Bone morphogenetic proteins （BMPs） have multiple roles in skeletal development, homeostasis and regeneration. BMPs signal via type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors （BMPRI and BMPRII）. In recent deca...Bone morphogenetic proteins （BMPs） have multiple roles in skeletal development, homeostasis and regeneration. BMPs signal via type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors （BMPRI and BMPRII）. In recent decades, genetic studies in humans and mice have demonstrated that perturbations in BMP signaling via BMPRI resulted in various diseases in bone, cartilage, and muscles. In this review, we focus on all three types of BMPRI, which consist of activin-like kinase 2 （ALK2, also called type IA activin receptor）, activin- llke kinase 3 （ALK3, also called BMPRIA）, and activin-like kinase 6 （ALK6, also called BMPRIB）. The research areas covered include the current progress regarding the roles of these receptors during myogenesis, chondrogenesis, and osteogenesis. Understanding the physiological and pathological functions of these receptors at the cellular and molecular levels will advance drug development and tissue regeneration for treating musculoskeletal diseases and bone defects in the future.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the influence of bone morphogenetic protein type IA receptor [BMPR-IA(ALK3)] conditional knockout in lens on expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4(BMP4) in lens during the development of the v...AIM: To investigate the influence of bone morphogenetic protein type IA receptor [BMPR-IA(ALK3)] conditional knockout in lens on expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4(BMP4) in lens during the development of the vertebrate eye.METHODS: Cre-positive mice were mated with Crenegative mice to generate 50% Cre-positive(conditional knockout, CKO) 4 embryos, 8 eyes and 50% Cre-negative offspring(wild type, WT) 4 embryos, 8 eyes. The embryos were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned to a thickness of 4 μm.Removal of paraffin wax and dehydrating for sections,and then the procedure of in situ hybridization was processed, BMP4 MK1784-m(BOSTER) was used, and observed the expression of BMP4 in the lens in experimental group and control group. We selected SPSS11.0 software for statistical analysis, P【0.05 showed that the difference was statistically significant.· RESULTS: Four embryos of each genotype were examined, totally we had 8 embryos, 16 eyes. We got the uniform outcomes in all the embryos. We found ALK3 was required during lens growing, but was not essential for the formation of lens. We observed that the expression of BMP4 in the lens was significantly reduced in all 8 ALK3 CKO lens, BMP4 expression was normal in all the 8 WT lens, P 【0.01. This phenomenon became increasingly visible in accordance with embryo development. The most apparent alteration was present at stage E15.5.CONCLUSION: ALK3 is essential for lens growth. The influence of ALK3 on the expression of BMP4 is present during the development of mice lens.展开更多
绵羊繁殖性能在绵羊产业中有着重要意义,除通过一些技术手段(如同期发情、人工授精、超数排卵等)之外,在目前已知的关于能够提高绵羊繁殖力的16个基因共20个突变体当中,以骨形态发生蛋白受体-1B(bone morphogenetic protein receptor ty...绵羊繁殖性能在绵羊产业中有着重要意义,除通过一些技术手段(如同期发情、人工授精、超数排卵等)之外,在目前已知的关于能够提高绵羊繁殖力的16个基因共20个突变体当中,以骨形态发生蛋白受体-1B(bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1B,BMPR-1B)基因对绵羊繁殖力的影响最大。BMPR-1B基因是世界上第一个被发现的多羔主效基因,其编码区的A746G突变导致蛋白质序列中第249位的谷氨酰胺被置换为精氨酸(Q249R),最终能够引起绵羊排卵数和产羔数增加。作者介绍了绵羊多羔主效基因BMPR-1B及其突变体FecB(A746G)的发现与结构,简述了该基因分子方面的作用机理,对BMP/Smad信号通路的调控以及与绵羊繁殖之间的联系,并简单分析了FecB突变后对绵羊卵巢、卵泡等组织细胞功能,激素调节和相关基因表达的影响。进一步加深对BMPR-1B基因的了解,为研究人员探明该基因诱使绵羊等动物提高产羔数的调控机制,相关配体、调控因子和上下游信号蛋白的影响以及加快哺乳动物高效育种繁殖、扩大种群规模和多胎品系的建立,增加养殖人员的经济收入等提供一些参考和帮助。展开更多
