Bone cement enhanced pedicle screw fixation combined with vertebroplasty for elderly patients with malignant spinal tumors

Background Older patients with malignant spinal tumors are difficult to treat because they have many co-morbidities including osteoporosis. The purpose of this research is to discuss the technique and clinical outcome of bone cement enhanced pedicle screw fixation combined with vertebroplasty （the Sandwich Procedure） for elderly patients with severe osteoporosis and malignant spinal tumors. Methods This study includes 28 consecutive elderly patients with malignant thoracic or lumbar spinal tumors. There were nine patients with myelomas, and 19 patients with metastatic bone tumors. The Sandwich Procedure began with curettage of the tumor and a vertebroplasty with bone cement （polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA）, followed by PMMA enhanced pedicle screw fixation. Patients were evaluated with the visual analogue scale （VAS）, oswestry disability index （ODI）, American Spinal Cord Injury Association （ASIA） neurological function classification, and the radiographic degree of kyphosis （Cobb angle）. Data were analyzed using paired t-test to compare the pre- and post-operative values. The complications, local recurrences, and the survival status were also recorded. Results There was no operative mortality, and the mean operative time was 210 minutes （range 150-250 minutes）. The average blood loss was 1550 ml （range 650-3300 ml）. The average amount of cement for vertebroplasty was 3.6 ml （range 3-5 ml）. The VAS, ODI, and ASIA scores were significantly improved after surgery （P 〈0.05）. However, we found no differences between the pre and post-operative Cobb angles. The shortest survival time was 3 months, and we found no evidence of local recurrence in this group of patients. Conclusion The Sandwich Procedure is a safe operation and provides symptomatic relief in these difficult patients, permitting further treatment with chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

Intracardiac,pulmonary cement embolism in a 67-year-old female after cement-augmented pedicle screw instrumentation:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND We report a case of Intracardiac,pulmonary,and intravenous cement embolism after cement-augmented pedicle screw instrumentation in treating spondylolisthesis underlying osteoporotic bone,which was successfully managed by conservative treatment.We describe the treatment and outcome of the patient,hoping to shed light on the management of bone cement embolism.CASE SUMMARY A 67-year-old female suffered from progressive low back pain and numbness in lower extremities for 30 years.She was diagnosed with L4 and L5 spondylolisthesis,spinal stenosis,and osteoporosis.The patient underwent spinal canal decompression,an interbody fusion of L4/5 and L5/S1,cement-augmented pedicle screw instrumentation in L4-L5 segments,and regular pedicle screw in S1 segments.Three days postoperatively,a sudden drop in oxygen saturation occurred.Computerized tomography scan confirmed Intracardiac,pulmonary,and intravenous embolism.The patient was treated conservatively by continuous low-flow oxygen inhalation,anti-coagulation,and antibiotic therapy for 1 mo and continued anticoagulation treatment for 6 mo.The patient showed no further symptoms in a 30-mo follow-up.CONCLUSION Intracardiac,pulmonary cement embolism after cement-augmented pedicle screw instrumentation is extremely rare.Careful clinical and radiographic evaluation is required in multiple sites of bone cement embolism.Conservative treatment may be a primary consideration in scattered emboli without life-threatening conditions,but a clinical decision should be made on an individualized basis.

Expandable pedicle screw instrumentation plus cement augmentation in surgery for severely osteoporotic spine

Objective To evaluate short-teerm clinical and radiographic results of a novel expandable pedicle screw instrumentation combined with cement augmentation in surgery for severely osteoporotic spine.Methods From October 2006 to October

Treatment of Thoracolumbar Vertebrate Fracture by Transpedicular Morselized Bone Grafting in Vertebrae for Spinal Fusion and Pedicle Screw Fixation

