Source Text Borrowing in Summary of Integrated Writing

Integrated writing tasks,requiring writers to summarize source content and integrate their ideas or experience with those in the source text,are widely used in standardized tests of English proficiency.Integrated writing adds an element not found in traditional independent writing:the use of source text material.Recently,concern has been raised that over-reliance on source texts in integrated writing may lead to plagiarism as well as inaccurate assessment which calls for further investigation.Research on L2 students’writing using sources has broadened its focus from transgressive citing practices to stages of skill development in this complicated literacy,the successive challenges students face,and how instruction might be of benefit.Previous literature mainly focused on source use in academic writing and seldom considered summary writing in standardized tests,while summary strategy is particularly important in standardized tests,in which summary accounts for a significant part of the assessment criteria.Given that a series of previous literature have indicated that source text use,source texts,and prompts are associated with the quality of summary writing,this article reviews the source text borrowing in the summary of integrated writing to further explore the relationship between some variables and the quality of summary writing and therefore finds some research gaps in this field.

Geliable Lexical Borrowings in China English on the Internet

Lexical borrowing in China English is an important part of English localization.This paper,on the basis of the study of vogue lexical English expressions on the Internet,tries to describe and explain the characteristics of lexical borrowings in China English on the Internet.

STUDY ON THE INTERRELATION BETWEEN THE FOREIGN ELEMENTS AND THE NATIVE ELEMENT IN ENGLISH——English Borrowings from Chinese

This dissertaion will focus on the words English borrowed from Chinese to discuss the influence of Chinese culture on English. In the history of word borrowing, it is not until in the 18 th and 19th century that there was a flood of Chinese loanwords into English. Most of the words are nouns about custom,culture, and goods with Chinese characteristic. The Chinese loanwords set foot into English by the means of transliteration, Among all Chinese dialects Mandarin, Cantonese and Amoy contributed most to English. Other languages such as Japanese bridged the borrowing process,too.

A Study of Borrowing,Imitation and Creation in English-Chinese Translation:A Case Study of Translating“The Root Cause of Poverty”

Based on the translated version of“The Root Cause of Poverty”by Rutger Bregman on the Ted speech online platform,this research analyzes the application of direct borrowing,imitative translation and creative translation in English-Chinese translation.First,we believe the direct borrowing of a ready-made version is most ideal as it reveals the common ground both languages share when translating a source text.Next,it is preferable to imitate an already existing expression as similarity is reader-friendly.However,it is sometimes necessary to adopt creative translation to preserve differences to ensure that the meaning of the original language is accurately transmitted.

“Em”:Pragmatics Borrowing in Chinese Wechat Conversations:among Female University Students in China

The term“pragmatics borrowing”refers to a conscious use of foreign pragmatic marker within or between utterances.Distinctive pragmatics functions of using the“cross-linguistic”pragmatic markers in online conversations have become a research focus.In a sample of Wechat communication among university students,the English pragmatics marker“em”and its variations occurred frequently.By analyzing its spelling variations,placement,pragmatic meanings and functions,the study indicates that,besides using it as a hesitator,chat participants consciously use this foreign pragmatic marker as a buffer for later utterance,which is usually an apology or a request,to soften the intonation and give the addressee an impression of politeness.

Discussion on E-books and Library Borrowing Service

With the vigorous development of network information technology,e-book borrowing service came into being and showed a vigorous development trend.Therefore,in order to strengthen the service function,the library needs to gradually improve the e-book borrowing service,so as to provide readers with high-quality service content,so that the library can give full play to its function of disseminating scientific and cultural knowledge.Therefore,in this article research,we first discuss the main reading methods of e-books,then investigate the current reading situation of e-books and traditional paper books in the library,and then put forward corresponding development strategies to effectively promote the rapid development of the library and strengthen the level of e-book borrowing service.

AN OPTIMAL INVESTMENT/CONSUMPTION PROBLEM WITH HIGHER BORROWING RATE

In this paper, optimal investment and consumption decisions for an optimal choice problem in infinite horizon are considered, for an investor who has available a bank account and a stock whose price is a log normal diffusion. The bank pays at an interest rate r for any deposit, and takes at a larger rate r′ for any loan. As in the paper of Xu Wensheng and Chen Shuping in JAMS(B), where an analogous problem in finite horizon is studied, optimal strategies are obtained via Hamilton Jacobi Bellman (HJB) equation which is derived from dynamic programming principle. For the specific HARA case, i.e. U(t,c)=e -βt c 1-R 1-R , this paper gets the optimal consumption and optimal investment in the form ofc * t=β-Rw t\ and \ π * t=b-γRσ 2w twith γ:= max{ r, min{ r′,b-Rσ 2 }}, =(1-R)γ+(b-γ) 22Rσ 2]. This result coincides with the classical one under condition r′≡r.

