Formation of FeMo_2B_2 phase in boron containing 9Cr-1.5Mo ferritic steels

The segregation and diffusion of boron during heat treatments were studied. The influence of boron contents, aging time and applied stress on FeMo2B2 formation was also studied. Finally, the effects of boron contents and FeMo2B2 formation on the high temperature strength were studied. Boron atoms were segregated to prior austenite grain boundary during normalizing treatment. And these boron atoms were slowly diffused into the grain interior during tempering and aging at 700 ℃. The FeMo2B2 phase was only formed after 1,000 h aging at 700 ℃ in alloy containing 196 ppm boron. The formation of FeMo2B2 phase is accelerated by the applied stress. It was expected that the formation of FeMo2B2 is closely related to the redistribution of boron atoms. The tensile strengths at 700 ℃ are increased with the increase of boron contents. However, the formation of FeMo2B2 phase results in lower tensile strength.

A NEW ROUTE FROM HETEROAROMATIC BORON COMPOUNDS TO CORRESPONDING KETONES VIA DICHLOROCARBENE INSERTION UNDER PHASE TRANSFER CONDITIONS

The reactions of tri-2-benzofuranylborane or aminoethyl di-2-thienylborinate and 2-thienylphenylborinate with dichlorocarbene generated in situ from chloroform under phase transfer conditions were explored as a new route for the preparation of heteroaromatic ketones. It was found that a good yield of the ketones can be obtained by solid-liquid system.

First-principles study of two new boron nitride structures:C12-BN and O16-BN

Based on the first-principles method,we predict two new stable BN allotropes:C12-BN and O16-BN,which belong to cubic and orthorhombic crystal systems,respectively.It is confirmed that both the phases are thermally and dynamically stable.The results of molecular dynamics simulations suggest that both the BN phases are highly stable even at high temperatures of 1000 K.In the case of mechanical properties,C12-BN has a bulk modulus of 359 GPa and a hardness of 43.4 GPa,making it a novel superhard material with potential technological and industrial applications.Electronic band calculations reveal that both C12-BN and O16-BN are insulators with direct band gaps of 3.02 e V and 3.54 e V,respectively.The XRD spectra of C12-BN and O16-BN are also simulated to provide more information for possible experimental observation.Our findings enrich the BN allotrope family and are expected to stimulate further experimental interest.

Phase Constitution in Mixed Gd_2O_3 and B_4C by Sintering at High Temperature

The phase constitution in mixed Gd2O3 and B4C by sintering in graphite tube furnace at the temperature of 100～1489 ℃ in argon atmosphere was studied by means of XRD and TG-DTA. The results show that the impurity C reacts with O in the B4C at the temperature of 367～458 ℃. When the temperature is 800 ℃, Gd2O3 reacts with B4C, and the reaction products include GdB6, GdB4, GdBO3, GdBC and B. GdBC changes into GdB4 at 1200 ℃. When the temperature is 1470 ℃, GdB6 is obtained by the reaction of GdB4 with elemental B. The content of GdB6 is increasing with the prolonging time.

Crystallization of amorphous boron by the calorimetric method

The kinetics of formation of crystal boron was studied by X-ray structure and differential-thermal analyses. The enthalpy of transition of amorphous boron to crystal boron with formation of an intermediate non-equilibrium phase was determined by the calorimetric method. Studies were carried out by using the differential scanning calorimeter SETARAM. Amorphous boron received by diboron cracking was used as the starting material. The test sample is cha- racterized by stability even at a high temperature. When heated, amorphous boron first transforms to crystal boron of α-modification, and during a further heating, there occur several phase transitions, which means the transition of α-rhombohedric crystal boron to the β'?and β''?metastable states. Studies of various modifications were carried out by radiographic and electro-optic methods. The high sensitiveness of the calorimeter made it possible to control temperature in the oven, make records and detect even the smallest thermal effects.

Characterisation of the high-pressure structural transition and elastic properties in boron arsenic

This paper carries out the First principles calculation of the crystal structures （zinc blende （B3） and rocksalt （B1）） and phase transition of boron arsenic （BAs） based on the density-functional theory. Using the relation between enthalpy and pressure, it finds that the transition phase from the B3 structural to the B] structural occurs at the pressure of l13.42GPa. Then the elastic constants Cll, C12, C44, bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young modulus, anisotropy factor, Kleinman parameter and Poisson ratio are discussed in detail for two polymorphs of BAs. The results of the structural parameters and elastic properties in B3 structure are in good agreement with the available theoretical and experimental values.