To enhance the fusion of graft bone in thoracolumbar vertebrae and minimize the postoperative loss of correction, short-segment pedicle screw fixation was reinforced with posterior moselizee bone grafting in vertebrae for spinal fusion in patients with thoracrolumbar vertebrate fractures. Seventy patients with thoracrolumbar vertebrate fractures were treated by short-segment pedicle screw fixation and were randomly divided into two groups. Fractures in group A （n=20） were rein-forced with posterior morselized bone grafting in vertebrae for spinal fusion, while patients group B （n=50） did not receive the morselized bone grafting for bone fusion. The two groups were compared in terms of kyphotic deformity, anterior vertebral height, instrument failure and neurological functions after the treatment. Frankel grading system was used for the evaluation of neurological evaluation and Denis scoring scale was employed for pain assessment. The results showed that the kyphosis correction was achieved in both group A and group B （group A： 6.4 degree; group B： 5.4 degree）/At the end of follow-up, kyphosis correction was maintained in group A but lost in group B （P=0.0001）. Postoperatively, greater anterior height was achieved in group A than in group B （P〈0.01）. During follow-up study, anterior vertebral height was maintained only in Group A （P〈0.001）. Both group A and group B showed good Denis pain scores （P1 and P2） but group A outdid group B in terms of control of severe and constant pain （P4 and P5）. By Frankel criteria, the changes in neurological functions in group A was better than those of group B （P〈0.001）. It is concluded that reinforcement of short-segment pedicle fixation with morselized bone grafting for the treatment of patients with thoracolumbar vertebrae fracture could achieve and maintain kyphosis correction, and it may also increase and maintain anterior vertebral height. Morselized bone grafting in vertebrae offers immediate spinal stability in patients with thoracolumbar vertebrate fractures, decreases the instrument failure and provides better postoperative pain control than without the morselized bone grafting.

Comparison of Clinical Outcomes of Cortical Bone Trajectory and Traditional Pedicle Screw Fixation in Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion

Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) is a common surgical procedure and widely used in the treatment of lumbar degenerative disc disorders. Traditionally, posterior lumbar interbody fusion is done by using the traditional pedicle screw (PS) which offers great advantages, but at the same time it has some disadvantages which include the risk of superior facet joint violation and muscle damage. Recently, an alternative method of screw insertion via cortical bone trajectory (CBT) has been invented which has less invasive process and can be placed without the drawbacks associated with the traditional pedicle screw. However, it has to remain an interest whether CBT will provide similar or greater clinical outcomes compared to PS in PLIF. So the main aim of this review is to compare the clinical outcomes of cortical bone trajectory and traditional pedicle screw fixation in posterior lumbar interbody fusion based on the articles published on this topic. Compared to the traditional pedicle screw fixation, PLIF with CBT has similar clinical outcome based on pain intensity, ODI status and JOA score, as well as similar fusion rate and radiological evaluated complication such as loosening of screw. In addition PLIF with CBT has advantages of less facet joint violation, less blood loss, less intraoperative muscle damage and perioperative pain. On the basis of this study, we can suggest that PLIF with CBT can be considered as a reasonable alternative to PS in PLIF.

Study on clinical effects of pedicle screw combined with immobilized implantation bone by wirerope and hallow compression screw immobilization in treating spondylolysis of lumbar vertebra of multiple segments of adults

