Stress Variation Model of Bond Stress-Slip Relationship Between Steel Bar and Concrete

-Based on the experimental data, a stress variation model of the bond stress-slip relationship between steel bar and concrete is established. The characteristic of the model is that the boundary conditions are satisfied very well; the effects of the material properties, the concrete cover, the crack spacing and the distance from the cracked cross section are considered. Good agreement between measured and calculated bond stress-slip relationship is found. This model is useful for the study of the stiffness, deformation and crack width of reinforced concrete members, and for the nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete structures by the finite element method.

Bond of Seawater Scoria Aggregate Concrete to Stainless Reinforcement

This study investigates the bond between seawater scoria aggregate concrete(SSAC)and stainless reinforcement(SR)through a series of pull-out tests.A total of 39 specimens,considering five experimental parameters—con-crete type(SSAC,ordinary concrete(OC)and seawater coral aggregate concrete(SCAC)),reinforcement type(SR,ordinary reinforcement(OR)),bond length(3,5 and 8 times bar diameter),concrete strength(C25 and C30)and concrete cover thickness(42 and 67 mm)—were prepared.The typical bond properties(failure pattern,bond strength,bond-slip curves and bond stress distribution,etc.)of seawater scoria aggregate concrete-stainless rein-forcement(SSAC-SR)specimen were systematically studied.Generally,the failure pattern changed with the con-crete type used,and the failure surface of SSAC specimen was different from that of OC specimen.SSAC enhanced the bond strength of specimen,while its effect on the deformation of SSAC-SR was negative.On aver-age,the peak slip of SSAC specimens was 20%lower while the bond strength was 6.7%higher compared to OC specimens under the similar conditions.The effects of variables on the bond strength of SSAC–SR in increasing order are concrete type,bond length,concrete strength and cover thickness.The bond-slip curve of SSAC-SR specimen consisted of micro-slipping,slipping and declining stages.It can be obtained that SSAC reduced the curve curvature of bond-slip,and the decline of curve became steep after adopting SR.The typical distribution of bond stress along bond length changed with the types of concrete and reinforcement used.Finally,a specific expression of the bond stress-slip curve considering the effects of various variables was established,which could provide a basis for the practical application of reinforced SSAC.

Bonding stress—slip constitutive behavior between bars and grout concrete

To establish bonding stress—slip constitutive model between bars and grout concrete,13 test specimens were employed to study the bonding behavior and the force transfer of bars adhered to grout concrete. The bonding stress development of bars adhered to grout concrete was analyzed. The local bonding stress—slip curve was obtained. Based on the test results,a new bonding stress— slip constitutive model between bars and grout concrete was proposed. The results show that the maximum bonding stress is not influenced by the bar bond length,but it is strengthened when the splitting strength of grout concrete is increased. The model matches the experimental results well,and the regressing coefficient equals 1.7.

Numerical simulation of stress distribution in Al_2O_3-TiC/Q235 diffusion bonded joints

The distributions of the axial stress and shear stress in Al2O3-TiC/Q235 diffusion bonded joints were studied using finite element method （FEM）. The effect of interlayer thickness on the axial stress and shear stress was also investigated. The results indicate that the gradients of the axial stress and shear stress are great near the joint edge. The maximal shear stress produces at the interface of the Al2O3-TIC and Ti interlayer. With the increase of Cu interlayer thickness, the magnitudes of the axial stress and shear stress first decrease and then increase. The distribution of the axial stress changes greatly with a little change in the shear stress. The shear fracture initiates at the interface of the Al2O3-TiC/ Ti interlayer with high shear stress and then propagates to the Al2O3-TIC side, which is consistent with the stress FEM calculating results.