STEM Education as a Concept Borrowing Issue: Perspectives of School Administrators in Turkey

Purpose:As a borrowed concept,science,technology,engineering,and mathematics(STEM)education holds limited relevance in many country contexts.This study investigates how school administrators in Turkey view STEM education from three dimensions:(a)their understanding of STEM education,(b)their experiences of STEM implementations,and(c)their perception of their roles in STEM implementation.Design/Approach/Methods:This phenomenological study analyzes the perceptions of school principals working in prominent high schools in Turkey.Findings:The findings indicate that there are gaps in STEM implementation at both the conceptual level and the school level,including epistemological issues,infrastructural gaps,mismatch with overall organizational culture,and knowledge and skill gaps.Despite efforts to integrate STEM education into educational practices,significant deficiencies are making it an unrealistic practice in Turkey.Originality/Value:While the literature on STEM education is expanding,a few empirical studies focus on school management in relation to STEM education.Arguably,despite promising to transform science and mathematics teaching,STEM education appears to have limited relevance to science and mathematics teaching in Turkeyrendering it yet another example of concept and policy borrowing in education.

基于图书馆联盟的网上馆际互借图书服务——以美国Borrowing Direct与OhioLink为例

以美国长春藤盟校馆际互借服务系统Borrowing Direct和美国俄亥俄州图书与信息合作网OhioLink为例,介绍以集中虚拟、个体分享、直接借阅和远程流通为主要特征的网上跨馆图书互借服务解决方案运行方式及成功经验,对网上图书馆际互借服务的发展动态及特点进行探讨,以期为国内正在建设、发展和应用中的同类服务提供启示与参考。

Decrease-radix design principle for carrying/borrowing free multi-valued and application in ternary optical computer

In this paper a new theory referred to as the decrease-radix design （DRD） is proposed, which is found in the research of logic units of ternary （tri-valued） optical computer. Based on the theory proposed, the principles and the regulations of the DRD for making operation units of multi-valued operation with carrying/borrowing free are also presented. The research work has come to the following important conclusion： let D be a special state contained in n physical informative states, then one may figure out any multi-valued processors within n^（n×n） carrying/borrowing free n-valued units by the composition some of n×n×（n-1） simplest basic operating units according to the regulations of DRD proposed in this paper. The detailed systematic way of our design regulations is highlighted step by step in the paper with an example of design of a tri-valued logic optical operating unit. The real architecture, the procedure, and the experimental results of our sample in tri-valued logic operating unit are given. Finally, a re-constructible model of ternary logical optical processor is introduced. The theory proposed in the paper has laid down a solid foundation for the design of re-constructible carrying/borrowing free operating units in ternary optical computers and can be widely used as the designing reference in a variety of multi-valued logic operating units.

Lignin-derived Zn single atom/N-codoped porous carbon forα-alkylation of aromatic ketones with alcohols via borrowing hydrogen strategy

A green and scalable strategy has been developed for the synthesis of lignin-derived Zn single atom/N-codoped porous carbon(LCN@Zn-SAC)containing similar ZnNx sites with carbonic anhydrases.This catalyst exhibits superior activity on theα-alkylation of ketones with alcohols via borrowing hydrogen strategy(TON up to 15 h^(−1))than most of previously reported works.The dehydrogenation of benzyl alcohol is the rate-determining step based on kinetic experiment results.According to experimental and theoretical calculation results,Zn electron density is inversely proportional to reaction energy barriers,because Zn sites with less positive charge(ZnN_(4) and ZnN_(3)C)in Zn-SACs display better borrowing hydrogen ability than other Zn sites.Furthermore,this catalyst can be recycled by simple centrifugation,which can be reused at least 8 runs with no obvious lose in activity.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first example of non-noble metal-SAC-catalyzedα-alkylation via borrowing hydrogen strategy.

Ruthenium catalyzed amination cyclization of 1,2,4-butanetriol with primary amines:A borrowing hydrogen strategy for 3-pyrrolidinol synthesis

A ruthenium based catalytic system([Ru(p-cymene)Cl2]2/XantPhos with substoichiometric Cs2CO3)has been established to effectively achieve the first direct amination cyclization of 1,2,4-butanetriol with primary aromatic amines.The product of this sustainable hydrogen autotransfer process is valuable Naryl-3-pyrrolidinol.