Multi-step Reaction Route Developed for Improving Crystallinity of Boron Nitride Nanoparticles

A multi-step reaction route was developed to synthesize boron nitride（BN） nanoparticles via the reactionbetween NaN3 and BC13 in a benzene-thermal solution. By means of this route, the crystallinity of BN nanoparticleswas improved via increasing the reaction steps. Meanwhile, a phase transformation from hexagonal BN（hBN） or tur-bostratic BN（tBN） to cubic BN（cBN） occurred, resulting in the increase of cBN content. Moreover, the content ofcBN also slightly increased when the temperature was elevated from 265 ℃ to 280 ℃.

掺杂BN-OH纳米片的P/PEG@BN-OH同轴纳米纤维的制备及其热性能

为制备高效稳定的相变储热材料,采用同轴静电纺丝技术制备了以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为鞘、聚乙二醇(PEG)与羟基化氮化硼纳米片(BN-OH)为芯的同轴纳米纤维(P/PEG@x BN-OH),并分别通过场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、差示扫描量热仪、红外热成像仪等手段分析了掺杂不同质量BN-OH纳米片对纤维形貌、热性能、循环稳定性、热能效率及热导率的影响。结果表明:纤维形成了稳定且连续的鞘-芯同轴结构,平均直径介于279~335 nm,而且PEG和BN-OH被包裹在PAN纤维内部,内径大小范围为107~188 nm;P/PEG@x BN-OH纳米纤维显示了优异的相变储热焓值(75~78 J/g)和热稳定性,经100次热循环后PEG无相变渗漏现象;掺杂质量分数为10.0%的BN-OH纳米片可将纤维的热导率提高95%,而且其相变储热和释放率分别提高了67%和154%。

中子毒物硼和钆在乏燃料后处理中的应用及合金相图研究

随着我国核电站在建及运行的反应堆日渐增多,乏燃料的产生、运输和储存成为核工业面临的严峻难题。对卸载出的巨量核废乏燃料,采用闭环处理循环利用,比传统深埋更加环保和安全。采用添加中子毒物的核结构材料制造相关设备和仪器,可以保障乏燃料后处理过程的运行安全。基于核工业应用要求,针对乏燃料后处理常用的316L不锈钢、Ti35、Zr等材料添加B或者Gd的相图展开调研,结果显示B和Gd可明显提高结构材料的中子吸收效果,但B和Gd的化学性质与过渡族金属Fe,Ti,Zr等相差甚远,除α-Zr最多固溶2.8%Gd(原子数分数)以外,B和Gd均不能大量固溶于常规金属合金体系中,强制添加势必对合金力学性能或耐蚀性能带来巨大危害。可采用团簇模型的合金设计理念,通过含B和Gd化合物相均匀析出或者复合的制造工艺以及Zr-Gd、Ti-Gd体系的多元合金化,引入互溶的中间相,增加难以固溶的元素的固溶度,以此解决中子毒物B和Gd在乏燃料后处理中的应用瓶颈。

六方氮化硼应用于样品前处理的研究进展

近几年,六方氮化硼由于孔隙率高、比表面积大、机械强度高、化学稳定性好、亲水性好、生物相容性好等优点,作为前处理材料获得了广泛关注,已被用于生物化学、食品安全、环境污染等领域的样品前处理,是一种理想的吸附剂。目前已开发了多种基于六方氮化硼材料作为吸附剂的样品前处理技术,包括固相萃取、分散固相萃取、固相微萃取、磁性固相萃取、管内固相微萃取、分散固相微萃取等,可实现多氯联苯、罗丹明B、黄酮类化合物、多环芳烃等分析物的萃取富集。综述了六方氮化硼材料在样品前处理领域的应用进展,并对今后的发展方向进行了展望。

