication instructions.Home care ensures continued support after discharge.However,due to factors such as age,gender,culture,psychological status,and family support,the quality of home care varies significantly.Understanding these factors can help provide targeted guidance to improve the care of cancer patients.AIM To explore IVAP chemotherapy on home care quality and its association with mental health and family support for cancer patients.METHODS This investigative study was based on a medical records system.It investigated the relationship between psychological status,family support,and home care quality in 180 patients with cancer undergoing IVAP chemotherapy.Psychological status was assessed using the State Anxiety Inventory(S-AI);family support was assessed using the Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS),and home care quality was evaluated using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire(EORTC QLQ-C30).Pearson’s correlation and Structural Equation Modeling were used to analyze the interplay between these factors.RESULTS The average S-AI score was 47.52±14.47,PSSS was 52.48±12.64,and EORTC QLQ-C30 was 70.09±17.32.A substantial inverse relationship was observed between the EORTC QLQ-C30 and S-AI scores(r=-0.712).A significant positive correlation was found between the EORTC QLQ-C30 and the PSSS,with a correlation coefficient of(r=0.744).The multiple linear regression analysis indicated that family social support,psychological status,and average monthly family income were the main factors influencing the variation in the quality of home care,explaining 71.9%of the variation.The Structural Equation Modeling results indicated that psychological status acted as a partial mediator in the association between family social support and home care quality of life,explaining 32.78%of the mediation effect.CONCLUSION Psychological status and family social support positively impacted cancer patients’home care quality,with psychology partially mediating this effect.

Deformation mechanism and NPR anchor cable truss coupling support in tunnel through fault fracture zone

To address the issue of extensive deformation in the Tabaiyi Tunnel caused by the fault zone,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)technology was employed to analyze the physical and mechanical properties of waterabsorbing mudstone.This analysis aimed to understand the mechanism behind the significant deformations.Drawing from the principle of excavation stress compensation,a support scheme featuring NPR anchorcables and an asymmetric truss support system was devised.To validate the scheme,numerical analysis using a combination of the Discrete Element Method(DEM)-Finite Element Method(FEM)was conducted.Additionally,similar material model tests and engineering measurements were carried out.Field experiments were also performed to evaluate the NPR anchor-cable and truss support system,focusing on anchor cable forces,pressures between the truss and surrounding rock,pressures between the initial support and secondary lining,as well as the magnitude of settlement and convergence deformation in the surrounding rock.The results indicate that the waterinduced expansion of clay minerals,resulting from damage caused by fissure water,accelerated the softening of the mudstone's internal structure,leading to significant deformations in the Tabaiyi Tunnel under high tectonic stress.The original support design fell short as the length of the anchor rods was smaller than the expansion depth of the plastic zone.As a result,the initial support structure bore the entire load from the surrounding rock,and a non-coupled deformation contact was observed between the double-arch truss and the surrounding rock.The adoption of NPR asymmetric anchor-cable support effectively restrained the expansion and asymmetric distribution characteristics of the plastic zone.Considering the mechanical degradation caused by water absorption in mudstone,the rigid constraint provided by the truss proved crucial for controlling the stability of the surrounding rock.These research findings hold significant implications for managing large deformations in soft rock tunnels situated within fractured zones under high tectonic stress conditions.

Analysis of the interaction between bolt-reinforced rock and surface support in tunnels based on convergence-confinement method

To investigate the interaction of the bolt-reinforced rock and the surface support,an analytical model of the convergence-confinement type is proposed,considering the sequential installation of the fully grouted rockbolts and the surface support.The rock mass is assumed to be elastic-brittle-plastic material,obeying the linear Mohr-Coulomb criterion or the non-linear Hoek-Brown criterion.According to the strain states of the tunnel wall at bolt and surface support installation and the relative magnitude between the bolt length and the plastic depth during the whole process,six cases are categorized upon solving the problem.Each case is divided into three stages due to the different effects of the active rockbolts and the passive surface support.The fictitious pressure is introduced to quantify the threedimensional(3D)effect of the tunnel face,and thus,the actual physical location along the tunnel axis of the analytical section can be considered.By using the bolt-rock strain compatibility and the rocksurface support displacement compatibility conditions,the solutions of longitudinal tunnel displacement and the reaction pressure of surface support along the tunnel axis are obtained.The proposed analytical solutions are validated by a series of 3D numerical simulations.Extensive parametric studies are conducted to examine the effect of the typical parameters of rockbolts and surface support on the tunnel displacement and the reaction pressure of the surface support under different rock conditions.The results show that the rockbolts are more effective in controlling the tunnel displacement than the surface support,which should be installed as soon as possible with a suitable length.For tunnels excavated in weak rocks or with restricted displacement control requirements,the surface support should also be installed or closed timely with a certain stiffness.The proposed method provides a convenient alternative approach for the optimization of rockbolts and surface support at the preliminary stage of tunnel design.

