Dark mudstones and shales of the Carboniferous Jiusi Formation are widely developed in northern Guizhou and Yunnan provinces, SW China. However, the distribution, reservoir characterization, and exploration potential ...Dark mudstones and shales of the Carboniferous Jiusi Formation are widely developed in northern Guizhou and Yunnan provinces, SW China. However, the distribution, reservoir characterization, and exploration potential of organic-rich shales in this area are yet to be quantified, thus limiting the prospect of shale gas in this area. This study investigates the basic geological conditions of Jiusi shale gas, using core data, well-logs, and some other test data, obtaining the following results. The organic-rich shales are mainly composed of deltaic-to-shallow-shelf deposits, with thickness ranging from 0 to 450 m, and above 350 m around the subsidence center. The organic matter is mainly type Ⅱ kerogen with TOC content of mostly 1%–2%, indicating a moderate maturity. The argillaceous shale reservoirs are indicative of strong heterogeneity, high clay minerals content, low porosity, low permeability, high specific surface area, and relatively developed secondary porosity. The gas-log anomaly intervals obtained from the survey wells have a cumulative thickness that is apparently greater than 200 m, and a few shale intervals showing high desorbed and adsorbed gas contents. Due to complex structures in the study area, conditions responsible for shale gas occurrence and trapping are generally moderate. However, areas having wide and gentle folds with moderate depth of burial reveals relatively favorable conditions of hydrocarbon traps. In contrast with typical marine-continental transitional shales, the Jiusi shale have better geological conditions for shale gas preservation. The analysis of the geological framework and hydrocarbon potential of Carboniferous Jiusi Formation provide more insight for the exploration of Carboniferous shale gas in southern China.展开更多
Background:This paper seeks to assess the function of malaria control consultation and service posts(MCCSPs)that are located on the border areas of Yunnan province,P.R.China,as a strategy for eliminating malaria among...Background:This paper seeks to assess the function of malaria control consultation and service posts(MCCSPs)that are located on the border areas of Yunnan province,P.R.China,as a strategy for eliminating malaria among the mobile and migrant population in these areas.Methods:A retrospective descriptive analytical study was conducted.Blood smear examinations conducted at all MCCSPs in Yunnan from 2008 to 2014 were analysed.A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2014 to understand how the MCCSPs function and to elucidate the quality of the blood smear examinations that they conduct.Results:Out of the surveyed MCCSPs,66%(39/59),22%(13/59),and 12%(7/59)were attached to local township hospitals,village health clinics,and the county centre for disease control and prevention or private clinics,respectively.More than 64%(38/59)of the posts’staff were part-time workers from township hospitals and village health facilities.Less than 31%(18/59)of the posts’staff were full-time workers.A total of 35 positive malaria cases were reported from seven MCCSPs in 2014.Four MCCSPs were unable to perform their functions due to under staffing in 2014.There was a small fluctuation in blood smear examinations from January 2008 to June 2009,with two peaks during the period from July 2009 to October 2010.The number of blood smear examinations has been increasing since 2011.The yearly mean number of blood smear examinations in each post increased from 44 per month in 2011 to 109 per month in 2014,and the number of positive malaria cases detected by blood smear examinations has declined(χ^(2)=90.67,P=0.000).The percentage of people from Yingjiang county getting blood smear examinations increased between 2008 and 2014,while percentages of the mobile population including Myanmar people,people from other provinces,and people from other Yunnan counties getting blood smear examinations decreased.Conclusion:MCCSPs face challenges in the phase of malaria elimination in Yunnan,China.New case detection strategies should be designed for MCCSPs taking into account the current trends of migration.展开更多
基金supported by National Science and Technology Major Project entitled Test and Application Promotion of Shale Gas Exploration and Evaluation Techniques(No.2016ZX05034)a project organized by the China Geological Survey entitled Shale Gas Geological Survey in Northeastern Yunnan(No.DD20190080).
文摘Dark mudstones and shales of the Carboniferous Jiusi Formation are widely developed in northern Guizhou and Yunnan provinces, SW China. However, the distribution, reservoir characterization, and exploration potential of organic-rich shales in this area are yet to be quantified, thus limiting the prospect of shale gas in this area. This study investigates the basic geological conditions of Jiusi shale gas, using core data, well-logs, and some other test data, obtaining the following results. The organic-rich shales are mainly composed of deltaic-to-shallow-shelf deposits, with thickness ranging from 0 to 450 m, and above 350 m around the subsidence center. The organic matter is mainly type Ⅱ kerogen with TOC content of mostly 1%–2%, indicating a moderate maturity. The argillaceous shale reservoirs are indicative of strong heterogeneity, high clay minerals content, low porosity, low permeability, high specific surface area, and relatively developed secondary porosity. The gas-log anomaly intervals obtained from the survey wells have a cumulative thickness that is apparently greater than 200 m, and a few shale intervals showing high desorbed and adsorbed gas contents. Due to complex structures in the study area, conditions responsible for shale gas occurrence and trapping are generally moderate. However, areas having wide and gentle folds with moderate depth of burial reveals relatively favorable conditions of hydrocarbon traps. In contrast with typical marine-continental transitional shales, the Jiusi shale have better geological conditions for shale gas preservation. The analysis of the geological framework and hydrocarbon potential of Carboniferous Jiusi Formation provide more insight for the exploration of Carboniferous shale gas in southern China.
基金China UK Global Health Support programme(GHSP-OP101)for financial support.
文摘Background:This paper seeks to assess the function of malaria control consultation and service posts(MCCSPs)that are located on the border areas of Yunnan province,P.R.China,as a strategy for eliminating malaria among the mobile and migrant population in these areas.Methods:A retrospective descriptive analytical study was conducted.Blood smear examinations conducted at all MCCSPs in Yunnan from 2008 to 2014 were analysed.A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2014 to understand how the MCCSPs function and to elucidate the quality of the blood smear examinations that they conduct.Results:Out of the surveyed MCCSPs,66%(39/59),22%(13/59),and 12%(7/59)were attached to local township hospitals,village health clinics,and the county centre for disease control and prevention or private clinics,respectively.More than 64%(38/59)of the posts’staff were part-time workers from township hospitals and village health facilities.Less than 31%(18/59)of the posts’staff were full-time workers.A total of 35 positive malaria cases were reported from seven MCCSPs in 2014.Four MCCSPs were unable to perform their functions due to under staffing in 2014.There was a small fluctuation in blood smear examinations from January 2008 to June 2009,with two peaks during the period from July 2009 to October 2010.The number of blood smear examinations has been increasing since 2011.The yearly mean number of blood smear examinations in each post increased from 44 per month in 2011 to 109 per month in 2014,and the number of positive malaria cases detected by blood smear examinations has declined(χ^(2)=90.67,P=0.000).The percentage of people from Yingjiang county getting blood smear examinations increased between 2008 and 2014,while percentages of the mobile population including Myanmar people,people from other provinces,and people from other Yunnan counties getting blood smear examinations decreased.Conclusion:MCCSPs face challenges in the phase of malaria elimination in Yunnan,China.New case detection strategies should be designed for MCCSPs taking into account the current trends of migration.