硼镁铁精粉的烧结性能试验及工业应用

为了拓展可用铁矿资源的来源途径,本文对一种含硼、镁的铁矿资源(丹东硼镁铁精粉)的烧结性能进行试验研究,并开展相关工业应用试验。结果表明:硼镁铁精粉的同化性能与杨迪粉接近,液相流动性能与PB粉接近;在现有烧结原料和工艺条件下,硼镁铁精粉等比例替代地方磁精粉,有利于提高烧结矿的成品率,降低固体燃料消耗,改善烧结矿的低温还原粉化性能。该铁精粉配比低于10%对提高烧结机利用系数和烧结矿转鼓强度有利,高于10%对上述两个指标有负面影响。工业应用试验结果表明,配加3%的硼镁铁精粉后,烧结矿的全铁品位略有降低,烧结矿中B_(2)O_(3)质量分数增加,达到0.56%;烧结矿的粒度组成得到优化,(5,10)mm和≤5 mm的粒级占比分别降低0.79%和1.29%,>40 mm的粒级占比增加3.01%;烧结机利用系数由1.60 t/(m^(2)·h)提高到1.62 t/(m^(2)·h),烧结矿转鼓强度提高2.22个百分点,低温还原粉化指数(>3.15 mm)由58.80%上升至60.29%,烧结矿产、质量指标均有明显改善。

镁合金液相等离子体电解渗硼技术的研究

采用液相等离子体电解渗透硼技术处理AZ91D镁合金,从表面改性层厚度、X-射线衍射物相分析、维氏硬度及耐蚀性等方面对渗硼效果进行了分析。结果表明,经过液相等离子体渗硼技术处理后,AZ91D镁合金试样表面主要为Mg(BO2)2、MgC2等物质,耐蚀性明显提高,硬度显著增加,最高可达82.04HV。

(硬)石膏矿物中硼的提取分离及硼同位素测定

(硬)石膏作为海湖水蒸发过程中常见的硫酸盐矿物,能很好反映原始母液的组成及相关水文地质信息。硼属于易溶元素,常赋存于各种蒸发岩矿物中,目前硼同位素在矿床学,地球化学,古环境等地球科学中已得到广泛应用。由于(硬)石膏硼含量较低且难溶于水和盐酸,所以其硼含量及硼同位素组成特征研究较少。本研究通过物相转化与树脂交换法提取纯化(硬)石膏中的硼:首先使用碳酸氢铵与石膏混合,将微溶硫酸钙转化为难溶碳酸钙,随后使用盐酸溶解,一次转化率为85%,两次转化与分解可以保证石膏的完全溶解;之后经过硼特效树脂(Amberlite IRA 743)完成硼富集及阴阳离子混合树脂(Ion ExchangeⅡ和Dowex50W×8)对硼的纯化;最终通过He改进的正热电离质谱法测定硼同位素。测得试剂石膏中的硼含量为(3.501±0.128)μg/g(n=12,RSD=3.6%),平均加标回收率为100.5%;同时加标试剂石膏的δ^(11)B值为17.98‰±0.21‰(n=3,RSD=1.2%),说明整个流程的重复性良好,可以满足(硬)石膏中硼含量及其硼同位素组成的准确测定。

表面铸渗硼组织中奥氏体转变产物

The microstructure of surface boron alloyed layer has been investigated by XRD,TEM and SEM techniques. The results showed that in the hypereutectic region the micrograph of eutectic structure composed of Fe\-2B and austenite may be in the shape of chrysanthemum or a fish\|bone type. The austenite transforms finally into Fe\-3(Si,B) plus ferrite phase with a pearlitic or bainitic structure.

用水热方法合成氮化硼过程中反应原料种类的影响

利用选相原位合成方法制备了立方氮化硼(cBN),研究了硼源和氮源种类对产物物相的影响。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外吸收光谱(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)以及高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)对样品进行了表征。结果表明:如果利用硼酸作为反应原料,可以在优化的条件下得到纯相cBN;当硼酸被硼酸铵取代时,制备的样品变成了六方氮化硼(hBN)和cBN的混合物。另一方面,用三聚氰胺取代部分NaN3作为氮源时,样品几乎是纯相的hBN。对上述结果进行了简要分析,并在此基础上给出了水热合成氮化硼过程中反应原料的选择原则。