FEM simulation on residual stress distribution during diffusion bonding between Ti （ C, N） metallic ceramic/interlayer/40Cr steel

Based on ANSYS FEM software, the distribution of residual stress in the diffusion bonding joints between Ti（ C,N） metallic ceramic/interlayer/4OCr steel was calculated and experimentally ver^ed. The results showed that the trend on the distribution of residual stress field in the joints was not changed with the use of interlayer. The maximum residual stress was always located in metallic ceramic with area ranging from 1 mm to 4 mm to the interlayer. The maximum residual stress in the joints was also affected by diffusion temperature. The satellite pulse current during the initial stage on diffusion bonding can promote the formation of liquid film at the interface, by which diffusion temperature and loading pressure can be greatly decreased. The crack initiation was easily produced at the corner of Ti （ C, N） metallic ceramic close to the interlayer. If a higher residual stress produced in the joints, the crack was propagated into the whole ceramic.

Numerical Study on the Stress–Strain Cycle of Thermal Self-Compressing Bonding

Thermal self-compressing bonding(TSCB) is a new solid-state bonding method pioneered by the authors. With electron beam as the non-melted heat source, previous experimental study performed on titanium alloys has proved the feasibility of TSCB. However, the thermal stress–strain process during bonding, which is of very important significance in revealing the mechanism of TSCB, was not analysed. In this paper, finite element analysis method is adopted to numerically study the thermal elasto-plastic stress–strain cycle of thermal self-compressing bonding. It is found that due to the localized heating, a non-uniform temperature distribution is formed during bonding, with the highest temperature existed on the bond interface. The expansion of high temperature materials adjacent to the bond interface are restrained by surrounding cool materials and rigid restraints, and thus an internal elasto-plastic stress–strain field is developed by itself which makes the bond interface subjected to thermal compressive action. This thermal self-compressing action combined with the high temperature on the bond interface promotes the atom diffusion across the bond interface to produce solid-state joints. Due to the relatively large plastic deformation, rigid restraint TSCB obtains sound joints in relatively short time compared to diffusion bonding.

Residual Stress and Deformation Analysis of Static Bonding Multi-layer Pyrex7740 Glass and Aluminum

Residual stresses and deformation of static bonding multi-layer Pyrex7740 glass and aluminum have important effects on performances of bonding parts. The stress and strain finite element analysis of anodic bonding can optimize the structure and process design, reduce the workload of the experiments, shorten the production cycle, improve the bonding quality, and reduce the process costs. In this paper, residual stresses and deformation in the static bonding two-layer （glass/aluminum）, three-layer （glass/aluminum/ glass）,five-layer（glass/aluminum/glass/aluminum/glass）and seven-layer （glass/aluminum/glass/aluminum/glass/ aluminum/glass） samples have been analyzed using nonlinear finite element simulation software MARC. The simulation results show that the shear stress distribution and deformation distribution in different multi-layer glass and aluminum samples are similar. The stress distribution along thickness at different typical positions in all multi-layer samples has characteristics of pulse pattern, which has pulse peak at the position of transition layers and then decreases abruptly to the minimum value at the positions of glass and aluminum. The maximum shear stress is located in the outside surface area in the transition layer between the top unconstrained glass layer and aluminum layer. The displacement distribution along thickness in all multi-layer samples increases gradually fi＇om the constrained bottom glass layer to the top unconstrained glass layer with abrupt step increase in the aluminum layers, The maximum deformations occur in aluminum layers. It is found that the minimum deformation distortion and the minimum shear stress occur in the three-layer static bonding sample.

The dynamic stress intensity factor analysis of adhesively bonded material interface crack with damage under shear loading

This paper studies the dynamic stress intensity factor （DSIF） at the interface in an adhesive joint under shear loading. Material damage is considered. By introducing the dislocation density function and using the integral transform, the problem is reduced to algebraic equations and can be solved with the collocation dots method in the Laplace domain. Time response of DSIF is calculated with the inverse Laplace integral transform. The results show that the mode Ⅱ DSIF increases with the shear relaxation parameter, shear module and Poisson ratio, while decreases with the swell relaxation parameter. Damage shielding only occurs at the initial stage of crack propagation. The singular index of crack tip is -0.5 and independent on the material parameters, damage conditions of materials, and time. The oscillatory index is controlled by viscoelastic material parameters.