Dysfunctional attitudes,social support,negative life events,and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents:A moderated mediation model

BACKGROUND Depression is a prevalent psychological issue in adolescents that is significantly related to negative life events(NLEs)and dysfunctional attitudes.High levels of social support can significantly buffer NLEs’effect on depression.Currently,there is limited research on how social support moderates the relationship between NLEs,dysfunctional attitudes,and depression in adolescents in China.It is imperative to investigate this moderating effect to mitigate dysfunctional attitudes in adolescent undergoing depressive mood,ultimately enhancing their overall mental health.AIM To investigate the relationship and underlying mechanisms between specific dysfunctional attitudes,social support,and depression among Chinese adolescents.METHODS This is a cross-sectional study which selected five middle schools in Shandong Province for investigation in March 2022.Participants included 795 adolescents(49.87%male,mage=15.15,SD=1.84,age range=11-18 years old).All participants completed the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale,Adolescent Life Event Scale,Beck Depression Inventory,and Social Support Rating Scale.A moderated mediation model was conducted to examine the relationship between specific dysfunctional attitudes,social support,and depression.RESULTS Results indicated that NLEs affected depression through the mediating role of specific dysfunctional attitudes(autonomy attitudesβ=0.21;perfectionismβ=0.25).Moreover,social support was found to moderate the mediating effect between NLEs,specific dysfunctional attitudes,and depressive symptoms(autonomy attitudes b2=-0.08;perfectionism b2=-0.09).CONCLUSION Dysfunctional attitudes mediated and social support moderated the relationship between NLEs and depression.Social support can buffer depression symptoms among adolescents with autonomy attitudes and perfectionism.

Mechanism of high-preload support based on the NPR anchor cable in layered soft rock tunnels

The control of large deformation problems in layered soft rock tunnels needs to solve urgently.The roof problem is particularly severe among the deformation issues in tunnels.This study first analyzes the asymmetric deformation modes in layered soft rock tunnels with large deformations.Subsequently,we construct a mechanical model under ideal conditions for controlling the roof of layered soft rock tunnels through high preload with the support of NPR anchor cables.The prominent roles of long and short NPR anchor cables in the support system are also analyzed.The results indicate the significance of high preload in controlling the roof of layered soft rock tunnels.The short NPR anchor cables effectively improve the integrity of the stratified soft rock layers,while the long NPR anchor cables effectively mobilize the self-bearing capacity of deep-stable rock layers.Finally,the high-preload support method with NPR anchor cables is validated to have a good effect on controlling large deformations in layered soft rock tunnels through field monitoring data.

Comparison of debris flow susceptibility assessment methods:support vector machine,particle swarm optimization,and feature selection techniques

The selection of important factors in machine learning-based susceptibility assessments is crucial to obtain reliable susceptibility results.In this study,metaheuristic optimization and feature selection techniques were applied to identify the most important input parameters for mapping debris flow susceptibility in the southern mountain area of Chengde City in Hebei Province,China,by using machine learning algorithms.In total,133 historical debris flow records and 16 related factors were selected.The support vector machine(SVM)was first used as the base classifier,and then a hybrid model was introduced by a two-step process.First,the particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm was employed to select the SVM model hyperparameters.Second,two feature selection algorithms,namely principal component analysis(PCA)and PSO,were integrated into the PSO-based SVM model,which generated the PCA-PSO-SVM and FS-PSO-SVM models,respectively.Three statistical metrics(accuracy,recall,and specificity)and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)were employed to evaluate and validate the performance of the models.The results indicated that the feature selection-based models exhibited the best performance,followed by the PSO-based SVM and SVM models.Moreover,the performance of the FS-PSO-SVM model was better than that of the PCA-PSO-SVM model,showing the highest AUC,accuracy,recall,and specificity values in both the training and testing processes.It was found that the selection of optimal features is crucial to improving the reliability of debris flow susceptibility assessment results.Moreover,the PSO algorithm was found to be not only an effective tool for hyperparameter optimization,but also a useful feature selection algorithm to improve prediction accuracies of debris flow susceptibility by using machine learning algorithms.The high and very high debris flow susceptibility zone appropriately covers 38.01%of the study area,where debris flow may occur under intensive human activities and heavy rainfall events.