Local Government Borrowing’s Expansionary Monetary Effect and Its Policy Synergy

All governments face increasingly frequent issues arising from aggregate supply and demand against currency circulation and financial stability,and public finance and banking authorities employ a variety of policy instruments to keep the economy stable and coordinated.How to avoid policy conflicts and maximize effectiveness in policy portfolio of local government borrowing,which is taken as a major macro-control instrument,is a subject that needs in-depth study.This paper probes into local government borrowing’s monetary effect and transmission mechanism and its best synergistic model with monetary policy by the construction of a NK-DSGE model covering financial frictions,multi-period bonds and borrowing rules.The findings are as follows.(1)The shocks of one-percent local government borrowing(bond duration=5 years)push up the money multiplier by 0.39%to produce expansionary monetary effect,and the longer the bond duration,the greater the effect.(2)In the context of physical and financial shocks,monetary policy adopts a moderately tight reverse synergy with local government borrowing,effectively restraining its expansionary monetary effect for better economic stability and recovery.(3)For bonds with longer maturities,raising the risk sensitivity of local government borrowing rules benefits the improvement of welfare.

Coinage in Akan Among Senior High School Students:A Case Study of Selected Schools in Ghana

The paper is entitled“Coinage in Akan Among Senior High School Students”.It aims to investigate coinage used by senior high school students.This paper also investigates other word formation processes involved in coined words and the reasons why the students use them in their everyday conversation.The collected data from direct elicitation and interviews were categorized into the types of coined words and analyzed in terms of their formation processes by using a method of analysis based on theories as proposed by Yule(1985),Potter(1975),O’Grady and Guzman(1996),and Gerber(1968).The findings show that there are 10 groups of word formation processes in this study.This paper presents a qualitative analysis of the findings of a sociolinguistic survey geared towards coinage as used by students of both Osei Tutu Senior High School and Bisease Community/Senior High School speech communities.It is also imperative to state that these two schools are located in typical Akan speaking communities.Osei Tutu Senior High School,situated in Akropong,in the Ashanti region of Ghana,is a single sex school(boys’school)and Bisease Community/Senior High School on the other hand is situated in Ajumako-Bisease in the central region.The latter is a mixed school.

论中国风景园林“借景”理法之“借景无由,触情俱是”(英文)

One of the main theories of "borrowing scenery" which was "borrowing scenery under the guidance of emotion" was expounded from two aspects.And the second aspect was emphasized,that is,integrating social beauty into natural beauty so as to produce artistic beauty of landscape,and layer beauty was the main content manifested in Chinese landscape garden.

An Integrated FCEM-AHP Approach for Borrower’s Satisfaction and Perception Analysis of Microfinance Institution

Themain objective of this paper is to present an integrated approach to evaluate the level of satisfaction of borrowers with the products and services of microfinance institutions(MFI)at different criterion levels.For this,the study adopts the concept of FCEM(Fuzzy Comprehensive EvaluationMethod)in concurrence with the AHP(Analytical Hierarchy Process).In our day-to-day situation,the researchers have made many efforts to assess the impact of Microfinance on poverty reduction,but borrowers’satisfaction is always overlooked.Since the multiple factors impact the borrower’s satisfaction,each factor is made of different items.Thus,as the factors items increase,many uncertainties are created,and hence this will make the decisionmaking unsmooth or imprecise.To describe this,the FCEM method deals with the vagueness in the collection information phase.However,the AHP has been utilized to determine the objective weights of each factor.The presented integrated framework has been illustrated with a case study and presented their results.The study’s managerial benefit is also reported to address the situation.

从“快传”(RapidILL)和“立借”(Borrow Direct)看馆际互借与文献传递服务体系的发展

"快传"(RapidILL)与"立借"(Borrow Direct)分别代表文献传递与馆际互借的最佳实践,两者的共性主要体现在高度自动化和全面的质量控制,其核心是节约用户时间、增强用户粘性。我国馆际互借与文献传递服务体系今后的发展方向也主要体现在时间维度上,具体落实在节约用户时间、优化用户时间和提高用户的等待价值这三个方面。

印刷型图书的馆际互借新模式的介绍与分析

美国7所长春藤盟校联合开展了一项新的读者自助式馆际互借服务--Borrow Direct,它允许最 终用户利用网络直接向典藏馆发送印刷型图书的馆际互借申请,从而将馆际互借周期缩短到4天,满足率提升 到84％。本文对这一项目做了详细的介绍,并对其所代表的馆际互借发展的新趋势进行了分析。

中国私家园林空间布局艺术探析(英文)

Private garden is one of the three major garden styles in China,the artistic achievements of which have devoted remarkable contributions to the development of global landscape architecture.Through studying the spatial layout of private gardens,the authors further analyzed three ways of landscape layouts,specifically,separated scenery,winding scenery and borrowed scenery.Concrete examples were taken to demonstrate the connotations and application skills of such three layouts,in order to benefit the inheritance and development of traditional Chinese garden art.

How New Words Are Formed

With the development of the society and culture, English vocabulary change rapidly. English has always been in a state of evolution. In recent years new words enter the English language at an increasing rate. This paper makes an attempt to analyze eight ways of new English word formation, creating, blending, shortening, functional shift, back- formation, affixation, compounding and borrowing — by presenting mainly English examples.