Desilication kinetics of calcined boron mud in molten sodium hydroxide media

Desilication kinetics of calcined boron mud(CBM) occurring in molten sodium hydroxide media was investigated. The effects of factors such as reaction temperature and Na OH-to-CBM mass ratio on silicon extraction efficiency were studied. The results show that silicon extraction efficiency increases with increasing the reaction time and Na OH-to-CBM mass ratio. There are two stages for the desilication process of the calcined boron mud. The overall desilication process follows the shrinking-core model, and the first and second stages of the process were determined to obey the shrinking-core model for surface chemical reaction and the diffusion through the product layer, respectively. The activation energies of the first and second stages were calculated to be 44.78 k J/mol and 15.94 k J/mol, respectively.

Extraction of Magnesium Oxide from Boron Mud

The boron mud is solid waste from a borax factory in Liaoning province, China. The main chemical compositions of the boron mud powder are MgO 43.36%, SiO2 25.99%, Fe2O3 5.55% (shown in Table 1), and its mineral phases are mainly forsterite, magnesite and phlogopite.

Preparation of Low Ratio Magnesium Ccement by Acid Leaching Treatment of Boron Mud

The effects of liquid-solid ratio and reaction time on the leaching rate of magnesium at room temperature were investigated,as well as the effects of the molar ratio of MgO/MgCl_(2),the amount of water added,and the amount of acid-impregnated slag dosed on the compressive strength and water resistance of LR-MOC.The results showed that the magnesium element in the boron mud could be maximally leached under the conditions of 1:1 concentration of hydrochloric acid at room temperature,liquid-solid ratio of 2.5 mL·g^(-1),and reaction time of 5 h,and the main products were amorphous SiO_(2) as well as a small amount of magnesium olivine which had not been completely reacted.The LR-MOC prepared using the acid-soaked mixture could reach a softening coefficient of 0.85 for 28 d of water immersion when the molar ratio of MgO/MgCl_(2) was 2.2,the amount of water added was 0 g,and the acid-soaked slag dosing was 40 wt%,which also led to an appreciable late-strength,with an increase of 19.4%in compressive strength at 28 d compared to that at 7 d.Unlike previous studies,LR-MOC prepared in this way has a final strength phase that is not the more easily hydrolysed 3-phase but the lath-like 5-phase.For this phenomenon,we analyzed the mechanism and found that,during the acid leaching process,a part of amorphous SiO_(2) dissolved in the acid leaching solution formed a silica sol,in which Mg^(2+)played a bridging role to make the silica sol more stable.With the addition and hydrolysis of MgO,the silica sol gel coagulation slows down,providing a capping layer to inhibit the hydrolysis of the 5-phase crystals and providing some strength after coagulation.The amorphous SiO_(2) in the other part of the acid-impregnated slag generated M-S-H gel with Mg^(2+)and OH-,which synergised with the dense structure composed of interlocking crystals to improve the water resistance of LR-MOC.

Efficient synthesis of forsterite via high-temperature thermochemical reactions from boron mud waste without briquetting

Forsterite is a highly demanded material in high-temperature industries due to its superior performance in elevated temperatures.This study proposes synthesizing high-quality forsterite via high-temperature thermochemical reactions using abundant boron mud waste.The new synthesis method capitalizes on the high reactivity of fine raw powder materials,enabling the reaction to reach completion at low temperatures rapidly.The chemical characteristics,microscopic morphology,and structure of synthe-sized samples are systematically studied using XRD and SEM.The results confirm that boron mud can be efficiently transformed into forsterite after 10 min of reactions at 1500℃.The synthesized products attain over 98.7%densification and contain more than 85.0%forsterite with well-developed grains.The activation energy of forsterite grain growth in the 1100-1500℃temperature range is 165.5 kJ/mol.This study provides a low-cost method for producing forsterite and an efficient and environmentally friendly solution for treating solid waste.