硼对第二代镍基单晶高温合金显微组织的影响

硼(B)是强化镍基单晶合金小角度晶界的重要微量元素,但目前关于B对镍基单晶合金显微组织影响的系统报道非常有限。通过对3种不同B含量(质量分数分别为0、0.01%、0.02%)的第二代镍基单晶合金DD11铸态及热处理态组织定量表征,研究了B对相转变温度、(γ+γ′)共晶组织、硼化物的影响。结果表明:B显著降低合金的固液相线,提高铸态共晶组织体积分数;0.01%B的加入,合金中未出现M3B2型硼化物相;而0.02%B的加入,显著促进了骨架状硼化物的形成,降低合金初熔点,引起残余共晶含量的大幅度提高;骨架状硼化物吸收较多的Cr、Mo和W等元素,降低合金的固溶强化效果,可导致单晶合金基体的蠕变性能大幅度降低。研究结果对认识单晶合金中微量元素B的作用机理及优化B成分范围具有理论指导意义。

形变和冷却对B1500HS硼钢马氏体相变的影响

利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机,以恒定的应变速率将在900℃奥氏体化的B1500HS硼钢试样分别压缩10%、20%、30%、40%,然后分别以50℃/s、40℃/s、25℃/s的速度对试样进行冷却。研究形变量及冷却速度对B1500HS硼钢的马氏体相变温度、微观组织、显微硬度和残余奥氏体等方面的影响规律。结果表明:相同冷却速度下,马氏体相变开始温度和相变终止温度均随着形变量的增加逐渐升高。随着形变量的增加,马氏体组织越来越细小,而且薄片状马氏体越来越少,板条状马氏体越来越多。形变量和冷却速度的增大,均使B1500HS试样中的残余奥氏体量减小。形变导致B1500HS硼钢的连续冷却转变图左移,避免未变形B1500HS钢试样生成贝氏体组织的临界冷却速度约为25℃/s。当冷却速度为25℃/s时,试样的变形程度达到30%时,微观组织中开始出现贝氏体。

碳化硼基复合材料制备研究进展

碳化硼断裂韧性低、烧结温度高、抗氧化能力差、对金属的稳定性差,限制了其在工程上的进一步应用。综述了碳化硼粉末的成型方法以及碳化硼基复合材料的烧结方法,总结了碳化硼陶瓷的增韧及烧结过程中的氧化行为。

微量硼添加对CuNiMnFe合金组织与性能的影响

为了改善CuNiMnFe多元合金组织内树枝晶尺寸及成分偏析，提高合金力学性能，存合金熔炼过程中添加微量硼进行变质处理，采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜及能谱分析仪对CuNiMnFe合金的组织形貌及物相进行表征，并采用布氏硬度计和万能材料试验机分别对合金硬度和抗拉强度进行测试。结果表明：硼元素对CuNiMnFe合金组织变质效果明显，在0～0．15％B（质量分数）范围内，随着硼添加量的增加，CuNiMnFe合金组织中树枝晶得到细化，二次品臂间距减小，共晶β相减少，枝晶内析出颗粒状次生β相与钉状γ相增多。当硼的添加量为0．10％时，合金组织内树枝晶二次晶臂间距最小，板条状共晶卢相基本消失，枝晶内颗粒次生β相与钉状γ相明显。CuNiMnFe合金铸态硬度及热处理后的硬度也随着硼的添加量的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势。当硼的添加量为0．10％时，合金铸态硬度达到峰值，热处理后硬度仍保持最大值HB380，同时，合金抗拉强度达到1130MPa。

等离子喷涂碳化硼涂层相组成和电学性能研究

采用大气等离子喷涂，在不同喷涂距离下制备了碳化硼涂层，研究了喷涂距离对碳化硼涂层的显微结构、相组成和电导率的影响．用EDS和XPS分析了涂层的相组成；扫描电镜观察涂层的显微结构；标准四探针法测量涂层的电导率．结果表明，喷涂距离不仅会影响碳化硼涂层的显微结构，而且会改变碳化硼涂层的相组成；等离子喷涂碳化硼涂层的表面电导率随温度的增加而增加，表现出明显的半导体特性；涂层表面电导率同相组成和显微结构密切相关，涂层中B_2O_3相含量越高，气孔率越大，则涂层的电导率越低．