筛选和分析与BMP2诱导间充质干细胞C3H10成骨分化有关的TGF-βⅠ型受体。利用显性负性突变型TGF-βⅠ型受体竞争抑制配体功能的特性,运用碱性磷酸酶定量测定、Real time PCR等方法,初步筛选出可能与BMP2诱导间充质干细胞C3H10成骨分化...筛选和分析与BMP2诱导间充质干细胞C3H10成骨分化有关的TGF-βⅠ型受体。利用显性负性突变型TGF-βⅠ型受体竞争抑制配体功能的特性,运用碱性磷酸酶定量测定、Real time PCR等方法,初步筛选出可能与BMP2诱导间充质干细胞C3H10成骨分化有关的的TGF-βⅠ型受体,随后运用RNA干扰的方法抑制相应TGF-βⅠ型受体的表达,进一步证实相关TGF-βⅠ型受体与BMP2发挥诱导成骨活性的关系。结果证实,显性负性突变的ALK3和ALK6能够抑制BMP2诱导的C3H10细胞成骨分化;RNA干扰抑制ALK3或(和)ALK6表达后,BMP2诱导C3H10细胞向成骨分化的趋势受到抑制。因此,ALK3和ALK6是与BMP2诱导C3H10细胞成骨分化有关的TGF-βⅠ型受体。展开更多
首次在栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)中克隆了骨形态发生蛋白I型受体(Bone morphogenetic protein type Ⅰ receptor,cfBMPR1)基因cDNA全长序列,该基因开放阅读框长1560bp,编码为519个氨基酸。实时荧光定量反转录PCR(real-time qRT-PCR)分...首次在栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)中克隆了骨形态发生蛋白I型受体(Bone morphogenetic protein type Ⅰ receptor,cfBMPR1)基因cDNA全长序列,该基因开放阅读框长1560bp,编码为519个氨基酸。实时荧光定量反转录PCR(real-time qRT-PCR)分析结果显示,cfBMPR1基因在栉孔扇贝受精卵、4细胞期、囊胚、原肠胚、担轮幼虫期、D型幼虫期和壳顶幼虫期等发育时期均有表达,其中胚胎时期表达量高于幼虫期,提示该基因在扇贝早期发育及幼虫形态形成过程中的重要作用;在成体组织,包括外套膜、鳃、性腺、肾、横纹肌和消化腺中也均检测到了cfBMPR1的表达,其中以性腺和横纹肌中表达量最高,暗示其参与了扇贝包括繁殖和肌肉生长发育等在内的多种生物学过程。研究结果为进一步研究TGF-β信号通路在扇贝生长发育中的功能提供了基础数据。展开更多
The objective was to investigate the expression of bone morphogenetic protein （BMP） family members in the mouse uterus during the estrous cycle by real-time polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and immunohistochemistry...The objective was to investigate the expression of bone morphogenetic protein （BMP） family members in the mouse uterus during the estrous cycle by real-time polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and immunohistochemistry. Uterine samples from Swiss ICR mice were collected and dissected free of surrounding tissue. One uterine horn was snap frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately after collection and stored at -80 ℃for RNA extraction, and the other was fixed in 40 mg/ml paraformaldehyde at room temperature for immunolocalization of BMP2 protein. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression level of Bmp2 was significantly higher at proestrus than at estrus and metestrus （P〈0.05）. The relative abundance of Bmp4 exhibited significant fluctuations, but there were no statistically significant differences between the expression levels of Bmp2 and Bmp4 （P〉0.05）. The expression levels of Bmprla and Bmpr2 remained unchanged during estrous cycles. However, the level of Bmprlb mRNA decreased significantly at estrus （P〈0.05）, increasing subsequently at metestrus. Furthermore, the level of Bmprlb mRNA was significantly lower than those of Bmprla and Bmpr2 mRNA at the corresponding stages （P〈0.05）. All three receptor-regulated Smads （R-Smads） detected were differentially expressed in the mouse uterus and the expression levels of Smadl and Smad5 were significantly higher than that of Smad8 （P〈0.05）. In addition, the expression level of Smad4 did not change substantially throughout the estrous cycle. Immunohistochemical experiments revealed that BMP2 protein was differentially expressed and localized mainly in the uterine luminal and glandular epithelial cells throughout the estrous cycle. In conclusion, our results provide information about the variation in the mRNA levels of Bmp2 and Bmp4 and related components of the BMP signaling pathway. The data provide quantitative and useful information about the roles of endometrial BMP proposed and demonstrated by others, such as the degradation and remodeling of the endometrium.