Micro thermal shear stress sensor based on vacuum anodic bonding and bulk-micromachining

This paper describes a micro thermal shear stress sensor with a cavity underneath, based on vacuum anodic bonding and bulk micromachined technology. A Ti/Pt alloy strip, 2μm×100μm, is deposited on the top of a thin silicon nitride diaphragm and functioned as the thermal sensor element. By using vacuum anodic bonding and bulk-si anisotropic wet etching process instead of the sacrificial-layer technique, a cavity, functioned as the adiabatic vacuum chamber, 200μm×200μm×400μm, is placed between the silicon nitride diaphragm and glass （Corning 7740）. This method totally avoid adhesion problem which is a major issue of the sacrificial-layer technique.

Stress distribution at diffusion-bonded interface of Fe_3Al with Cr18-Ni8 steel

Fe3Al and Crl8-Ni8 steel were bonded in vacuum and an interface was formed between Fe3Al and Crl8-Ni8 steel. Stress distribution at the diffusion-bonded interface was researched by numerical simulation and finite element method （FEM）. The results indicated that the peak stress appeared at the interface near Cr18-Ni8 steel side. This is the key factor to induce crack at this position. With the enhancement of heating temperature, the peak stress at the bonded interface increases. When the temperature is 1 100 22, the peak stress is up to 65.9 MPa, which is bigger than that at 1 000 22 by 9. 4%. In addition, the peak stress becomes bigger with the increase of the thickness of base metal from 1 mm to 8 ram. While the thickness is more than 8 ram, the peak stress varies slightly with the change of the thickness.

钢-连续纤维复合筋珊瑚混凝土梁式拉拔粘结应力分布研究

为探究钢-连续纤维复合筋(SFCB)在珊瑚混凝土中的粘结应力分布,使用梁式拉拔试验方法,对碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)筋和不同直径SFCB珊瑚混凝土进行拉拔,并采用光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)传感技术对筋材应力分布变化动态监测。研究结果表明:SFCB直径和钢芯直径均会影响荷载-滑移曲线形状;箍筋对筋材初始粘结刚度和SFCB纤维层加载端应变有明显提升;箍筋一定程度可以增强螺纹钢芯的粘结,对光圆钢芯粘结影响不大;SFCB屈服后的粘结应力分布与屈服前有明显差异,钢芯屈服后应力传递现象更明显;由于钢芯具有较高的弹性模量,在相同荷载下SFCB纤维层粘结段各处粘结应力均要大于CFRP筋。

BFRP筋回收轮胎钢纤维混凝土黏结性能分析

对玄武岩纤维增强复合材料(BFRP)筋在回收轮胎钢纤维(RTSF)混凝土中的黏结性能进行了试验和分析研究.对不同RTSF体积掺量、BFRP筋直径和嵌入长度的试件进行了拉拔试验,研究其对黏结破坏模式、黏结滑移响应和黏结强度的影响,并提出了BFRP筋RTSF混凝土的黏结滑移理论模型.结果表明:BFRP筋RTSF混凝土黏结破坏类型包括拔出破坏、劈裂破坏以及拔出且劈裂破坏;BFRP筋直径对黏结破坏模式无显著影响,而RTSF体积掺量、BFRP筋直径和嵌入长度均对黏结强度有较大影响,且RTSF体积掺量与极限黏结强度呈正相关,BFRP筋直径和嵌入长度对其影响与之相反;当RTSF体积掺量从0增大至1.5%时,其极限黏结强度最大可提高约23.87%.与已有模型相比,所提出的黏结滑移理论模型对BFRP筋RTSF混凝土的黏结滑移曲线具有更高的拟合精度.

锚杆岩体界面载荷传递规律及锚固长度设计

为揭示巷道围岩锚固界面脱粘失效机理,量化锚杆支护设计参数,采用三线性粘结滑移模型进行理论分析,对轴向载荷作用下锚固脱粘失效全过程中,锚固段界面剪应力、锚杆轴力分布演化规律以及界面极限锚固力进行研究,根据锚固段长度不同,得到两种界面剪应力分布演化类型。研究结果表明:当锚固长度较短时,界面剪应力存在全长软化阶段;当锚固长度较长时,界面剪应力存在弹性-软化-滑移三段共存阶段。锚固粘结界面弹性段、软化段、摩擦段内的剪应力分别呈现双曲余弦函数衰减分布、余弦函数上升分布、均匀分布规律,锚杆轴力随界面剪应力分布演化呈现多种形态的衰减分布规律。根据锚固界面模型解析计算获得极限锚固力,当不考虑脱粘摩擦力时,极限锚固力随锚固长度的增加趋近于某一固定值;当考虑脱粘摩擦力时,增加锚固长度能够持续提高锚固界面安全系数。研究成果可为锚固机制分析、锚杆支护参数设计提供理论参考。