Effect of Boron Mud and CaF_2 on Surface Tension and Density of CaO-SiO_2-B_2O_3 Ternary Slag Systems

The effect of boron mud and CaF2,which were used as fluxing agents,on surface tension and density of CaO-SiO2-B2O3 ternary slag systems was investigated.The surface tension and density were measured by using the ring detachment method and Archimedean method,respectively.The results indicated that surface tension and density of the slag systems decreased with increasing temperature in the range of 1380-1480℃.When 5%-10% CaF2 was employed as fluxing agent,the surface tension and density of slag were decreased with increasing CaF2 content,and the surface tension changed from 0.3to 0.6N/m,while the density changed from 3.4to 4.1g/cm3.However,when using 5%-10%boron mud as fluxing agent,the surface tension was enhanced,whereas the density decreased with the increase of boron mud content,and the variation range was 0.4-0.6N/m for surface tension and 3.2-3.9g/cm3 for the density.As a conclusion,using boron mud as fluxing agent to substitute for CaF2 did not cause significant changes in slag surface tension and density.

Extracting B_2O_3 from calcined boron mud using molten sodium hydroxide

Extracting B2O3 from calcined boron mud(CBM) was studied. The effect of factors such as reaction temperature and NaO H-to-CBM mass ratio on B2O3 extraction efficiency was investigated. The results show that increasing reaction temperature and NaO H-to-CBM mass ratio increases B2O3 extraction efficiency. There are two stages for the B2O3 extracting process: 0–20 min is the first stage, which is rapid; 20–50 min is the second stage, which is slower than the first stage. The overall extracting process follows the shrinking core model, and the first and second stages are determined to obey the surface chemical reaction model and the diffusion through the products layer model,respectively. The activation energies of the first and second stages are calculated to be 41.74 and 15.43 kJ·mol-1,respectively. The B2O3 extracting kinetics equations of the first and second stages are also obtained.

Recovery of silica from sodium silicate solution of calcined boron mud

The effect of several parameters on the recovery of silicon dioxide from calcined boron mud（CBM）such as stirring speed, temperature, sodium silicate concentration, and carbonation time was studied. The recovery of silicon dioxide is 88 % when the stirring speed is450 r min-1, temperature is 60 °C, sodium silicate concentration is 1 mol L-1, and the carbonation time is 6 h.The effect of carbonation time on the recovery of silicon dioxide is divided into three kinetic regimes, and the carbonation process of sodium silicate solution follows a second-order reaction based on the double-film theory model. The apparent rate constant of the three kinetic regimes is 0.064, 3.178, and 1.130 L h mol-1, respectively.The amorphous SiO_2 products obtained by carbonating the purified solution have 99.6 % purity and are spherical with diameters of about 100 nm.

中国硼资源及硼泥资源化综合利用前景

硼是用途广泛的重要非金属元素,中国已探明硼资源总储量为4 908万t,其中90%以上集中分布于辽宁、吉林、青海和西藏4个省区,矿床类型以沉积变质型和现代盐湖沉积型为主。几十年来,硼资源被过度无序开采,使得以硼镁矿为代表的易开采型硼富矿现已濒临枯竭,由此,加强对硼铁矿、现代盐湖和地下卤水型硼资源的进一步开发利用十分必要。目前,硼资源主要是通过制成硼砂和硼酸加以利用,在采用碳碱法制备硼砂和采用硫酸一步分解法、硼砂二步法制备硼酸的过程中,会产生大量的硼泥废弃物,这些废弃物易造成严重的环境污染,制约硼工业的发展。如果硼泥能够得到充分利用,既能解决硼资源的进一步开发利用的难题,也能缓解环境压力。因此,提出了硼泥在建材、环境材料、冶金及有价成分回收等领域资源化利用的绿色途径,并以提高硼的利用价值和降低环境污染为目的,对硼资源合理开发、硼泥综合利用和高新含硼材料发展进行了展望。

氢氧化镁分解动力学的研究

以硼泥为原料与硫酸反应制备出七水硫酸镁,以氢氧化钠为沉淀剂制备出符合标准HG/T3607-2000的氢氧化镁.利用XRD,SEM和TEM对氢氧化镁进行了表征,DTA-TG对氢氧化镁的热分解动力学进行了研究.XRD结果表明:制备粉体为单一Mg(OH)2.SEM和TEM结果表明:样品为片状或针状纤维,片直径大小不一,在20～50nm之间,针状纤维形状不规则,大小不一致,长度在20～100nm之间.利用Kissinger法和Ozawa法计算出的氢氧化镁热分解反应活化能分别为135.14和141.61kJ·mol-1.利用Coats-Redfern法和Dolye法判断氢氧化镁热分解反应机理函数为A1.5.