Objective:To observe clinical effects of pedicle screw fixation combined with cable wires and bone graft and cannulated compression screws on adult multi-segment lumbar spondylolysis.Methods:70 cases of patients with multi-segment lumbar spondylolysis were selected in our hospital.According to different surgical schemes,these patients were divided into the observation group(35 cases)and the control group(35 cases).The observation group received pedicle screw fixation combined with cable wires and bone graft and the control group received cannulated compression screw fixation.Macnab criteria were adopted to implement a therapeutic evaluation of two groups of patients to make an observation and comparison of the excellent and good rate of surgery and a series of indicators including perioperative clinical effects,intraoperative blood loss,duration of surgery,hospital length of stay(HLOS),visual analogue scale(VAS),Oswestry disability index and Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)score.Results:The excellent and good rate of the observation group was 97.14%,and that of the control group was 82.86%,the difference between two groups was statistically significant(χ^(2)=6.248,p=0.012).The differences in intraoperative blood loss,duration of surgery and HLOS between two groups were statistically significant(t=-4.55,t=-4.55,t=-4.55;p<0.05).Oswestry index,VAS score and JOA score of the observation group were(2.4±0.9),(28.5±6.4)and(27.1±3.1)respectively,and these of the control group were(3.5±1.2),(37.1±7.8)and(21.3±2.7)respectively,the differences between two groups were statistically significant(t=4.338,t=5.043,t=8.347,p<0.05).Conclusions:Pedicle screw combined with immobilized implantation bone by wirerope has an excellent clinical effect on the treatment of adult multi-segment lumbar spondylolysis,and it has a series of advantages such as fast postoperative recovery,small surgical trauma and so on.In addition,this technique can also restore the stability of spinal segments and relieve pains to a greater degree.

Effect of surgical factors on the augmentation of cementinjectable cannulated pedicle screw fixation by a novel calcium phosphate-based nanocomposite

Bone cement-augmented pedicle screw system demonstrates great efficacy in spinal disease treatments. However, the intrinsic drawbacks associated with clinically used polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement demands for new bone cement formulations. On the basis of our previous studies, a novel injectable and biodegradable calcium phosphate-based nanocomposite (CPN) for the augmentation of pedicle screw fixation was systematically evaluated for its surgical feasibility and biomechanical performance by simulated and animal osteoporotic bone models, and the results were compared with those of clinical PMMA cement. ASTM-standard solid foam and open-cell foam models and decalcified sheep vertebra models were employed to evaluate the augmentation effects of CPN on bone tissue and on the cement-injected cannulated pedicle screws (CICPs) placed in osteoporotic bone. Surgical factors in CICPs application, such as injection force, tapping technique, screw diameter, and pedicle screw loosening scenarios, were studied in comparison with those in PMMA. When directly injected to the solid foam model, CPN revealed an identical augmentation effect to that of PMMA, as shown by the similar compressive strengths (0.73 ± 0.04 MPa for CPN group vs. 0.79 ± 0.02 MPa for PMMA group). The average injection force of CPN at approximately 40-50 N was higher than that of PMMA at approximately 20 N. Although both values are acceptable to surgeons, CPN revealed a more consistent injection force pattern than did PMMA. The dispersing and anti-pullout ability of CPN were not affected by the surgical factors of tapping technique and screw diameter. The axial pullout strength of CPN evaluated by the decalcified sheep vertebra model revealed a similar augmentation level as that of PMMA (1351.6 ± 324.2 N for CPN vs. 1459.7 ± 304.4 N for PMMA). The promising results of CPN clearly suggest its potential for replacing PMMA in CICPs augmentation application and the benefits of further study and development for clinical uses.

Clinical Outcomes and Prehabilitation Strategies of Patients Treated with Cement-Screw Technique for Tibial Defects in Total Knee Arthroplasty

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of the cement-screw technique in repairing tibial plateau bone defects in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) recipients and summarize the preoperative prehabilitation strategies for such surgeries. Methods: A total of 33 TKA recipients (45 knees) in our department underwent repair of unilateral or bilateral tibial defects using the cement-screw technique. The subjects were divided into two groups based on the differences in preoperative interventions. The control group received routine preoperative health education according to the consensus, while the observation group received instructive and standardized prehabilitation exercises for four weeks in addition to the routine education. Scale scores, intraoperative parameters, and postoperative recovery indicators were recorded at different time pointsand subjected to statistical analysis for intra-group and inter-group differences. All subjects underwent long-term follow-up for at least 24 months. Results: Within each group at different time points, there were statistically significant differences in VAS, ROM, and HSS scores (p Conclusions: Cement-screw technique for repairing tibial plateau bone defects in TKA recipients can significantly relieve pain, and improve joint function. Prehabilitation can improve preoperative rehabilitation reserves in these patients, accelerate postoperative recovery, and contribute to better short-term clinical outcomes.