Stability analysis of longwall top-coal caving face in extra-thick coal seams based on an innovative numerical hydraulic support model

The relationship between support and surrounding rock is of great significance to the control of surrounding rock in mining process.In view of the fact that most of the existing numerical simulation methods construct virtual elements and stress servo control to approximately replace the hydraulic support problem,this paper establishes a new numerical model of hydraulic support with the same working characteristics as the actual hydraulic support by integrating numerical simulation software Rhino,Griddle and FLAC3D,which can realize the simulation of different working conditions.Based on this model,the influence mechanism of the supporting strength of hydraulic support on surrounding rock stress regulation and coal stability in front of the top coal caving face in extra thick coal seam were researched.Firstly,under different support intensity,the abutment pressure of the bearing coal and the coal in front of it presents the “three-stage”evolution characteristics.The influence range of support intensity is 15%–30%.Secondly,1.5 MPa is the upper limit of impact that the support strength can have on the front coal failure area.Thirdly,within a displacement range of 2.76 m from the coal wall,a support strength of1.5 MPa provides optimal control of the horizontal displacement of the coal.

Translocation of telomerase reverse transcriptase coincided with ATP release in postnatal cochlear supporting cells

The spontaneous bursts of electrical activity in the developing auditory system are derived from the periodic release of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)by supporting cells in the Kölliker’s organ.However,the mechanisms responsible for initiating spontaneous ATP release have not been determined.Our previous study revealed that telomerase reverse transcriptase(TERT)is expressed in the basilar membrane during the first postnatal week.Its role in cochlear development remains unclear.In this study,we investigated the expression and role of TERT in postnatal cochlea supporting cells.Our results revealed that in postnatal cochlear Kölliker’s organ supporting cells,TERT shifts from the nucleus into the cytoplasm over time.We found that the TERT translocation tendency in postnatal cochlear supporting cells in vitro coincided with that observed in vivo.Further analysis showed that TERT in the cytoplasm was mainly located in mitochondria in the absence of oxidative stress or apoptosis,suggesting that TERT in mitochondria plays roles other than antioxidant or anti-apoptotic functions.We observed increased ATP synthesis,release and activation of purine signaling systems in supporting cells during the first 10 postnatal days.The phenomenon that TERT translocation coincided with changes in ATP synthesis,release and activation of the purine signaling system in postnatal cochlear supporting cells suggested that TERT may be involved in regulating ATP release and activation of the purine signaling system.Our study provides a new research direction for exploring the spontaneous electrical activity of the cochlea during the early postnatal period.

Roles of supporting cells in the maintenance and regeneration of the damaged inner ear:A literature review

The inner ear sensory epithelium consists of two major types of cells:hair cells(HCs)and supporting cells(SCs).Critical functions of HCs in the perception of mechanical stimulation and mechanosensory transduction have long been elucidated.SCs are indispensable components of the sensory epithelia,and they maintain the structural integrity and ionic environment of the inner ear.Once delicate inner ear epithelia sustain injuries(for example,due to ototoxic drugs or noise exposure),SCs respond immediately to serve as repairers of the epithelium and as adapters to become HC progenitors,aiming at morphological and functional recovery of the inner ear.This regenerative process is extensive in non-mammals,but is limited in the mammalian inner ear,especially in the mature cochlea.This review aimed to discuss the important roles of SCs in the repair of the mammalian inner ear.