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81500814) (SXL)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81430012 and No. 81170939) (XJ)+2 种基金the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2012CB933604)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (No. 81225006)the National Institutes of Health Grants DE025014 and R56DE022789 (JQF)
文摘Bone morphogenetic proteins （BMPs） have multiple roles in skeletal development, homeostasis and regeneration. BMPs signal via type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors （BMPRI and BMPRII）. In recent decades, genetic studies in humans and mice have demonstrated that perturbations in BMP signaling via BMPRI resulted in various diseases in bone, cartilage, and muscles. In this review, we focus on all three types of BMPRI, which consist of activin-like kinase 2 （ALK2, also called type IA activin receptor）, activin- llke kinase 3 （ALK3, also called BMPRIA）, and activin-like kinase 6 （ALK6, also called BMPRIB）. The research areas covered include the current progress regarding the roles of these receptors during myogenesis, chondrogenesis, and osteogenesis. Understanding the physiological and pathological functions of these receptors at the cellular and molecular levels will advance drug development and tissue regeneration for treating musculoskeletal diseases and bone defects in the future.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30872836)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China(No.201102054)
文摘AIM: To investigate the influence of bone morphogenetic protein type IA receptor [BMPR-IA(ALK3)] conditional knockout in lens on expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4(BMP4) in lens during the development of the vertebrate eye.METHODS: Cre-positive mice were mated with Crenegative mice to generate 50% Cre-positive(conditional knockout, CKO) 4 embryos, 8 eyes and 50% Cre-negative offspring(wild type, WT) 4 embryos, 8 eyes. The embryos were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned to a thickness of 4 μm.Removal of paraffin wax and dehydrating for sections,and then the procedure of in situ hybridization was processed, BMP4 MK1784-m(BOSTER) was used, and observed the expression of BMP4 in the lens in experimental group and control group. We selected SPSS11.0 software for statistical analysis, P【0.05 showed that the difference was statistically significant.· RESULTS: Four embryos of each genotype were examined, totally we had 8 embryos, 16 eyes. We got the uniform outcomes in all the embryos. We found ALK3 was required during lens growing, but was not essential for the formation of lens. We observed that the expression of BMP4 in the lens was significantly reduced in all 8 ALK3 CKO lens, BMP4 expression was normal in all the 8 WT lens, P 【0.01. This phenomenon became increasingly visible in accordance with embryo development. The most apparent alteration was present at stage E15.5.CONCLUSION: ALK3 is essential for lens growth. The influence of ALK3 on the expression of BMP4 is present during the development of mice lens.