个体化单侧椎弓根外入路与双侧椎弓根入路椎体成形后骨水泥的弥散效果

背景:目前已有的临床研究认为,椎弓根外入路与椎弓根入路行椎体成形治疗均可改善脊柱压缩骨折患者的疼痛并改善其生活质量,相较于椎弓根入路相比,椎弓根外入路的穿刺角度更加自由,可通过调整穿刺外倾角获得良好的骨水泥弥散效果。目的:通过量化骨水泥弥散效果,对比个体化单侧椎弓根外入路与双侧椎弓根入路行椎体成形治疗脊柱压缩性骨折的效果。方法:纳入80例胸腰椎压缩骨折患者,采用随机数字表法分为2组,双侧椎弓根组(n=40)接受双侧椎弓根入路椎体成形手术,单侧椎弓根外组(n=40)接受个体化单侧椎弓根外入路椎体成形手术。术后3 d内拍摄患椎正侧位X射线片,评估骨水泥弥散效果、弥散类型。术前及术后1 d、7 d、1个月,评估患者目测类比评分、骨折周围压痛阈值、Oswestry功能障碍指数。结果与结论:①单侧椎弓根外组患者骨水泥弥散效果优于双侧椎弓根组(P<0.001),骨水泥灌注量多于双侧椎弓根组(P<0.001);双侧椎弓根入路组骨水泥弥散类型主要集中在Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型,单侧椎弓根外组骨水泥弥散类型主要集中在Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型,两组骨水泥弥散类型比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.001);②两组患者术后的目测类比评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数均低于术前(P<0.001),术后骨折周围压痛阈值呈现先降低后升高的趋势;治疗后相同时间点,两组间目测类比评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数、骨折周围压痛阈值比较差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05);③结果表明,个体化单侧椎弓根外入路椎体成形手术可获得更好的骨水泥弥散效果,并且治疗效果与经典双侧椎弓根入路椎体成形手术一致。

Clinical and functional comparison of dynamic hip screws and intramedullary nails for treating proximal femur metastases in older individuals

Objective:To compare the outcomes of dynamic hip screws(DHS)and intramedullary nailing(IMN)in the treatment of extra-capsular metastatic carcinoma of the proximal femur.Methods:A retrospective case analysis method was used to examine data of patients with proximal metastatic cancer of the femur who were treated with internal fixation in Department of Orthopaedics,Beijing Friendship Hospital,from January 2007 to December 2018.Blood loss,postoperative pain,functional score,length of stay,and survival rates were compared,and postoperative complications were assessed.Results:Complete follow-up data were available for 33 patients.The mean follow-up period was 12.2±3.6(range:9-32)months and the average age was 72.3±4.7(range:59-83)years old.There were 20 females and 13 males.Twenty-three patients had undergone IMN and 10 DHS,according to bone defects and the patient’s overall condition.The median survival time was 10 months in the IMN group and 11 months in the DHS group.Duration of surgery(t=-7.366,P<0.001)and length of hospital stay(t=-3.509,P<0.001)differed significantly between the two groups.There was one case of breakage of internal fixation in the IMN group.Conclusions:There was no significant difference between DHS and IMN in terms of surgical efficacy.IMN and DHS were different in terms of surgical time and hospital stay.However,due to the limited number of cases in this study,multi-factor analysis has not been performed and needs to be further verified in future analysis.When developing a surgical plan,it is recommended to consider the patient’s condition and the surgeon’s experience.