Selective hydrogenation of dimethyl toluene-2,4-dicarbamate over supported Rh-based catalysts:Effect of support properties

The selective hydrogenation of dimethyl toluene-2,4-dicarbamate(TDC)to methyl cyclohexyl-2,4-dicarbamate(also called hydrogenated TDC,HTDC)is an essential process for non-phosgene synthesis of methylcyclohexane-2,4-diisocyanate.Herein,we prepared a series of supported Rh-based catalysts by the excessive impregnation method and investigated their catalytic performance for the selective hydrogenation of TDC.The emphasis was put on the influence of support properties on the catalytic performance.Among the prepared catalysts,Rh/g-Al_(2)O_(3)performed the best:a HTDC yield of 88.4%was achieved with a 100%conversion of TDC under the conditions of 100℃,3 MPa and 1 h.Furthermore,Rh/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)could be repetitively used for 4 times without a significant loss of its catalytic activity.TEM,XRD,N_(2)adsorption-desorption,H_(2)-TPR,NH_(3)/CO_(2)-TPD,XPS and ICP characterizations were employed to distinguish the properties of the prepared catalysts and the results were correlated with their catalytic performance.It is indicated that the yield of HTDC shows a positive relevance with the percentage of moderate-to-strong acid sites and the content of Rh^(n+)(n≥3)in the catalysts.High values of the percentage and the content can promote a strong interaction between Rh nanoparticles and the supports,facilitating both the transfer of electrons from Rh to the support and the formation of Rh^(n+)species.This is conducive to activating the benzene ring of TDC and thereby improving the yield of HTDC.

Correlation Analysis between Self-Disclosure and Social Support in Patients with Breast Cancer

Objective: Describe the status quo of self-disclosure and social support in breast cancer patients and analyze the correlation between them. Methods: General data questionnaire, distress disclosure Index scale and Chinese version of medical social support scale were used to investigate the correlation between self-disclosure and social support in breast cancer patients by Pearson correlation analysis. Results: 1) The total self-disclosure score was (38.75 ± 9.18);the total score of social support was (70.57 ± 14.04) scores, including emotional information support dimension (28.39 ± 6.06) scores, practical support dimension (15.62 ± 3.31) scores, elastic support dimension (14.85 ± 3.23) scores, and emotional support dimension (11.70 ± 2.56) scores. 2) Self-disclosure was positively correlated with social support (r = 0.433, p Conclusion: Breast cancer patients had a moderate level of self-disclosure, and the higher the level of self-disclosure, the better the social support. It is suggested that improving the self-disclosure level of breast cancer patients can help them obtain more social support.

Cost-effective bifunctional lignin-derived carbon supported tin oxide with efficient production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from glucose

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural(5-HMF)is one of the important bio-based platform compounds,and the catalytic conversion of glucose to 5-HMF is a highly desirable approach that is receiving increasing attention.Herein,we reported the synthesis of lignin-derived carbon supported tin oxides(SnOx/LC)catalyst via a two-step hydrothermal-pyrolytic method using wheat straw alkali lignin as a cost-effective carbon source with high carbon content.The key preparation conditions of the catalyst and its catalytic conditions for the conversion of glucose to 5-HMF were investigated,respectively.Results show that under the preparation conditions of tin tetrachloride dosage of 3.0 mmol and pyrolysis temperature of 500 ℃,the optimized catalyst(3.0-SnOx/LC-500)with a high yield of 63.4%exhibits good catalytic performance of 5-HMF yield of 50.1%and reaction selectivity of 86.0%under the optimum conditions of reaction temperature and time of 190 ℃ and 3 h,initial glucose concentration of 10%(mass),3.0-SnOx/LC-500 dosage of 100 mg in a biphasic solvent system of volume ratio of water to tetrahydrofuran of 1:4.In addition,3.0-SnOx/LC-500 exerts an excellent reusability in a five-cycle experiment.Furthermore,SnOx/LC was characterized in detail using X-ray diffraction patterns(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET),ammonia temperature-programmed-desorption(NH3-TPD),pyridine adsorption infrared spectroscopy(Py-FTIR),scanning electron microscope(SEM)and thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA).Results indicate that Brønsted acid sites and Lewis acid sites coexist on 3.0-SnOx/LC-500,and more Sn^(4+),as well as a proper ratio of weak acidity to medium acidity,are conductive to its catalytic performance in glucose-to-5-HMF reaction.