利用硼泥制备氢氧化镁

为解决硼泥对环境造成的污染问题以及充分利用硼泥中的镁元素，采用硫酸与硼泥高温煅烧反应制备氢氧化镁。研究了煅烧温度、煅烧时间、液固比对镁的浸出率的影响，发现煅烧温度为300℃、煅烧时间为2h、液固比为2：1左右为宜，此时镁的浸出率为88％。浸出液经除杂后制得镁精液，以氢氧化钠为沉淀剂制得氢氧化镁，镁精液中镁的回收率达到91．17％。硼泥中镁的综合回收率可达80％。经XRD检测确定沉淀产物为氢氧化镁，经分析氢氧化镁产品质量符合标准HG／T3607—2000。由SEM检测可知：未烘干的氢氧化镁颗粒直径不到1μm，烘干后的氢氧化镁颗粒呈不规则球状，颗粒直径大约70—90μm。

菱镁矿尾矿与硼泥合成橄榄石研究

本实验以菱镁矿尾矿、硼泥和硅石为主要原料,通过固相反应烧结制备镁橄榄石,研究随着硼泥和添加剂铁红(Fe2O3)引入量的不同对合成镁橄榄石材料相组成、结构及烧结性能的影响。利用XRD和SEM对烧后试样的矿物相组成和显微结构进行表征。结果表明:硼泥可以促进烧后镁橄榄石材料中晶粒异常长大,随着烧后镁橄榄石材料结构中液相的增多,系统中出现了顽火辉石相,烧后镁橄榄石材料体积密度逐渐增大,硼泥对镁橄榄石有促烧结作用。添加剂铁红与氧化镁形成镁铁固溶体,促进镁橄榄石材料结构致密,系统中引入3.51%铁红,烧后镁橄榄石材料体积密度提高24%。

硫酸浸出硼泥制备片状氢氧化镁实验研究

对硫酸浸出硼泥制备氢氧化镁进行了研究,考察了反应温度、反应时间、硫酸用量和硫酸初始浓度等因素对硼泥中镁浸出率的影响。结果表明:在浸出硫酸足量的条件下,反应温度对镁浸出率影响最大。实验得到酸浸条件:反应温度为95℃、反应时间为3 h、硫酸质量分数为40%、硫酸用量为理论量的1.2倍。在此条件下,硼泥中镁的浸出率为95.62%。反应完成后,得到初级硫酸镁浸出液,通过进一步梯度碱析和水热反应,制得纯度为99.35%的片状氢氧化镁。SEM和XRD测试表明,片状氢氧化镁具有形貌均一、颗粒分散性好和结晶度高的特征。

利用硼泥制备七水硫酸镁的研究

针对硼泥中的有价元素镁未得到充分利用,以工业硫酸和硼泥为原料制备出七水硫酸镁,为硫酸镁的生产开辟了一条新的途径,同时又治理了硼泥对环境的污染。讨论了酸浸温度、酸浸时间、液固比及硫酸浓度对镁浸出率的影响,确定了合理的工艺条件:酸浸温度100℃、酸浸时间2h、液固比为4:1、硫酸浓度50%,在此条件下镁的浸出率为95%。

晶化工艺对铁尾矿微晶玻璃微观结构的影响

以铁尾矿为主要原料制备微晶玻璃,通过DTA,XRD,SEM分析方法,全面考察了晶化温度和晶化时间对微晶玻璃结构的影响.实验发现：随着析晶温度的升高,主晶相钙铁辉石没有改变,但晶体形态和析晶率发生了较大的变化;随着析晶温度的升高,晶体的规则程度增加,晶体尺寸增大,析晶率呈先增加后减小的趋势;当析晶温度高于1250℃时,晶体分布均匀程度降低;最佳晶化温度为1200-1250℃,晶化时间为180 min.