椎体骨水泥强化联合短节段经皮骨水泥螺钉内固定治疗Ⅱ期Kümmell病

背景:经皮椎体后凸成形治疗Ⅱ期Kümmell病常存在术后疼痛缓解不佳、骨水泥弥散差、相邻椎体骨折发生率较高等问题。有研究显示,伤椎骨水泥强化联合后路椎管减压短节段固定治疗伴神经症状的Kümmell病具有较好的疗效。目的:比较椎体骨水泥强化联合短节段经皮骨水泥螺钉内固定与经皮椎体后凸成形治疗Ⅱ期Kümmell病的效果。方法:选择2020年1月至2023年1月上海中医药大学附属第七人民医院收治的Ⅱ期Kümmell病患者49例,其中男15例,女34例,根据治疗方式分为试验组(n=23)与对照组(n=26),试验组患者接受椎体骨水泥强化联合短节段经皮骨水泥螺钉内固定手术,对照组患者接受经皮椎体后凸成形手术。记录术后并发症发生情况,对比两组患者术后1周、6周、12周、6个月、12个月的脊柱Cobb角与伤椎前缘高度比,术后1周、12个月的Oswestry功能障碍指数与腰椎目测类比评分。结果与结论:①两组患者均完成术后12个月以上随访,对照组中有5例发生相邻椎体骨折、3例发生严重的脊柱后凸畸形,试验组中有1例出现术后切口并发症;②与术前相比,两组患者术后的脊柱Cobb角和伤椎前缘高度比均明显改善(P<0.05);试验组患者术后1周、6周、12周、6个月、12个月的脊柱Cobb角均低于对照组(P<0.05),术后1周、6周、12周、6个月、12个月的伤椎前缘高度比均高于对照组(P<0.05);③与术前相比,两组患者术后的Oswestry功能障碍指数与腰椎目测类比评分均明显改善(P<0.05);试验组患者术后1周、12个月的Oswestry功能障碍指数与腰椎目测类比评分均低于对照组(P<0.05);④结果表明,与经皮椎体后凸成形治疗相比,椎体骨水泥强化联合短节段经皮骨水泥螺钉内固定治疗Ⅱ期Kümmell病可以更好地恢复患椎高度、维持伤椎形态、改善脊柱功能、减轻腰部疼痛。

经皮椎体成形联合椎弓根强化治疗重度骨质疏松性椎体骨折的有限元分析

背景:椎弓根内骨水泥灌注联合椎体成形已被用于治疗Kummell病和椎弓根溶骨性转移瘤等疾病,但该手术方式对相邻椎体及椎间盘的影响尚不明确。目的:应用三维有限元模型探讨经皮椎体成形联合椎弓根强化术治疗重度骨质疏松性椎体骨折对邻近节段椎体以及椎间盘相关生物力学的影响。方法:选择1位已完成经皮椎体成形联合椎弓根强化术的重度骨质疏松性椎体骨折(L1)女性患者,并提取其术前及术后的CT文件,研究范围为T_(12)-L_(2)(包括伤椎、邻近椎体和椎间盘)。通过Mimics、SolidWorks和Geomagic等软件分别建立了术前、术后三维脊柱功能单元的有限元模型。在T_(12)上终板垂直方向加载500 N力矩和10 N·m旋转力矩,模拟前屈、后伸、侧屈和旋转等运动方位,分析手术前后相邻节段椎体终板和椎间盘的应力变化情况。结果与结论:①成功建立了术前和术后脊柱功能单元的三维有限元模型;②通过计算得出,在模拟载荷下,术后T_(12)下终板应力分布更均匀且最大应力值减小,与术前相比无显著差异(P>0.05);术后L_(2)上终板应力分布更均匀且最大应力与术前无显著差异(P>0.05);同样,术后T_(12)/L_(1)、L_(1)/L_(2)椎间盘应力分布也更均匀且最大应力值均显著减小(P<0.05);③因此,经皮椎体成形联合椎弓根强化能够有效改善术后相邻椎体终板和椎间盘的应力分布,并能够减小应力,最终降低术后再骨折风险以及显著延缓椎间盘退变。