激光冲击金属黏结层高温热循环应力演化规律的有限元模拟

目的 探索激光冲击(LSP)对高温热循环(反复升温、保温和降温)过程中热障涂层中的热生长氧化物(TGO)表面及TGO/黏结层(BC)界面应力分布的影响规律。方法 基于真实TGO形貌,建立有限元模型,从应力演化角度分析LSP改性(LSPed)与未改性(Non-LSPed)试样危险区域的失效形式;使用拉曼光谱法(RFS)对氧化后的金属黏结层进行残余应力测试。结果 TGO应力分布随着形貌的起伏呈现相应的起伏变化。TGO表面压应力最大值出现在波峰位置,经10次热循环后LSPed试样TGO表面S11(平行于涂层表面的正应力)压应力最大值大于Non-LSPed试样,经50次热循环后LSPed试样TGO表面压应力最大值远小于Non-LSPed试样;随着热循环次数的增加,2类试样TGO/BC界面S11应力的差别变小。LSPed试样TGO表面S22(垂直于涂层表面的应力)应力随着热循环次数的增加逐渐增大,但S22拉应力小于250 MPa,应力总体偏低。TGO/BC界面S22、S12(平行于涂层表面的剪切应力)应力随循环次数的变化规律基本一致,经10次热循环后,LSPed试样的S22、S12应力均大于Non-LSPed试样;经50次热循环后,2类试样界面的S22、S12应力相差不大。结论 文中构建的TGO应力有限元仿真模型,模拟结果与测试结果吻合。LSP通过调控TGO生长速度,可以有效缓解TGO生长过程中应力的剧烈变化,大幅降低TGO表面S11和S12应力最大值,进而降低TGO表面产生垂直于表面贯穿裂纹和剪切破坏的风险,LSP对TGO表面(TGO/BC界面)应力状态的影响较小。

陶粒对SC-SCC黏结界面劈裂破坏特性的影响

基于劈裂试验,研究了陶粒对蒸养混凝土(SC)-自密实混凝土(SCC)黏结界面力学特性的影响.结果表明:陶粒能提高SC-SCC黏结界面的劈裂抗拉强度,增加黏结界面的张开位移值,提升黏结界面的延性;黏结界面应力-应变曲线可分为线性发展阶段、塑性发展阶段和失效破坏阶段;双参数Weibull分布模型可较好地模拟黏结界面应力-应变曲线的上升段,当黏结界面的陶粒引入量低于4 kg/m2时,黏结界面损伤变量的演化进程被有效减缓.

MEMS加速度计全温性能优化方法

针对微机电系统(MEMS)加速度计全温性能低的问题,提出锚区应力对消方法、低应力粘接工艺和温度补偿方法。首先,通过调整两个键合的锚区面积大小实现锚区应力对消,使得加速度计的温度性能得到改善;然后,建立加速度计堆叠封装模型并对专用集成电路(ASIC)粘接参数、加速度计敏感结构点胶方式与点胶参数进行仿真分析,从而确定了加速度计的低应力粘接形式和粘接工艺;最后,对加速度计零偏和标度因数设计了三阶温度补偿方法并进行了实验测试。实验结果表明,加速度计全温零偏稳定性达到47.3μg(1σ)、全温标度因数稳定性达到43.6 ppm(1σ),提高了加速度计的全温性能。