文摘绵羊繁殖性能在绵羊产业中有着重要意义,除通过一些技术手段(如同期发情、人工授精、超数排卵等)之外,在目前已知的关于能够提高绵羊繁殖力的16个基因共20个突变体当中,以骨形态发生蛋白受体-1B(bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1B,BMPR-1B)基因对绵羊繁殖力的影响最大。BMPR-1B基因是世界上第一个被发现的多羔主效基因,其编码区的A746G突变导致蛋白质序列中第249位的谷氨酰胺被置换为精氨酸(Q249R),最终能够引起绵羊排卵数和产羔数增加。作者介绍了绵羊多羔主效基因BMPR-1B及其突变体FecB(A746G)的发现与结构,简述了该基因分子方面的作用机理,对BMP/Smad信号通路的调控以及与绵羊繁殖之间的联系,并简单分析了FecB突变后对绵羊卵巢、卵泡等组织细胞功能,激素调节和相关基因表达的影响。进一步加深对BMPR-1B基因的了解,为研究人员探明该基因诱使绵羊等动物提高产羔数的调控机制,相关配体、调控因子和上下游信号蛋白的影响以及加快哺乳动物高效育种繁殖、扩大种群规模和多胎品系的建立,增加养殖人员的经济收入等提供一些参考和帮助。
文摘筛选和分析与BMP2诱导间充质干细胞C3H10成骨分化有关的TGF-βⅠ型受体。利用显性负性突变型TGF-βⅠ型受体竞争抑制配体功能的特性,运用碱性磷酸酶定量测定、Real time PCR等方法,初步筛选出可能与BMP2诱导间充质干细胞C3H10成骨分化有关的的TGF-βⅠ型受体,随后运用RNA干扰的方法抑制相应TGF-βⅠ型受体的表达,进一步证实相关TGF-βⅠ型受体与BMP2发挥诱导成骨活性的关系。结果证实,显性负性突变的ALK3和ALK6能够抑制BMP2诱导的C3H10细胞成骨分化;RNA干扰抑制ALK3或(和)ALK6表达后,BMP2诱导C3H10细胞向成骨分化的趋势受到抑制。因此,ALK3和ALK6是与BMP2诱导C3H10细胞成骨分化有关的TGF-βⅠ型受体。
文摘首次在栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)中克隆了骨形态发生蛋白I型受体(Bone morphogenetic protein type Ⅰ receptor,cfBMPR1)基因cDNA全长序列,该基因开放阅读框长1560bp,编码为519个氨基酸。实时荧光定量反转录PCR(real-time qRT-PCR)分析结果显示,cfBMPR1基因在栉孔扇贝受精卵、4细胞期、囊胚、原肠胚、担轮幼虫期、D型幼虫期和壳顶幼虫期等发育时期均有表达,其中胚胎时期表达量高于幼虫期,提示该基因在扇贝早期发育及幼虫形态形成过程中的重要作用;在成体组织,包括外套膜、鳃、性腺、肾、横纹肌和消化腺中也均检测到了cfBMPR1的表达,其中以性腺和横纹肌中表达量最高,暗示其参与了扇贝包括繁殖和肌肉生长发育等在内的多种生物学过程。研究结果为进一步研究TGF-β信号通路在扇贝生长发育中的功能提供了基础数据。
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31172206)the Grant-in-Aid for Innovative Training of Doctoral Students in Jiangsu Province(No.CXLX13-287)
文摘The objective was to investigate the expression of bone morphogenetic protein （BMP） family members in the mouse uterus during the estrous cycle by real-time polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and immunohistochemistry. Uterine samples from Swiss ICR mice were collected and dissected free of surrounding tissue. One uterine horn was snap frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately after collection and stored at -80 ℃for RNA extraction, and the other was fixed in 40 mg/ml paraformaldehyde at room temperature for immunolocalization of BMP2 protein. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression level of Bmp2 was significantly higher at proestrus than at estrus and metestrus （P〈0.05）. The relative abundance of Bmp4 exhibited significant fluctuations, but there were no statistically significant differences between the expression levels of Bmp2 and Bmp4 （P〉0.05）. The expression levels of Bmprla and Bmpr2 remained unchanged during estrous cycles. However, the level of Bmprlb mRNA decreased significantly at estrus （P〈0.05）, increasing subsequently at metestrus. Furthermore, the level of Bmprlb mRNA was significantly lower than those of Bmprla and Bmpr2 mRNA at the corresponding stages （P〈0.05）. All three receptor-regulated Smads （R-Smads） detected were differentially expressed in the mouse uterus and the expression levels of Smadl and Smad5 were significantly higher than that of Smad8 （P〈0.05）. In addition, the expression level of Smad4 did not change substantially throughout the estrous cycle. Immunohistochemical experiments revealed that BMP2 protein was differentially expressed and localized mainly in the uterine luminal and glandular epithelial cells throughout the estrous cycle. In conclusion, our results provide information about the variation in the mRNA levels of Bmp2 and Bmp4 and related components of the BMP signaling pathway. The data provide quantitative and useful information about the roles of endometrial BMP proposed and demonstrated by others, such as the degradation and remodeling of the endometrium.