经皮微创椎弓根螺钉内固定联合后路减压植骨治疗脊柱骨折疗效分析

目的探讨经皮微创椎弓根螺钉内固定联合后路减压植骨治疗脊柱骨折的临床疗效。方法选取2019年7月至2022年7月郑州市第三人民医院收治的70例脊柱骨折患者作为研究对象,按照不同治疗方法将其分为联合组(35例)和单一组(35例),联合组患者采用经皮微创椎弓根螺钉内固定联合后路减压植骨治疗,单一组患者采用经皮微创椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗,对比观察两组患者围手术期相关指标、Cobb角、椎体前缘高度、临床疗效、脊髓神经功能恢复情况与术后并发症发生情况。结果联合组患者手术时间明显长于单一组、术中出血量明显多于单一组(t=9.719、51.746,P均<0.001),而住院时间和切口愈合时间与单一组无明显差异(t=0.265、1.765,P=0.792、0.082);术后6个月,联合组患者Cobb角明显小于单一组、椎体前缘高度明显高于单一组(t=3.345、7.710,P=0.001、P<0.001);术后6个月,联合组患者临床疗效优良率为94.29%,明显高于单一组患者的临床疗效优良率77.14%(χ^(2)=4.200,P=0.040);术后6个月,联合组患者脊髓神经功能为C~D级13例、E级22例,明显优于单一组患者的脊髓神经功能为A~B级1例、C~D级21例、E级13例(Z=-2.209,P=0.027);联合组患者术后并发症发生率为8.57%,与单一组患者的术后并发症发生率11.43%无明显差异(χ^(2)=0.159,P=0.690)。结论与经皮微创椎弓根螺钉内固定相比,经皮微创椎弓根螺钉内固定联合后路减压植骨治疗脊柱骨折虽手术时间较长、术中出血量较多,但却能明显改善患者脊髓神经功能,促进脊柱生理功能恢复,临床应用价值更高。

Multitrack and multianchor point screw technique combined with the Wiltse approach for lesion debridement for lumbar tuberculosis

BACKGROUND The incidence of lumbar tuberculosis is high worldwide,and effective treatment is a continuing problem.AIM To study the safety and efficacy of the multitrack and multianchor point screw technique combined with the contralateral Wiltse approach for lesion debridement to treat lumbar tuberculosis.METHODS The C-reactive protein(CRP)level,erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),visual analogue scale(VAS)score,oswestry disability index(ODI)and American Spinal Injury Association(ASIA)grade were recorded and analysed pre-and postoperatively.RESULTS The CRP level and ESR returned to normal,and the VAS score and ODI were decreased at 3 mo postoperatively,with significant differences compared with the preoperative values(P<0.01).Neurological dysfunction was relieved,and the ASIA grade increased,with no adverse events.CONCLUSION The multitrack,multianchor point screw fixation technique combined with the contralateral Wiltse approach for debridement is an effective and safe method for the treatment of lumbar tuberculosis.

术中CT辅助椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗寰枢椎不稳疗效分析

目的探讨椎弓根螺钉内固定联合术中CT扫描治疗寰枢椎不稳的临床疗效。方法对该院2015年7月~2019年11月采用术中CT辅助后路经寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定结合术治疗的25例寰枢椎不稳患者进行回顾分析,其中22例为寰枢椎不稳或脱位,3例为新鲜的齿状突骨折、脱位;16例患者合并颈脊髓受压症状。22例术中行寰枢椎固定后植骨融合术,3例仅行内固定而未植骨融合。结果25例患者均成功完成手术,寰枢椎各50枚螺钉,术中CT扫描后修正定位针10枚,调整后植入螺钉,术中CT扫描、术后CT重建示螺钉位置均良好;术中、术后均未发现椎动脉、脊髓、神经根损伤等严重并发症发生。术后6个月复查示植骨融合满意,未植骨融合的3例患者均于术后10个月确认骨折愈合后取出内固定物。术后CT重建显示,螺钉位置Gertzbein分级为0级96枚、1级4枚;经Kappa一致性检验,术中CT扫描和术后CT重建显示的螺钉位置Gertzbein分级结果具有非常好的一致性(Kappa=1)。16例合并颈脊髓症状患者的术前JOA评分为(11.3±0.9)分,术后6个月改善为(14.6±0.8)分,术后1年为(15.3±0.8)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论术中CT辅助椎弓根螺钉治疗寰枢椎不稳可以提高置钉的精准性和手术安全性,可以更好地判断寰枢椎复位,取得良好的临床疗效。

