When translating children's literature, the characteristics of the target readers can not be neglected. However, in thetranslation of literary works in China, translation of children's literature in China has ...When translating children's literature, the characteristics of the target readers can not be neglected. However, in thetranslation of literary works in China, translation of children's literature in China has always been ignored. E-C translation practicein children's literature and the theoretical study are of imbalance. When it comes to the theoretical study of E-C translation of chil-dren's literature, it is far backward. Skopostheorie holds that the purpose of translation is the primary rule to be followed, and pro-vides children's literature translation with theory evidence. The Borrowers was introduced into China in 1990, highly appreciatedby readers. However, the related research in the translation of this book is poor. This paper takes Skopostheorie as the theoreticalframework and combines the characteristics of children's literature, discussing the different Chinese translation versions of the Brit-ish children's literature The Borrowers. This paper makes a comparative analysis on the advantages and disadvantages of differentChinese versions, and summarizes the methods of translating children's literature.展开更多
In this study, we aim to determine public savings’ structural location in the analysis of effect levels that are related to public borrowing requirement to cope with the deviation of financial balances, especially af...In this study, we aim to determine public savings’ structural location in the analysis of effect levels that are related to public borrowing requirement to cope with the deviation of financial balances, especially after 2009 global crisis in Turkey. Public savings as a financial option take up an important place in the scope of expressed government budget balances related to public borrowing requirements which are increasingly located together with budget deficits. This fact especially is pertaining to investments and capital’s transfers that are subject to the public decision making process towards economic growth in the future in developing countries like Turkey. Therefore, increasing public savings’ limits appear on these countries as an inevitable financial phenomenon concerning the desired investments. Turkey, as a developing country, has faced two financial phenomenons that increase borrowing requirement terms that lead to intend financial balances that have generally deviated after 2009 financial crisis. Firstly, it’s increasing foreign debt burden and the public savings’ levels that have not been enough to cover all the proportion of foreign debt payments since 2009. Secondly, the effect level of global crisis on the exchange rates directly causes the deviation of national currency values as a meaningful important negative impact on budget balances that are aimed at together with the macroeconomic financial balances.展开更多
Debt-to-GDP measures in major OECD countries are at historical highs and a considerable part of sovereign debt needs to be refinanced soon,while projections of real GDP growth are fairly weak and uncertain and assesse...Debt-to-GDP measures in major OECD countries are at historical highs and a considerable part of sovereign debt needs to be refinanced soon,while projections of real GDP growth are fairly weak and uncertain and assessed sovereign credit quality has declined.Against this,the OECD Committee on Financial Markets discussed proposals for sovereign debt managers to consider issuing GDP-linked sovereign bonds.The Committee considered proposals timely and the idea conceptually attractive,as additional insurance against economic downturns over the medium term would be available.It identified however also a number of issues that would complicate issuance in practise.Questions arise in particular as regards investor demand for such instruments and how an additional novelty,liquidity and indexation premium would compare to a potentially reduced default premium on more traditional debt.Debt management offices confirm and stress such practical difficulties and remain sceptical,quoting a lack of sustainable demand for such bonds.As a result,issuance of such bonds would be too costly.It is not clear however whether debt management offices take into account the full macroeconomic and financial stability risk-return trade-off that a broader perspective would take into account.Proposals for issuance of sovereign GDP-linked bonds among advanced economies,which had received increased attention after the German G20-presidency included the topic in the G20 finance track,may have lost some momentum,but there continues to be considerable support from both academics and some practitioners.展开更多
文摘When translating children's literature, the characteristics of the target readers can not be neglected. However, in thetranslation of literary works in China, translation of children's literature in China has always been ignored. E-C translation practicein children's literature and the theoretical study are of imbalance. When it comes to the theoretical study of E-C translation of chil-dren's literature, it is far backward. Skopostheorie holds that the purpose of translation is the primary rule to be followed, and pro-vides children's literature translation with theory evidence. The Borrowers was introduced into China in 1990, highly appreciatedby readers. However, the related research in the translation of this book is poor. This paper takes Skopostheorie as the theoreticalframework and combines the characteristics of children's literature, discussing the different Chinese translation versions of the Brit-ish children's literature The Borrowers. This paper makes a comparative analysis on the advantages and disadvantages of differentChinese versions, and summarizes the methods of translating children's literature.
文摘In this study, we aim to determine public savings’ structural location in the analysis of effect levels that are related to public borrowing requirement to cope with the deviation of financial balances, especially after 2009 global crisis in Turkey. Public savings as a financial option take up an important place in the scope of expressed government budget balances related to public borrowing requirements which are increasingly located together with budget deficits. This fact especially is pertaining to investments and capital’s transfers that are subject to the public decision making process towards economic growth in the future in developing countries like Turkey. Therefore, increasing public savings’ limits appear on these countries as an inevitable financial phenomenon concerning the desired investments. Turkey, as a developing country, has faced two financial phenomenons that increase borrowing requirement terms that lead to intend financial balances that have generally deviated after 2009 financial crisis. Firstly, it’s increasing foreign debt burden and the public savings’ levels that have not been enough to cover all the proportion of foreign debt payments since 2009. Secondly, the effect level of global crisis on the exchange rates directly causes the deviation of national currency values as a meaningful important negative impact on budget balances that are aimed at together with the macroeconomic financial balances.
文摘Debt-to-GDP measures in major OECD countries are at historical highs and a considerable part of sovereign debt needs to be refinanced soon,while projections of real GDP growth are fairly weak and uncertain and assessed sovereign credit quality has declined.Against this,the OECD Committee on Financial Markets discussed proposals for sovereign debt managers to consider issuing GDP-linked sovereign bonds.The Committee considered proposals timely and the idea conceptually attractive,as additional insurance against economic downturns over the medium term would be available.It identified however also a number of issues that would complicate issuance in practise.Questions arise in particular as regards investor demand for such instruments and how an additional novelty,liquidity and indexation premium would compare to a potentially reduced default premium on more traditional debt.Debt management offices confirm and stress such practical difficulties and remain sceptical,quoting a lack of sustainable demand for such bonds.As a result,issuance of such bonds would be too costly.It is not clear however whether debt management offices take into account the full macroeconomic and financial stability risk-return trade-off that a broader perspective would take into account.Proposals for issuance of sovereign GDP-linked bonds among advanced economies,which had received increased attention after the German G20-presidency included the topic in the G20 finance track,may have lost some momentum,but there continues to be considerable support from both academics and some practitioners.