硼泥制备微晶玻璃的晶化行为

针对硼泥、铁尾矿和粉煤灰的成分特点，系统研究了在不同原料配比条件下微晶玻璃的析晶行为，深入探讨了利用硼泥、铁尾矿和粉煤灰制备矿渣微晶玻璃的原料配比对晶化行为的影响．结果表明：随着硼泥配入量的增加，微晶玻璃的初始析晶温度降低，矿渣微晶玻璃的主析晶相为钙铁辉石，当硼泥配入量为30％～40％时，矿渣微晶玻璃的晶体分布较为均匀，球晶有利于性能的提高．

利用硼泥制备三水碳酸镁晶须

用工业硫酸处理硼泥,经过除杂得到纯净的硫酸镁溶液,以碳酸钠为沉淀剂,以磷酸氢二钠为添加剂,制备MgCO3·3H2O晶须。利用IR,XRD,TG,TEM等对产物进行表征,探索了工业硫酸处理硼泥的最佳条件,考察了反应温度、搅拌时间对产物的影响。结果表明,利用硼泥制备三水碳酸镁晶须的最佳反应条件是:硼泥与工业硫酸的固液比1∶2.5,300℃煅烧1.8 h,用氨水调节pH=7.5除去杂质离子,得到纯净的硫酸镁溶液,50℃滴加碳酸钠搅拌反应50 min,陈化1 h过滤,50℃烘干3 h。

轻-粗混合骨料混凝土的基本力学性能试验研究

目的以硼泥陶粒等体积替换石子为粗骨料,研究陶粒的不同体积掺量对混凝土的基本力学性能及变形性能的影响规律.方法通过5组试验研究了陶粒体积掺量分别为0、25%、50%、75%和100%时,对混凝土28d的强度和应力-应变曲线的上升段的影响规律.结果随着陶粒体积掺量的增大,混凝土的立方体抗压强度、轴心抗拉强度和劈裂抗拉强度均呈减小的趋势,且当陶粒体积掺量超过50%时,混凝土强度大幅降低;混凝土的应力-应变曲线上升段的斜率和峰值应力随着陶粒体积掺量的增大而逐渐减小,但峰值应变增大.结论随着陶粒体积掺量的增大,混凝土的强度和弹性模量逐渐降低;提出了不同陶粒体积掺量的混凝土的本构方程建议.

用硼泥制备多孔二氧化硅及其性能表征

以硼泥为原料，采用盐酸酸浸法制备了多孔二氧化硅，通过x射线衍射（XRD）、红外光谱（Pr-IR）、扫描电镜（SEM）和氮吸附脱附手段对其结构与性能进行了表征，通过吸附水中罗丹明B来测试其吸附性能。结果表明，多孔二氧化硅中SiO2含量为86．04％，且以无定形SiO2为主；其结构蓬松，存在大量狭缝孔，孔径在2-39nm之间连续分布，吸附平均孔径为6．992nm，BET多点比表面积为147m^2／g；多孔二氧化硅对水中罗丹明B的吸附性能较好，浓度为30mg／L时吸附量为1．23mg／g。

热处理对硼泥微晶玻璃微观结构的影响

以硼泥为主要原料制备微晶玻璃,通过DTA,XRD,SEM等分析方法,对CaO-MgO-A12O3-SiO2系玻璃的析晶性能进行研究,系统地分析了烧结时间和晶化时间对微晶玻璃结构的影响.结果表明其主晶相为钙铁辉石,次晶相为尖晶石和橄榄石,晶粒的尺寸约为2～5 μm;其集合体呈枝晶、柱状晶体和块状晶体;在780℃下的最佳烧结时间为4h,最佳晶化时间为4h.

硼泥中氧化镁组分的盐酸浸出工艺研究

为解决硼泥带来的环境污染问题,充分利用其中的镁元素制备镁盐和其他镁化工产品,进行了硼泥的盐酸浸出实验研究。首先采取煅烧的方式对硼泥活化预处理,研究了煅烧温度、煅烧时间对工艺的影响,得到适宜的煅烧工艺条件:煅烧温度为600℃、煅烧时间为2 h;在盐酸浸出硼泥工艺过程中,研究了盐酸用量、酸浸温度、酸浸时间对硼泥中氧化镁浸出率的影响,得到适宜的酸浸工艺条件:盐酸用量为2.5 mL/g、酸浸温度为95℃、酸浸时间为1 h,在此条件下氧化镁的浸出率达到95.8%。硼泥浸出渣的XRD测试表明,硼泥主要含有的镁物相镁橄榄石和菱镁矿已被完全浸出。