经伤椎椎弓根植骨与不植骨联合内固定术治疗对腰椎骨折患者伤椎高度丢失的影响分析

目的探究在腰椎骨折的临床治疗中,经伤椎椎弓根植骨与不植骨联合内固定术的应用效果。方法回顾性选取2022年10月—2023年10月福州市第二医院收治的60例腰椎骨折手术患者的临床资料,按照术中有无经伤椎椎弓根植骨分为对照组和研究组,各30例。对照组采用后路经伤椎椎弓根置钉内固定,研究组采用后路经伤椎椎弓根植骨联合置钉内固定,对比两组患者的临床疗效、脊柱状态、腰椎功能、日常生活能力及并发症发生情况。结果研究组治疗优良率为93.33%(28/30),高于对照组的70.00%(21/30),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.455,P<0.05)。术后12个月,研究组伤椎前缘高度、伤椎楔形角大于对照组,后凸Cobb角、椎管狭窄率、椎体前缘压缩率均小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。术后12个月,研究组日本骨科协会评估量表和巴塞尔指数评价表评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。研究组术后并发症总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在腰椎骨折的临床治疗中,后路经伤椎椎弓根植骨联合置钉内固定能够促进患者术后腰椎功能恢复,改善伤椎高度丢失,并减轻创伤应激和疼痛刺激,降低并发症发生风险,提高康复效率,改善预后,实用性和安全性更高。

骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉固定对腰椎椎管狭窄伴骨质疏松患者椎间融合率的影响及其远期效果分析

目的探讨骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉固定对腰椎椎管狭窄伴骨质疏松患者椎间融合率的影响及其远期效果。方法选取本院2019年7—12月收治的52例腰椎椎管狭窄合并骨质疏松患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组26例,对两组患者施行椎板减压、椎间盘摘除、椎间植骨融合、椎弓根钉内固定术治疗。实验组采用骨水泥强化椎弓根钉固定,对照组采用普通椎弓根钉固定。记录患者疗效相关评分,术后半年进行腰椎X光检查了解椎间融合情况。结果两组患者在术前及术后2周的VAS评分、JOA评分及ODI评分差异并无统计学意义(P>0.05);而术后3个月时起至术后2年的VAS评分、JOA评分及ODI评分对比具有明显差异,具有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后半年通过Bridwell标准判断两组患者的椎间融合率时也发现两者具有显著差异,实验组患者椎间融合率明显高于对照组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论骨水泥强化椎弓根钉固定技术能有效提高椎体间植骨融合率,患者术后两年疗效令人满意,尽管目前对该技术的安全性仍有部分争议,但总的来说是利大于弊的,值得在临床上进一步推广。