锈蚀对钢筋与混凝土之间粘结性能影响研究综述

钢筋锈蚀导致横截面积减少,同时锈蚀产物体积膨胀导致混凝土开裂和剥落,影响混凝土与钢筋的粘结能力,对混凝土结构的承载能力和使用寿命产生影响。本文基于国内外广泛的研究成果,分析了不同钢筋锈蚀实验方法的优劣和适用性。对于锈蚀钢筋与混凝土的粘结性能,探讨了中心拉拔试验、偏心拉拔试验和梁式试验的优劣。分别研究了纵筋和箍筋锈蚀对粘结强度的影响,并构建了以钢筋锈蚀率为基础的粘结强度退化模型。锈蚀导致的表面裂缝宽度是评估粘结强度的理想参数,然而基于裂缝宽度的粘结强度退化模型仍然相对较少。在锈蚀钢筋粘结应力-滑移本构模型方面,对未锈蚀和锈蚀钢筋混凝土构件的粘结-滑移关系进行了阐述,然而由于锈蚀钢筋的粘结-滑移曲线测试数据有限,上述模型的可靠性尚未得到验证。本文综述了国内外有关钢筋锈蚀方法和锈蚀钢筋混凝土构件粘结性能的研究方法,分析了纵筋和箍筋锈蚀对粘结强度退化的影响,并归纳总结了基于钢筋锈蚀率和构件表面锈胀裂缝宽度的粘结强度退化模型、以及钢筋混凝土构件粘结-滑移本构关系的最新研究成果。同时,分析了现有研究的不足之处,旨在为未来的钢筋混凝土粘结性能研究提供参考。

重复荷载作用下SFCB混凝土黏结性能试验研究

针对钢-连续纤维复合筋(SFCB)混凝土构件在动荷载作用下应力传递机制复杂、黏结破坏机理及应力分布特征尚未明确等问题,通过等阶、变阶重复加载的中心拉拔试验、并与单向拉拔试验对比。结果表明:等阶、变阶重复加载试件的黏结强度比单向拉拔试件低11.8%~19.8%,黏结界面损伤更为严重,且重复加载1次平均黏结应力峰值出现约0.5%~1.6%的损失;不同加载方式,试件拔出过程中的黏结-滑移曲线特征基本相似,钢芯与纤维层因变形不一致出现相对滑移;SFCB沿埋长方向的黏结应力并非均匀分布,不同加载方式的应力“波峰”形态有所区别。明确重复荷载作用下SFCB混凝土的黏结性能,可为SFCB混凝土结构设计、黏结-滑移曲线模型建立提供重要的参考依据。

激光功率和扫描策略对TiC增强高碳钢硬质合金层开裂行为影响规律

TiC增强高碳钢硬质合金是一种在工业领域得到广泛应用的耐磨材料,但在激光熔覆制备过程中容易产生裂纹.文中采用仿真分析和熔覆试验确定了激光功率和扫描策略对硬质合金裂纹行为的影响规律.借助ANSYS软件采用有限元法确定激光熔覆后熔覆层中的温度梯度和残余应力分布,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对显微组织进行分析,结果表明,激光功率和扫描策略不同会导致在熔覆层内产生不同的热梯度分布、残余应力分布以及物相组织演变,这是造成熔覆层具有不同开裂倾向性的主要原因.高激光功率结合往复扫描策略带来了高热输入和低温度梯度,可有效减少开裂倾向.随着激光功率的增加,TiC陶瓷相会熔化溶解,合金明显呈现回火组织特征,逐渐形成贝氏体组织和回火马氏体组织,进一步有利于降低裂纹产生的倾向.

自密实再生混凝土与带肋钢筋间的黏结性能

为研究自密实再生混凝土(RASCC)与带肋钢筋的黏结性能,设计了18组试件,通过中心拉拔试验研究混凝土强度、钢筋直径、黏结长度和保护层厚度对黏结性能的影响。研究表明:RASCC与带肋钢筋的黏结强度随混凝土抗压强度呈指数型增长,随劈拉强度呈线性增长,随钢筋直径和黏结长度均呈抛物线型增长,随保护层厚度的增加呈先增大后稳定的趋势。基于试验结果,提出了RASCC与带肋钢筋的黏结强度和临界锚固长度计算公式,建立了RASCC与带肋钢筋的黏结-滑移本构模型。