不同入路法联合小针刀术在胸腰椎创伤性骨折微创椎弓根钉内固定术中的临床疗效研究

目的:分析不同入路法联合小针刀术在胸腰椎创伤性骨折微创椎弓根钉内固定术中的临床疗效,以及对血清骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(BALP)、Ⅰ型胶原羧基肽β特殊序列(β-CTX)水平的影响。方法:选取我院2020年1月-2022年6月收治的120例行微创椎弓根钉内固定术联合小针刀术干预治疗的胸腰椎创伤性骨折患者,随机分为三组。A组(40例)选择经皮入路,B组(40例)选择经Wiltse入路,C组(40例)选择经后正中入路。记录并比较三组伤椎有效性指标:Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)、后凸Cobb角和前缘高度比;视觉模拟疼痛(VAS)评分、血清BALP、β-CTX水平和围手术期指标(手术时间、术中出血量和术后引流量)。结果:三组患者术后7 d、30 d的伤椎ODI、后凸Cobb角和前缘高度比均优于术前,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),但三组间伤椎ODI、后凸Cobb角和前缘高度比差异无统计意义(P>0.05);三组患者术后VAS评分均显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),且三组术后1 d、7 d的VAS评分比较差异有统计意义(P <0.05);三组患者术后血清BALP水平均明显上升,血清β-CTX水平均明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05),且三组术后7 d的血清BALP及β-CTX水平比较差异有统计意义(P <0.05);三组手术时间、术中出血量和术后引流量关系为A组<B组<C组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论:经皮入路和经Wiltse入路微创椎弓根钉内固定术联合小针刀术干预治疗能有效改善胸腰椎创伤性骨折患者伤椎有效性及骨代谢水平,而传统后正中入路的有效性及对骨代谢水平的改善作用相对较差,临床可结合患者情况在经皮入路和经Wiltse入路二者之间酌情选择入路方式,并结合小针刀术进行干预治疗。

皮质骨通道螺钉技术在腰椎退变性疾病中的应用效果

目的:探讨皮质骨通道螺钉技术在老年腰椎退行性疾病患者中的应用效果。方法:选取2021年7月—2023年7月中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第926医院收治的腰椎退变性疾病患者64例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组以及观察组,各32例。对照组实施椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗,观察组实施皮质骨通道螺钉技术治疗。比较两组手术相关指标、疼痛情况、腰椎功能。结果:观察组手术时间短于对照组,切口长度小于对照组,术中出血量、术后引流量少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。治疗前,两组视觉模拟评分法(VAS)、日本骨科协会评估治疗分数(JOA)评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后6个月,两组VAS评分降低,观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组JOA评分升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组JOA评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:皮质骨通道螺钉技术在老年腰椎退行性疾病患者中的应用效果显著,可缩短手术时间,减小手术切口,减少术中出血量与术后引流量,减轻疼痛,且不会影响腰椎功能。

骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎退行性疾病的Meta分析

目的:骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉技术近年来被广泛应用于合并骨质疏松的脊柱内固定手术中,可以显著提高固定强度,但与常规椎弓根螺钉内固定比较是否更具有优势尚缺乏循证医学定论。文章系统评价骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉固定治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎退行性疾病的临床疗效及安全性。方法:在中国知网、中国生物医学文献、万方、维普、PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science以及Embase数据库中,检索有关传统椎弓根螺钉与骨水泥强化螺钉固定治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎退行性疾病的临床对照研究,按相关标准对文献进行筛选和质量评价,采用Rev Man 5.4软件进行Meta分析。结果:①纳入2篇随机对照研究和18篇回顾性队列研究,共20篇文献,包括1566例患者,其中骨水泥强化螺钉组789例,传统螺钉组777例;②Meta分析结果显示,骨水泥强化螺钉组术后日本矫形外科协会评分、椎间隙高度及融合率均高于传统螺钉组(MD=1.60,95%CI:1.14,2.07,P<0.00001;MD=1.26,95%CI:0.62,1.90,P=0.0001;OR=11.24,95%CI:2.86,44.14,P=0.0005),手术时间长于传统螺钉组(SMD=0.82,95%CI:0.42,1.23,P<0.0001),术后目测类比评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数及螺钉松动率均低于传统螺钉组(MD=-0.50,95%CI:-0.78,-0.21,P=0.0007;SMD=-0.49,95%CI:-0.88,-0.10,P=0.01;OR=0.08,95%CI:0.05,0.12,P<0.00001),两组间住院时间、术中出血量、术后引流量比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论:相较于传统椎弓根螺钉固定,骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉固定治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎退行性疾病时更能有效改善术后融合率及椎间隙高度、降低术后螺钉松动率,提高远期临床疗效。